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Major Highlights of Results of 18th Round (Q3:2011-12) of Survey of Professional Forecasters on Macroeconomic Indicators

The Reserve Bank has been conducting this survey on a quarterly basis from the quarter ended September 2007. The results of the survey represent views of the respondent forecasters and in no way reflect the views or forecasts of the Reserve Bank of India. The latest survey round relates to the third quarter of 2011-12, i.e., October-December 2011. 25 professional forecasters have participated in this round. The detailed results of the survey are presented in the Annex.

Some of the salient features are:

1. Annual Forecasts:

  • There is a downward revision in real GDP growth rate forecasts for 2011-12 to 7.0 per cent1 from 7.6 per cent in last survey. Forecasts for agriculture have been revised upwards to 3.4 per cent whereas industry and services growth has been revised downwards to 4.1 per cent and 9.0 per cent respectively (Table 1). The forecasters were asked to assign probabilities to the possibility that year-on-year real GDP growth rate will fall into various ranges. For 2011-12, they have assigned maximum probability of 44.2 per cent to 7.0-7.4 per cent growth range for GDP with a downward bias (Chart 1).

Table 1: Median Forecast of Real GDP: Annual*

 

Median
Forecasts (%)

2011-12

2012-13

Real GDP Growth

7.0

7.3

(-0.6)

(-0.4)

Agriculture & Allied Activities

3.4

3.0

(+0.2)

(0.0)

Industry

4.1

5.8

(-2.3)

(-1.1)

Services

9.0

8.8

(-0.1)

(-0.2)

*: Figures in bracket are increase/decrease of forecasts from last round of survey.


Chart 1: Mean Probability Pattern of Growth Forecast

1
  • For 2011-12, the domestic saving rate is forecast to be 33.0 per cent, the rate of gross fixed capital formation is projected to be 28.7 per cent and the private final consumption expenditure at current prices is expected to grow at the rate of 15.8 per cent, all of the three have revised downwards from last round (Table 2).
  • The forecasters were asked to assign probabilities to the possibility that WPI based inflation would fall into various ranges by the end of current financial year. They have assigned the highest probability (36.4 per cent) that it will fall in 6.0-6.9 per cent range by end-March of 2011-12, with an upward bias (Chart 2).

Table 2: Median Forecast of Savings and Capital Formation*

 

2011-12

2012-13

PFCE Growth Rate

15.8

14.7

(-0.2)

(-0.2)

GDS Rate

33.0

33.5

(-1.0)

(-1.1)

 of which Private Corp. Sector

8.0

9.0

(-0.5)

(0.0)

GFCF Rate

28.7

30.0

(-1.4)

(-2.0)

*: Figures in bracket are increase/decrease of forecasts from last round of survey.

Chart 2: Mean Probability Pattern of WPI-Inflation Projections

c2
  • The profit growth of corporate sector (of BSE listed companies) in 2011-12 has been projected to be 10.0 per cent, same as in the previous round survey. Broad money (M3) growth projection is revised downwards to 16.0 per cent in 2011-12 from the earlier forecast of 16.5 per cent. In 2011-12, bank credit is expected to grow at the rate of 17.0 per cent, revised downwards from the last round of survey (Table 3).

Table 3: Median Projections for Markets*

Growth Rates

2011-12

2012-13

 

End Period

2011-12

2012-13

M3

16.0

16.0

INR/USD

52.0

48.0

 

(-0.5)

(-1.0)

 

(+5.0)

(+3.0)

Bank Credit

17.0

18.0

T-Bill 91 days Yield in %

8.2

7.5

 

(-1.0)

(0.0)

 

(-0.1)

(-0.2)

CPAT

8.0

10.0

10 year Govt. Sec. Yield in %

8.3

7.9

 

(-1.8)

(0.0)

 

(0.0)

(-0.1)

*: Figures in bracket are increase/decrease of forecasts from last round of survey.
  • Central Government’s fiscal deficit is forecast at 5.7 per cent of GDP in 2011-12, and combined gross fiscal deficit of central and states is placed at 8.2 per cent of GDP in 2011-12, both revised upwards from the last survey (Table 4).

  • The forecasters expect repo rate to be at 8.50 per cent in end-March 2011-12, which is same as expected in the last survey (Table 5).

Table 4: Median Forecast for Fiscal Deficit*

 

2011-12

2012-13

Combined Gross Fiscal Deficit

8.2

7.8

 

 (+0.1)

(+0.4)

Central Govt. Fiscal Deficit

5.7

5.2

 

(+0.4)

(+0.3)

*:Figures in bracket are increase/decrease of forecasts from last round of survey.


Table 5: Median Forecast for Policy Rates*

End Period

2011-12

2012-13

 

8.50

7.50

Repo

(0.0)

(0.0)

 

6.00

5.50

CRR

(0.0)

(-0.50)

  • Both Exports and Imports growth have been revised downwards from last round survey. Exports are projected to grow at 17.5 per cent and Imports are predicted to grow by 20.6 per cent in 2011-12. Net surplus under invisibles is placed at US$ 102.0 billion in 2011-12, which is revised upwards from the last survey (Table 6).

Table 6: Median Forecasts for External Sector

2011-12

2012-13

Overall BoP (in US $ bn.)

7.5

5.8

Export (in US $ bn.)

290.6

331.2

Export (growth rate in %)

17.5

14.3

Import (in US $ bn.)

454.8

520.0

Import (growth rate in %)

20.6

14.4

Trade Balance (% of GDP)

-8.7

-8.6

Invisible Balance (US $ bn)

102.0

113.0

Current Account Balance (US $ bn)

-63.9

-68.0

Capital Account Balance (US $ bn)

63.6

74.1

2. Quarterly Forecasts:

  • The real GDP growth in the third quarter of 2011-12 is projected at 6.7 per cent, showing a downward revision from 7.7 per cent in the last survey. Median forecasts for the third quarter of 2011-12 for real GDP originating from agriculture, industry and services sectors are projected to be 3.3 per cent, 2.7 per cent and 8.9 per cent, respectively. The forecast has been revised upwards from 2.7 per cent for agriculture sector. For industry and services sectors, the forecast is revised downwards from 7.1 per cent and 9.2 per cent, respectively, in the last survey. There is a significant downward revision in Index of Industrial Production growth forecast in the third quarter of 2011-12 to 1.5 per cent, from 5.8 per cent in the last survey (Table 7).

Table 7: Median Forecasts for Quarterly GDP and IIP

Growth Rate in %

Q3: 11-12

Q4:11-12

Q1: 12-13

Q2: 12-13

Q3: 12-13

Overall GDP

6.7

7.0

6.8

7.1

7.3

Agri. & Allied Act.

3.3

3.5

3.0

3.2

3.3

Industry

2.7

3.8

4.4

5.1

5.8

Services

8.9

8.5

8.5

8.7

8.8

IIP

1.5

2.7

4.8

5.8

6.8

  • Forecasters’ median estimate for average WPI inflation in the fourth quarter of 2011-12 is at 6.8 per cent, which has been revised downwards from the last survey. For the first quarter of 2012-13, WPI-inflation forecast is 6.4 per cent (Table 8). The box plot of the WPI-inflation forecast is also presented in Chart 3.

Table 8: Median Forecast for WPI and CPI-IW Inflation: Quarterly

WPI

WPI-MP

CPI-IW

Q4:11-12

6.8

6.4

8.2

Q1:12-13

6.4

5.9

8.4

Q2:12-13

6.2

5.8

7.8

Q3:12-13

6.3

5.6

7.4


Chart 3: Box Plot for Quarterly WPI-Inflation

c3

3. Long Term Forecasts:

  • Long term forecast for real GDP for the next five years (2012-2016) is 8.0 per cent, which is same as the last survey. For the next ten years (2012-2021), the GDP is expected to grow at 8.4 per cent, which is revised upwards from the last survey (Table 9). Over the next five years, WPI inflation is expected to be 6.0 per cent, same as the last survey. CPI-IW inflation forecast over next five years remained unchanged at 7.0 per cent. Over the next ten years, WPI inflation is expected to be 5.9 per cent, revised marginally downwards from 6.0 per cent in last survey. CPI-IW inflation is revised upwards to 6.5 per cent from 6.2 per cent over the next ten years.

Table 9: Long Term Median Forecasts for Growth and Inflation

Growth rate in %

Next Five Years

Next Ten Years

Real GDP

8.0

8.4

WPI

6.0

5.9

CPI-IW

7.0

6.5


Annex

Table A.1 : Annual Forecasts for 2011-12

Key Macroeconomic Indicators

Annual Forecasts for 2011-12

Actuals for 2010-11

 

Mean

Median

Max

Min

1

Real GDP growth rate at factor cost (in per cent)

7.0

7.0

7.2

6.6

8.5#

a

Agriculture & Allied Activities

3.5

3.4

5.9

2.8

6.6#

b

Industry

4.2

4.1

5.5

2.4

7.8#

c

 Services

8.9

9.0

9.4

8.0

9.2#

2

Private Final Consumption Expenditure at current market price
(growth rate in per cent)

15.6

15.8

18.0

13.0

19.1#

3 Gross Domestic Saving (per cent of GDP at current market price)

33.1

33.0

34.0

32.1

 

of which Private Corporate Sector

8.0

8.0

8.5

7.5

4

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (per cent of GDP at current market price)

29.9

28.7

35.5

27.9

29.5#

5

Money Supply (M3) (growth rate in per cent)

15.9

16.0

17.0

14.0

16.0

6

Bank Credit (growth rate in per cent)

17.2

17.0

19.0

15.1

21.5

7

Combined Gross Fiscal Deficit (per cent of GDP)

8.4

8.2

12.0

6.8

7.7#

8

Central Govt. Fiscal Deficit (per cent of GDP)

5.8

5.7

8.0

5.2

5.1#

9

Corporate profit after tax (growth rate in per cent)

8.6

8.0

12.0

5.1

7.6

10

Repo (end period)

8.50

8.50

8.50

6.50

6.75

11

Reverse Repo (end period)

7.50

7.50

7.50

5.50

5.75

12

CRR (end period)

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.00

6.00

13

INR/ 1USD (RBI reference rate-end period)

51.50

52.00

55.25

48.00

44.65

14

T-Bill 91 days Yield (Weighted average cut-off yield)

8.27

8.19

8.70

8.00

8.2

15

10 year Govt. Securities Yield (per cent-average)

8.33

8.33

8.60

8.00

8.4

16

Overall Balance (in US $ bn.)

8.0

7.5

13.6

2.1

13.1@

17

Export (in US $ bn.)

289.4

290.6

304.0

268.0

250.5@

18

Export (growth rate in percent)

16.2

17.5

22.6

7.0

37.4@

Import (in US $ bn.)

451.0

454.8

479.0

405.0

380.9@

19

Import (Growth rate in percent)

19.6

20.6

27.8

6.3

26.7@

Trade Balance (% of GDP)

-8.8

-8.7

-6.4

-15.5

-7.6@

20

Invisible Balance (US $ bn)

97.4

102.0

112.0

67.0

86.2@

21

Current Account Balance (US $ bn)

-65.8

-63.9

-56.0

-91.3

-44.2@

22

Current Account Balance (% of GDP)

-6.4

-3.4

-2.9

-67.4

-2.6@

23

Capital Account Balance (US $ bn)

62.9

63.6

80.0

49.2

59.7@

24

Capital Account Balance (% of GDP)

6.9

3.5

64.9

2.5

3.5@

#: RE; @: Preliminary.


Table A.2 : Annual Forecasts for 2012-13

Key Macroeconomic Indicators

Annual Forecasts for 2012-13

Mean

Median

Max

Min

1

Real GDP growth rate at factor cost (in per cent)

7.1

7.3

8.0

6.1

a

Agriculture & Allied Activities

3.1

3.0

4.4

0.8

b

Industry

5.7

5.8

7.5

3.7

c

Services

8.7

8.8

9.4

7.5

2

Private Final Consumption Expenditure at current market price
(growth rate in per cent)

14.6

14.7

18.5

11.6

3

Gross Domestic Saving (per cent of GDP at current market price)

33.8

33.5

35.0

32.7

of which Private Corporate Sector

8.5

9.0

9.0

8.0

4

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (per cent of GDP at current market price)

30.6

30.0

36.0

27.8

5

Money Supply (M3) (growth rate in per cent)

16.3

16.0

18.5

15.0

6

Bank Credit (growth rate in per cent)

17.8

18.0

19.5

16.0

7

Combined Gross Fiscal Deficit (per cent of GDP)

7.9

7.8

11.0

6.5

8

Central Govt. Fiscal Deficit (per cent of GDP)

5.2

5.2

6.0

4.4

9

Corporate profit after tax (growth rate in per cent)

10.0

10.0

17.5

4.5

10

Repo (end period)

7.50

7.50

8.00

6.00

11

Reverse Repo (end period)

6.50

6.50

7.00

5.00

12

CRR (end period)

5.50

5.50

6.00

4.00

13

INR/ 1USD (RBI reference rate-end period)

48.33

48.00

50.00

46.00

14

T-Bill 91 days Yield (per cent-end period)

7.48

7.50

8.00

7.00

15

10 year Govt. Securities Yield (per cent-end period)

7.88

7.95

8.25

7.30

16

Overall Balance (in US $ bn.)

8.8

5.8

26.9

1.0

17

Export (in US $ bn.)

332.7

331.2

389.6

306.0

18

Export (growth rate in percent)

14.8

14.3

30.1

5.2

Import (in US $ bn.)

516.0

520.0

592.3

457.7

19

Import (Growth rate in percent)

14.3

14.4

27.2

4.3

Trade Balance (% of GDP)

-8.4

-8.6

-6.5

-9.7

20

Invisible Balance (US $ bn.)

114.0

113.0

155.0

84.0

21

Current Account Balance (US $ bn)

-66.4

-68.0

-40.0

-82.0

22

Current Account Balance (Growth in per cent)

-3.1

-3.1

-2.5

-3.6

23

Capital Account Balance (US $ bn)

74.5

74.1

94.0

59.0

24

Capital Account Balance (Growth in per cent)

3.4

3.5

3.8

2.8


Table A.3: Quarterly Forecasts Q3: 2011-12 to Q3: 2012-13

Quarterly Forecasts

Key Macroeconomic Indicators

Q2:11-12

Q3:11-12

Q4:11-12

Actuals

Mean

Median

Max

Min

Mean

Median

Max

Min

Real GDP growth rate at factor cost (per cent)

6.9

6.6

6.7

7.5

5.4

6.9

7.0

7.4

6.2

Agriculture & Allied Activities

3.2

3.7

3.3

7.3

2.0

3.9

3.5

8.3

2.0

Industry

2.8

2.5

2.7

4.2

0.3

3.2

3.8

5.2

0.0

Services

8.7

8.9

8.9

9.5

8.0

8.7

8.5

9.8

8.0

IIP growth rate (per cent)

3.1

1.7

1.5

7.7

-1.5

2.9

2.7

6.7

0.0

Private Final Consumption Expenditure (growth rate in per cent)

16.1

14.5

15.6

16.1

10.0

15.2

15.6

16.7

12.3

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (per cent of GDP at current market price)

28.0

27.6

27.8

28.5

25.0

28.7

28.6

31.0

27.0

Corporate profit after tax (growth rate in per cent)

-14.8

-3.1

-8.2

9.0

-10.0

3.4

7.0

11.2

-8.0

INR/ 1USD (RBI reference rate- end period)

48.9

52.7

53.0

53.3

51.0

51.7

52.0

55.3

48.0

Repo Rate (end period)

8.25

8.50

8.50

8.50

8.50

8.50

8.50

8.50

8.00

Reverse Repo Rate (end period)

7.25

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.50

7.00

CRR (end period)

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.00

BSE INDEX (end period)

16454

16652

15478

20200

15455

15617

15500

16850

14500

Export (US $ bn.)

66.4

66.4

73.3

60.0

70.4

73.0

75.3

62.0

Import (US $ bn.)

107.5

109.4

117.3

90.0

103.6

108.0

114.0

80.0

Trade Balance (US $ bn.)

-41.1

-42.4

-30.0

-46.9

-33.2

-34.0

-18.0

-40.4

Oil Price(in US$ per barrel)

108.79

105.5

107.4

108.0

100.0

108.7

108.3

120.0

100.0

*: Indian Basket; @: Preliminary.


A.3 (contd.)

Quarterly Forecasts

Key Macroeconomic Indicators

Q1:12-13

Q2:12-13

Q3:12-13

Mean

Median

Max

Min

Mean

Median

Max

Min

Mean

Median

Max

Min

Real GDP growth rate at factor cost (per cent)

6.9

6.8

7.8

6.2

7.1

7.1

7.9

6.6

7.3

7.3

8.1

6.0

Agriculture & Allied Activities

3.2

3.0

5.4

1.6

3.2

3.2

5.2

1.5

3.3

3.3

5.2

0.0

Industry

4.6

4.4

7.0

3.0

5.5

5.1

7.2

3.4

6.0

5.8

8.5

3.6

Services

8.6

8.5

9.4

7.8

8.5

8.7

9.1

7.8

8.8

8.8

9.6

7.8

IIP growth rate (per cent)

4.7

4.8

6.5

3.0

5.7

5.8

7.2

3.8

6.2

6.8

7.9

4.0

Private Final Consumption Expenditure (growth rate in per cent)

15.0

15.1

17.5

12.1

14.9

15.8

18.0

11.0

14.5

14.5

18.2

11.6

Gross Fixed Capital Formation (per cent of GDP at current market price)

28.9

28.2

30.5

27.8

29.1

28.8

31.5

27.0

29.1

29.2

32.0

27.0

Corporate profit after tax
(growth rate in per cent)

0.0

0.0

8.0

-8.0

2.0

2.0

9.0

-5.0

5.0

5.0

12.0

-2.0

INR/ 1USD (RBI reference rate- end period)

50.7

50.8

53.0

47.8

49.9

49.3

52.7

47.4

49.2

49.0

52.7

46.0

Repo Rate (end period)

8.00

8.00

8.50

7.50

8.00

8.00

8.50

7.00

7.50

7.50

8.25

7.00

Reverse Repo Rate (end period)

7.00

7.00

7.50

6.50

7.00

7.00

7.50

6.00

6.50

6.50

7.50

6.00

CRR (end period)

6.00

6.00

6.00

5.00

5.50

5.50

6.00

4.50

5.50

5.50

6.00

4.50

BSE INDEX (end period)

15667

16000

16500

14500

15667

15500

17000

14500

15833

15000

17500

15000

Export (US $ bn.)

76.9

76.0

85.7

70.0

80.1

75.9

91.7

74.6

79.9

76.7

101.7

70.2

Import (US $ bn.)

115.0

110.0

129.6

105.0

124.1

119.0

147.7

115.0

128.4

119.0

161.4

117.9

Trade Balance (US $ bn.)

-40.0

-43.8

-31.4

-45.8

-43.9

-40.2

-35.5

-56.0

-48.4

-47.0

-41.8

-59.7

Oil Price (in US$ per barrel)

106.9

110.0

112.0

100.0

106.9

105.0

115.0

100.0

105.0

100.0

115.0

95.0


Table A.4: Forecasts for WPI and CPI-IW

 

WPI

WPI-MP

CPI-IW

 

Mean

Median

Max

Min

Mean

Median

Max

Min

Mean

Median

Max

Min

Q4:11-12

6.8

6.8

7.9

6.1

6.4

6.4

7.4

5.2

8.1

8.2

8.5

7.2

Q1:12-13

6.3

6.4

7.4

5.1

5.7

5.9

7.1

4.3

8.2

8.4

9.3

7.0

Q2:12-13

6.2

6.2

7.8

4.7

5.6

5.8

7.2

4.3

7.9

7.8

10.0

6.5

Q3:12-13

6.2

6.3

7.6

5.1

5.6

5.6

7.5

4.3

7.2

7.4

8.0

6.5


Table A.5: Mean probabilities attached to possible outcomes of GDP

Growth Range

Forecasts for 2011-12

Forecasts for 2012-13

Below 3 per cent

0.0

0.0

3 to 3.4 per cent

0.0

0.0

3.5 to 3.9 per cent

0.0

0.0

4 to 4.4 per cent

0.0

0.1

4.5 to 4.9 per cent

0.0

0.2

5 to 5.4 per cent

0.3

0.3

5.5 to 5.9 per cent

0.4

2.3

6 to 6.4 per cent

7.1

10.7

6.5 to 6.9 per cent

35.8

24.3

7 to 7.4 per cent

44.2

32.2

7.5 to 7.9 per cent

9.1

15.7

8 to 8.4 per cent

2.4

12.4

8.5 to 8.9 per cent

0.4

1.2

9 to 9.4 per cent

0.3

0.3

9.5 to 9.9 per cent

0.1

0.2

10 to 10.4 per cent

0.0

0.0

10.5 to 10.9 per cent

0.0

0.0

11 to 11.4 per cent

0.0

0.0

11.5 to 11.9 per cent

0.0

0.0

12 percent or more

0.0

0.0


Table A.6: Mean probabilities attached to possible outcomes of WPI

Growth Range

Forecasts for End-March
2011-12

Forecasts for End-March 2012-13

 Below -3 per cent

0.0

0.0

-3 to -2.1 per cent

0.0

0.0

-2 to -1.1 per cent

0.0

0.0

-1 to -0.1 per cent

0.0

0.0

0 to 0.9 per cent

0.0

0.0

1 to 1.9 per cent

0.0

0.1

2 to 2.9 per cent

0.0

0.1

3 to 3.9 per cent

0.2

0.8

4 to 4.9 per cent

0.4

8.0

5 to 5.9 per cent

4.5

23.5

6 to 6.9 per cent

36.4

38.5

7 to 7.9 per cent

34.6

22.9

8 to 8.9 per cent

12.9

4.9

9 to 9.9 per cent

10.3

0.5

10 to 10.9 per cent

0.3

0.3

11 to 11.9 per cent

0.2

0.2

12 to 12.9 per cent

0.1

0.1

13 to 13.9 per cent

0.0

0.0

14 to 14.9 per cent

0.0

0.0

15 per cent and above

0.0

0.0


Table A.7: Annual Average Percentage Change

Annual average percentage change over
the next five years

Annual average percentage change over the next ten years

 

Real GDP

WPI Inflation

CPI-IW Inflation

 

Real
GDP

WPI Inflation

CPI-IW Inflation

Minimum

7.0

4.5

6.0

Minimum

7.3

4.5

5.0

Lower Quartile

7.8

6.0

6.7

Lower Quartile

8.0

5.2

6.0

Median

8.0

6.0

7.0

Median

8.4

5.9

6.5

Upper Quartile

8.3

6.5

7.5

Upper Quartile

8.6

6.0

6.9

Maximum

9.5

7.0

8.0

Maximum

10.5

6.5

7.0

Mean

8.1

6.1

7.1

Mean

8.4

5.7

6.3

S.D

0.6

0.7

0.6

S.D

0.8

0.6

0.7


1Growth rates wherever indicated are the median forecasts.

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