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External Investments and Operations Overview Banner

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: 

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : July 4, 2025

Item As on July 4, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 5975266 699736 -32479 -3049 263125 31410 488478 42581
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 5049185 591287 -35624 -3537 198351 23729 230723 14177
1.2 Gold 724528 84846 2154 342 56366 6670 245011 27414
1.3 SDRs 161120 18868 157 39 5831 699 10535 832
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 40432 4735 834 107 2577 312 2210 158
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); (c) amounts lent under SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements; and (d) RBI’s contribution to funding of Nexus Global Payments.

Date : June 27, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26 2024 2025
Mar. 31 Jul.04 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4829243 4922861 -844 0.0 86063 1.9 93619 1.9 353954 8.1 205352 4.4
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3724448 3821061 194 0.0 60279 1.7 96613 2.6 205935 6.1 249320 7.0
1.2 Bankers' deposits with RBI 991488 992989 -1153 -0.1 28166 2.7 1501 0.2 129986 14.1 -60626 -5.8
1.3 'Other' deposits with RBI 113307 108812 115 0.1 -2382 -2.5 -4495 -4.0 18033 24.3 16658 18.1
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1508105 1673148 159787   -51874   165042   -108188   531809  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1475460 1642234 148897   -71112   166774   -108580   526691  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector -119015 -422585 -123886   -80399   -303570   44139   -296039  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -157261 -430882 -123154   -77023   -273621   37348   -293306  
2.3 Net foreign exchange assets of RBI 5550947 5806062 -34334 -0.6 94130 1.8 255115 4.6 567294 11.9 470850 8.8
2.4 Government's currency liabilities to the public 36632 37291     634 1.9 659 1.8 3141 10.2 3226 9.5
2.5 Net non-monetary liabilities of RBI 2147427 2171055 2411 0.1 -123573 -6.9 23628 1.1 152432 10.1 504494 30.3

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Page Last Updated on: January 18, 2023

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