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External Investments and Operations Overview Banner

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: update scenario

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : May 16, 2025

Item As on May 9, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 5897173 690617 99381 4553 185033 22291 518259 46466
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 4964245 581373 52579 196 113411 13816 240856 15725
1.2 Gold 737220 86337 45742 4518 69058 8161 270002 30386
1.3 SDRs 158246 18532 1404 -26 2957 363 7472 477
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 37462 4374 -345 -134 -393 -49 -72 -121
*Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); and (c) amounts lent under the SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements.

Date : May 16, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26* 2024 2025
Mar. 28 May 9 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money                        
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3) 4836336 4933363 21859 0.4 55358 1.2 97027 2.0 221997 5.0 246560 5.3
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3720468 3840781 29889 0.8 79073 2.3 120313 3.2 101924 2.9 250247 7.0
1.2 Bankers' deposits with RBI 1003762 986527 -7734 -0.8 -17171 -1.7 -17235 -1.7 99998 11.0 -21751 -2.2
1.3 'Other' deposits with RBI 112106 106055 -296 -0.3 -6544 -6.9 -6050 -5.4 20076 29.6 18063 20.5
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1388403 1657068 4466   -96183   268665   -273066   560039  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1362162 1605769 -8396   -101167   243606   -272199   520281  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector 11418 -168678 -12865   171493   -180096   162467   -294025  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -27049 -188007 -11432   174719   -160958   157466   -302173  
2.3 Net foreign exchange assets of RBI 5526072 5733311 98016 1.7 -11473 -0.2 207239 3.8 470275 9.9 503701 9.6
2.4 Government's currency liabilities to the public 36632 36632     200 0.6 0 0.0 3151 10.3 3000 8.9
2.5 Net non-monetary liabilities of RBI 2126189 2324969 67758 3.0 8680 0.5 198780 9.3 140830 8.5 526155 29.3
*: With respect to March 28, 2025.

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Page Last Updated on: January 18, 2023

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