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L K Jha Memorial Lectures

The Reserve Bank of India has instituted a lecture series in memory of late Shri L.K. Jha, who was Governor of the Reserve Bank of India from July 1, 1967 to May 3, 1970.

Shri Lakshmi Kant Jha was a many-sided personality who excelled in several walks of life. He was an eminent economist, a distinguished administrator, an able diplomat and a sage counsellor. As a person of great expertise and mature judgement, his advice was eagerly sought in India and abroad. He served with distinction as Ambassador to the United States and Governor of Jammu and Kashmir. He was a member of the Brandt Commission and at the time of his death, a member of the Rajya Sabha. In recognition of his invaluable services to the Reserve Bank and the nation and to perpetuate his memory, the Reserve Bank of India has instituted a lecture series styled as the L.K. Jha Memorial Lectures.

L.K. Jha played a crucial role in giving shape to the country's economic policies for nearly four decades. With his fine blend of theory and practice and rare pragmatism, L.K.Jha had an instinctive feel for policies which could work in the Indian context. At the same time, he conceptualised and articulated forward-looking policies for dynamic growth of the Indian economy. He had a significant role in shaping the Industrial Policy Resolution of 1956 which made the concept of mixed economy operational and provided stimulus for the country's industrial development. As Chairman of the Economic Administration Reforms Commission, he was responsible for changing the direction of economic policy towards controlled deregulation as a preliminary step to full liberalisation. Furthermore, as Chairman of the Indirect Taxation Enquiry Committee, he made numerous valuable and enduring contributions to the improvement of India's fiscal system. He effectively pleaded the cause of India and other developing countries in many international fora and was a highly respected member of the Brandt Commission which advocated a new world economic order in which the developing countries would have a more equitable share.

Popularly known as 'LK', Lakshmi Kant Jha was born in Darbhanga district of Bihar on November 22, 1913. He graduated from Benaras Hindu University and Trinity College, Cambridge, UK. At Cambridge he was a student of renowned economists like Pigou, Keynes and Robertson. He joined the Indian Civil Service in 1936. After serving in Bihar in the districts and in the Provincial Secretariat, he was seconded to the Government of India in 1942. He worked successively as Deputy Secretary in the Supply Department, Chief Controller of Imports and Exports, Joint Secretary in the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and as Secretary, Ministry of Heavy Industry. He was India's Principal Representative at the meetings of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and was its Chairman in 1957-58. He became Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs in the Ministry of Finance in 1960 and was appointed in 1964 to the newly created post of Principal Secretary to the then Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri. Subsequently, he continued in the same capacity under Prime Minister Smt. Indira Gandhi.

From July 1, 1967 to May 3, 1970, L.K.Jha held the office of the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India. As Governor of the RBI, he contributed towards strengthening the banking sector. He attached more importance to the developmental role of the Reserve Bank in enhancing growth prospects of the economy. He left the Reserve Bank of India in May 1970 to take over as Ambassador of India to the United States. When the Bangladesh War broke out in 1971, L.K.Jha effectively presented the Indian viewpoint. In 1973, he was appointed Governor of Jammu & Kashmir, and in 1977, a member of the Brandt Commission. As its Deputy Chairman, he played a major role in giving shape to its two reports in 1979 and 1982. On return to Delhi in 1981, he was appointed as Chairman of the Economic Administration Reforms Commission. From 1986 till his death, he served as a member of the Rajya Sabha from his native state of Bihar.

L.K.Jha was an ardent supporter of liberalisation, a process which has gained momentum in recent years. He took the view that although liberalisation may temporarily bring in its wake adverse terms of trade, in the long run, it would lead to increase in exports and greater competitiveness in the economy.

Of the several books written by him, mention may be made of 'Economic Development : Ends and Means', 'Shortages and High Prices : The Way Out', 'Economic Strategy for the Eighties - Priorities for the Seventh Plan', 'The North-South Debate'. 'Growth, Inflation and Other Issues', 'India's Economic Development: A Critique', and 'Mr. Redtape', a satirical comment on bureaucratic procedures. His writings cover a wide range of topics. Many of them relate to credit, banking, monetary policy and international payments which are of direct concern to a central banker. Besides, they also deal with various aspects of economic development in the Indian context, viz., industrial growth, efficiency in industry, planning process, economic strategies, public sector autonomy, etc.

L.K.Jha's expertise in the economic field was recognised not only nationally but also internationally. He was the first Indian Chairman of GATT. He was also Chairman of the U.N. Group of Eminent Persons on Transnational Corporations, member of Interim Coordinate Committee of the International Commodity Agreement and a member and later Deputy Chairman, of the Brandt Commission. He argued for a new economic order and laid emphasis on strengthening the international institutions which in his view could contribute immensely to the betterment of development countries.

L.K.Jha passed away in Pune on January 16, 1988 and remained fully committed to his work to the very last.

سبتمبر 26, 2023
Lecture Series No. 18
نوفمبر 22, 2019
Fiscal Federalism: Ideology and Practice
The Reserve Bank of India hosted the Seventeenth L.K. Jha Memorial Lecture on November 22, 2019 in Mumbai. The lecture was delivered by Shri N.K. Singh, Chairman, Fifteenth Finance Commission. Governor Shri Shaktikanta Das welcomed the guests in his opening remarks, noting that this day marks the 106th birth anniversary of Shri Lakshmi Kant Jha, who was the Governor of the Reserve Bank of India during 1967–1970. Governor Das emphasised the significance of the Lecture series instituted by the Reserve Bank of India in recognition of his services to the Reserve Bank and the nation. In today’s lecture, Shri N.K. Singh spoke on the theme of “Fiscal Federalism: Ideology and Practice” focusing on the changing landscape of Centre-State relations and the dynamic federal polity of India. He underlined the basic structure of fiscal federalism in India, observing that the autonomy of states in India today is vastly different than it was in the pre-globalised era. He highlighted the need for establishing symmetry in the working of the Finance Commission and the GST Council; having a credible policy for rationalisation of centrally sponsored schemes and outlays; encouraging and facilitating dialogue between States and Centre; and, maintaining sound fiscal management at the Centre and State-level. Shri Singh concluded his speech by recommending the need for adopting a new context on the ideology and practice of fiscal federalism which is synchronized and aimed at creating a Centre-State fiscal partnership to achieve higher economic growth and well-being of India’s citizens.
Lecture Series No. 17
ديسمبر 17, 2013
Policy Debates in the Aftermath of the Financial Crisis
Lecture Series No. 14
سبتمبر 27, 2012
Achieving Inclusive Growth: The Challenge of a New Era
Lecture Series No. 13
ديسمبر 13, 2011
Gross Financial Flows, Global Imbalances, and Crises
I am much honored to stand here at the Reserve Bank of India as the twelfth L. K. Jha Memorial Lecturer. Shri Lakshmi Kant Jha was a diplomat, administrator, counselor to government, and central bank governor, among other notable achievements. His writing spanned the most important economic and social issues of the day, as debated both within India and throughout the broader world. My eleven predecessors at this podium form an exceptional group of economic thinkers: leaders in academia, in the policy world, and in most cases, in both. It will be very hard for me to live up to the high standard of insight and relevance that they have set. My task of engaging your interest is made easier, however, by the fascinating yet frightening tableau that the global economy continues to present after four years of lost income, wealth, and jobs. We would all be better off if the supply of interesting current topics were less copious! Alas, global boom and bust have alternated historically, and failure to draw the right lessons from previous crises seems inevitably to contribute to the next. We have been here before. One such time was in the early 1980s, when L. K. Jha, as a member of the Brandt Commission, contributed to that group's somewhat lesser known second report of 1983, entitled Common Crisis and subtitled North-South: Cooperation for World Recovery. The document is remarkable in identifying numerous economic and financial problems that are still relevant today. For example, the authors wonder if the interbank market could transmit liquidity or solvency problems contagiously; they worry about the oversight of bank lending to indebted sovereigns; and, while concerned about moral hazard, they bemoan both the inadequate resources of the International Monetary Fund and the absence of formal lender-of-last resort arrangements covering the foreign operation of national banks. Sound familiar?
Lecture Series No. 12
نوفمبر 26, 2007
The growing importance of emerging economies in the globalised world and its implications for the international financial architecture
Ladies and gentlemen, It is a great honour for me to give this lecture to pay tribute to the memory of the late Shri Lakshmi Kant Jha. L.K. Jha was a man of many talents: a distinguished administrator, a diplomat and an eminent economist. He was the first Chairman of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in the late 1950s and Governor of the Reserve Bank of India in the late 1960s. He held several important positions in the Government of India. In the course of his career, L. K. Jha also became a respected member of the Brandt Commission. As some of you perhaps remember, this commission advocated a new world economic order in which the developing countries, including India, would have a more equitable share. L. K. Jha sadly left us about 20 years ago. However, if he and other members of the Brandt Commission were to look at the world economy today, they would be probably surprised to see how much it has changed. And one of the most important of these changes is precisely the growing share of the rapidly developing economies, which we now term the emerging markets, in the global economy. India represents one striking example of this success. Together with other emerging markets, India is playing a crucial role in the process of globalisation of the world we live in. Some might think that this is a new phenomenon. It is not. India has been at the core of globalisation since its very outset. Let us just remember how it all started. Globalisation did not start 20 years ago, when capital controls around the world began to be lifted. It did not start 50 years ago, when multilateral discussions on trade were launched. Nor did globalisation start 150 years ago, with the industrial revolution. Nor did it start 600 years ago, with the voyage of Christopher Columbus to America. Of course, this voyage marked the linking of two continents, Europe and America. But there is one thing which we tend to forget. Christopher Columbus did not want to travel to America. He wanted to reach India! His ambition was not to discover a new continent. It was to open an alternative route to India using knowledge about the spherical nature of the earth to sail directly west across the “Ocean Sea“, i.e. the Atlantic. India was part of the globalisation process from its very historical outset, as much as it is part of it today.
Lecture Series No. 10
يناير 12, 2004
Budget Deficits and National Debt
Lecture Series No. 8
أكتوبر 16, 2000
Targets, Instruments and Institutional Arrangements for an Effective Monetary Authority
Lecture Series No. 7
يونيو 17, 1999
Inflation Targeting: Is New Zealand's Experience Relevant to Developing Countries?
Lecture Series No. 6
ديسمبر 05, 1996
Strengthening the Financial Marketplace
Lecture Series No. 4
نوفمبر 30, 1992
The Strategy of Economic Adjustment
Lecture Series No. 2

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