Master Circular - Prudential norms for classification, valuation and operation of investment portfolio by banks - RBI - Reserve Bank of India
Master Circular - Prudential norms for classification, valuation and operation of investment portfolio by banks
| RBI/2007-2008/54 July 2, 2007 All Commercial Banks Dear Sir, Master Circular – Prudential norms for classification, Please refer to the Master Circular No. DBOD. BP. BC.14 / 21.04.141/ 2006-07 dated July 1, 2006 consolidating instructions/guidelines issued to banks till June 30, 2006 on matters relating to prudential norms for classification, valuation and operation of investment portfolio by banks. The Master Circular has been suitably updated by incorporating instructions issued up to June 30, 2007 and has also been placed on the RBI web-site (http://www.rbi.org.in). 2. We advise that this revised Master Circular consolidates the instructions contained in the circulars issued by the RBI, as listed in Appendix. Yours faithfully,
The guidelines have become redundant. Please refer to Reserve Bank of India (Classification, Valuation and Operation of Investment Portfolio of Commercial Banks) Directions, 2021. MASTER CIRCULAR – PRUDENTIAL NORMS FOR CLASSIFICATION, Table of Contents MASTER CIRCULAR – PRUDENTIAL NORMS FOR CLASSIFICATION, With the introduction of prudential norms on capital adequacy, income recognition, asset classification and provisioning requirements, the financial position of banks in India has improved in the last few years. Simultaneously, trading in securities market has improved in terms of turnover and the range of maturities dealt with. In view of these developments and taking into consideration the evolving international practices, Reserve Bank of India has issued guidelines on classification, valuation and operation of investment portfolio by banks from time to time as detailed below: i) Banks should frame Internal Investments Policy Guidelines and obtain the Board’s approval. The investment policy may be suitably framed/amended to include PD activities also. Within the overall framework of the investment policy, the PD business undertaken by the bank will be limited to dealing, underwriting and market –making in Government Securities. Investments in Corporate/PSUs/FIs bonds, Commercial Papers, Certificate of Deposits, debt mutual funds and other fixed income securities will not be deemed to be part of PD business. The investment policy guidelines should be implemented to ensure that operations in securities are conducted in accordance with sound and acceptable business practices. While framing the investment policy, the following guidelines are to be kept in view by the banks: (a) Banks may sell a government security already contracted for purchase, provided: i. the purchase contract is confirmed prior to the sale,
(b) Banks successful in the auction of primary issue of government securities, may enter into contracts for sale of the allotted securities in accordance with the terms and conditions as per Annexure I-C. (c). The settlement of all outright secondary market transactions in Government Securities will be done on a standardized T+1 basis effective May 24, 2005. (d) All the transactions put through by a bank, either on outright basis or ready forward basis and whether through the mechanism of Subsidiary General Ledger (SGL) Account or Bank Receipt (BR), should be reflected on the same day in its investment account and, accordingly, for SLR purpose wherever applicable. (e) The brokerage on the deal payable to the broker, if any, (if the deal was put through with the help of a broker) should be clearly indicated on the notes/ memoranda put up to the top management seeking approval for putting through the transaction and a separate account of brokerage paid, broker-wise, should be maintained. (f) For issue of BRs, the banks should adopt the format prescribed by the Indian Banks' Association (IBA) and strictly follow the guidelines prescribed by them in this regard. The banks, subject to the above, could issue BRs covering their own sale transactions only and should not issue BRs on behalf of their constituents, including brokers. (g) The banks should be circumspect while acting as agents of their broker clients for carrying out transactions in securities on behalf of brokers. (h) Any instance of return of SGL form from the Public Debt Office of the Reserve Bank for want of sufficient balance in the account should be immediately brought to Reserve Bank's notice with the details of the transactions. (i) Banks desirous of making investment in equity shares/ debentures should observe the following guidelines: iii. The decision in regard to direct investment in shares, convertible bonds and debentures should be taken by the Investment Committee set up by the bank's Board. The Investment Committee should be held accountable for the investments made by the bank. ii) With the approval of respective Boards, banks should clearly lay down the broad investment objectives to be followed while undertaking transactions in securities on their own investment account and on behalf of clients, clearly define the authority to put through deals, procedure to be followed for obtaining the sanction of the appropriate authority, procedure to be followed while putting through deals, various prudential exposure limits and the reporting system. While laying down such investment policy guidelines, banks should strictly observe Reserve Bank's detailed instructions on the following aspects: iii) The aforesaid instructions will be applicable mutatis mutandis, to the subsidiaries and mutual funds established by banks, except where they are contrary to or inconsistent with, specific regulations of Securities and Exchange Board of India and Reserve Bank of India governing their operations. 1.2.1 Ready Forward Contracts in Government Securities. The terms and conditions subject to which ready forward contracts (including (b) Ready forward contracts in the above mentioned securities may be entered into by: i) persons or entities maintaining a Subsidiary General Ledger (SGL) account with Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai and ii) the following categories of entities who do not maintain SGL accounts with the Reserve Bank of India but maintain gilt accounts (i.e gilt account holders) with a bank or any other entity (i.e. the custodian) permitted by the Reserve Bank of India to maintain Constituent Subsidiary General Ledger (CSGL) account with its Public Debt Office, Mumbai: (3) The counterparty to the listed companies for repo / reverse repo transactions should be either a bank or a Primary Dealer maintaining SGL Account with the Reserve Bank. (c) All persons or entities specified at (ii) above can enter into ready forward transactions among themselves subject to the following restrictions: i) An SGL account holder may not enter into a ready forward contract with its own constituent. That is, ready forward contracts should not be undertaken between a custodian and its gilt account holder. ii) Any two gilt account holders maintaining their gilt accounts with the same custodian (i.e., the CSGL account holder) may not enter into ready forward contracts with each other, and iii) Cooperative banks may not enter into ready forward contracts with the non-banking financial companies. This restriction would not apply to repo transactions between Urban Co-operative banks and authorised Primary Dealers in Government Securities. (d) All ready forward contracts shall be reported on the Negotiated Dealing System (NDS). In respect of ready forward contracts involving gilt account holders, the custodian (i.e., the CSGL account holder) with whom the gilt accounts are maintained will be responsible for reporting the deals on the NDS on behalf of the constituents (i.e. the gilt account holders). (e) All ready forward contracts shall be settled through the SGL Account / CSGL Account maintained with the Reserve Bank of India, Mumbai, with the Clearing Corporation of India Ltd. (CCIL) acting as the central counter party for all such ready forward transactions. (f) The custodians should put in place an effective system of internal control and concurrent audit to ensure that: ii) all such transactions are promptly reported on the NDS, and iii) other terms and conditions referred to above have been complied with. (g) The RBI regulated entities can undertake ready forward transactions only in securities held in excess of the prescribed Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) requirements. (h) No sale transaction shall be put through, in the first leg of a ready forward transaction by CSGL constituent entities, without actually holding the securities in the portfolio. (i) Securities purchased under the ready forward contracts shall not be sold during the period of the contract except by entities permitted to undertake short selling. (j) Double ready forward deals in any security are strictly prohibited (k) The guidelines for uniform accounting for Repo / Reverse Repo transactions are furnished in paragraph 4. 1.2.2 Transactions through SGL account The following instructions should be followed by banks for purchase/ sale of securities through SGL A/c under the Delivery Versus Payment (DVP) System wherein the transfer of securities takes place simultaneously with the transfer of funds. It is, therefore, necessary for both the selling bank and the buying bank to maintain current account with the RBI. As no Overdraft facility in the current account would be extended, adequate balance in current account should be maintained by banks for effecting any purchase transaction. ii) Under no circumstances, a SGL transfer form issued by a bank in favour of another bank should bounce for want of sufficient balance of securities in the SGL A/c of seller or for want of sufficient balance of funds in the current a/c of the buyer. iii) The SGL transfer form received by purchasing banks should be deposited in their SGL A/cs. immediately i.e. the date of lodgement of the SGL Form with RBI shall be within one working day after the date of signing of the Transfer Form. While in cases of OTC trades, the settlement has to be only on 'spot' delivery basis as per Section 2(i) of the Securities Contract Act, 1956, in cases of deals on the recognised Stock Exchanges, settlement should be within the delivery period as per their rules, bye laws and regulations. In all cases, participants must indicate the deal/trade/contract date in Part C of the SGL Form under 'Sale date'. Where this is not completed the SGL Form will not be accepted by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). iv) No sale should be effected by way of return of SGL form held by the bank. v) SGL transfer forms should be signed by two authorised officials of the bank whose signatures should be recorded with the respective PDOs of the Reserve Bank and other banks. vi) The SGL transfer forms should be in the standard format prescribed by the Reserve Bank and printed on semi-security paper of uniform size. They should be serially numbered and there should be a control system in place to account for each SGL form. vii) If a SGL transfer form bounces for want of sufficient balance in the SGL A/c, the (selling) bank which has issued the form will be liable to the following penal action against it : a) The amount of the SGL form (cost of purchase paid by the purchaser of the security) would be debited immediately to the current account of the selling bank with the Reserve Bank. b) In the event of an overdraft arising in the current account following such a debit, penal interest would be charged by the Reserve Bank on the amount of the overdraft at a rate of 3 percentage points above the Discount and Finance House of India's (DFHI) call money lending rate on the day in question. However, if the DFHI's closing call money rate is lower than the prime lending rate of banks, as stipulated in the Reserve Bank's interest rate directive in force, the applicable penal rate to be charged will be 3 percentage points above the prime lending rate of the bank concerned, and c) If the bouncing of the SGL form occurs thrice, the bank will be debarred from trading with the use of the SGL facility for a period of 6 months from the occurrence of the third bouncing. If, after restoration of the facility, any SGL form of the concerned bank bounces again, the bank will be permanently debarred from the use of the SGL facility in all the PDOs of the Reserve Bank. d) The bouncing on account of insufficient balance in the current account of the buying bank would be reckoned (against the buying bank concerned) for the purpose of debarment from the use of SGL facility on par with the bouncing on account of insufficient balance in SGL a/c. of the selling bank (against selling bank). Instances of bouncing in both the accounts (i.e SGL a/c and current a/c) will be reckoned together against the SGL account holder concerned for the purpose of debarment (i.e three in a half-year for temporary suspension and any bouncing after restoration of SGL facility, for permanent debarment.) 1.2.3 Use of Bank Receipt (BR) i) The banks should follow the following instructions for issue of BRs : i. The scrips are yet to be issued by the issuer and the bank is holding the allotment advice. ii. The security is physically held at a different centre and the bank is in a position to physically transfer the security and give delivery thereof within a short period. iii. The security has been lodged for transfer / interest payment and the bank is holding necessary records of such lodgements and will be in a position to give physical delivery of the security within a short period. (c) No BR should be issued on the basis of a BR (of another bank) held by the bank and no transaction should take place on the basis of a mere exchange of BRs held by the bank. (d) BRs could be issued covering transactions relating to banks' own Investments Accounts only, and no BR should be issued by banks covering transactions relating to either the Accounts of Portfolio Management Scheme (PMS) Clients or Other Constituents' Accounts, including brokers. (e) No BR should remain outstanding for more than 15 days. (f) A BR should be redeemed only by actual delivery of scrips and not by cancellation of the transaction/set off against another transaction. If a BR is not redeemed by delivery of scrips within the validity period of 15 days, the BR should be deemed as dishonoured and the bank which has issued the BR should refer the case to the RBI, explaining the reasons under which the scrips could not be delivered within the stipulated period and the proposed manner of settlement of the transaction. (g) BRs should be issued on semi-security paper, in the standard format (prescribed by IBA), serially numbered and signed by two authorised officials of the bank, whose signatures are recorded with other banks. As in the case of SGL forms, there should be a control system in place to account for each BR form. (h) Separate registers of BRs issued and BRs received should be maintained and arrangements should be put in place to ensure that these are systematically followed up and liquidated within the stipulated time limit. (i) The banks should also have a proper system for the custody of unused B.R. Forms and their utilisation. The existence and operations of these controls at the concerned offices/ departments of the bank should be reviewed, among others, by the statutory auditors and a certificate to this effect may be forwarded every year to the Regional Office of DBS, under whose jurisdiction the Head Office of the bank is located. (j) Any violation of the instructions relating to BRs would invite penal action, which could include raising of reserve requirements, withdrawals of refinance facility from the Reserve Bank and denial of access to money markets. The Reserve Bank may also levy such other penalty as it may deem fit in accordance with the provisions of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949. 1.2.4 Retailing of Government Securities The banks may undertake retailing of Government securities with non-bank clients subject to the following conditions: 1.2.5 Internal Control System (b) For every transaction entered into, the trading desk should prepare a deal slip which should contain data relating to nature of the deal, name of the counter-party, whether it is a direct deal or through a broker, and if through a broker, name of the broker, details of security, amount, price, contract date and time. The deal slips should be serially numbered and controlled separately to ensure that each deal slip has been properly accounted for. Once the deal is concluded, the dealer should immediately pass on the deal slip to the back office for recording and processing. For each deal there must be a system of issue of confirmation to the counterparty. The timely receipt of requisite written confirmation from the counterparty, which must include all essential details of the contract, should be monitored by the back office. (c) With respect to transactions matched on the NDS-OM module, since CCIL is the central counterparty to all deals, exposure of any counterparty for a trade is only to CCIL and not to the entity with whom a deal matches. Besides, details of all deals on NDSOM are available to the counterparties as and when required by way of reports on NDS-OM itself. In view of the above, the need for counterparty confirmation of deals matched on NDS-OM does not arise. However, all government securities transactions, other than those matched on NDS-OM, will continue to be physically confirmed by the back offices of the counterparties, as hitherto. (d) Once a deal has been concluded, there should not be any substitution of the counter party bank by another bank by the broker, through whom the deal has been entered into; likewise, the security sold/purchased in the deal should not be substituted by another security. (e) On the basis of vouchers passed by the back office (which should be done after verification of actual contract notes received from the broker/ counterparty and confirmation of the deal by the counterparty), the Accounts Section should independently write the books of account. (f) In the case of transaction relating to PMS Clients' Accounts (including brokers), all the relative records should give a clear indication that the transaction belongs to PMS Clients/ other constituents and does not belong to bank's own Investment Account and the bank is acting only in its fiduciary/ agency capacity. (g) (i) Records of SGL transfer forms issued/ received, should be maintained. (ii) Balances as per bank's books should be reconciled at quarterly intervals with the balances in the books of PDOs. If the number of transactions so warrant, the reconciliation should be undertaken more frequently, say on a monthly basis. This reconciliation should be periodically checked by the internal audit department. (iii) Any bouncing of SGL transfer forms issued by selling banks in favour of the buying bank, should immediately be brought to the notice of the Regional Office of Department of Banking Supervision of RBI by the buying bank. (iv) A record of BRs issued/ received should be maintained. (v) A system for verification of the authenticity of the BRs and SGL transfer forms received from the other banks and confirmation of authorised signatories should be put in place. (h) Banks should put in place a reporting system to report to the top management, on a weekly basis, the details of transactions in securities, details of bouncing of SGL transfer forms issued by other banks and BRs outstanding for more than one month and a review of investment transactions undertaken during the period. (i) Banks should not draw cheques on their account with the Reserve Bank for third party transactions, including inter-bank transactions. For such transactions, bankers' cheques/ pay orders should be issued. (j) In case of investment in shares, the surveillance and monitoring of investment should be done by the Audit Committee of the Board, which shall review in each of its meetings, the total exposure of the bank to capital market both fund based and non-fund based, in different forms as stated above and ensure that the guidelines issued by RBI are complied with and adequate risk management and internal control systems are in place; (k) The Audit Committee should keep the Board informed about the overall exposure to capital market, the compliance with the RBI and Board guidelines, adequacy of risk management and internal control systems; (l) In order to avoid any possible conflict of interest, it should be ensured that the stockbrokers as directors on the Boards of banks or in any other capacity, do not involve themselves in any manner with the Investment Committee or in the decisions in regard to making investments in shares, etc., or advances against shares. (m) The internal audit department should audit the transactions in securities on an on going basis, monitor the compliance with the laid down management policies and prescribed procedures and report the deficiencies directly to the management of the bank. (n) The banks' managements should ensure that there are adequate internal control and audit procedures for ensuring proper compliance of the instructions in regard to the conduct of the investment portfolio. The banks should institute a regular system of monitoring compliance with the prudential and other guidelines issued by the RBI. The banks should get compliance in key areas certified by their statutory auditors and furnish such audit certificate to the Regional Office of Department of Banking Supervision of RBI under whose jurisdiction the HO of the bank falls. 1.2.6 Engagement of brokers (a) Transactions between one bank and another bank should not be put through the brokers' accounts. The brokerage on the deal payable to the broker, if any (if the deal was put through with the help of a broker), should be clearly indicated on the notes/memorandum put up to the top management seeking approval for putting through the transaction and separate account of brokerage paid, broker-wise, should be maintained. (b) If a deal is put through with the help of a broker, the role of the broker should be restricted to that of bringing the two parties to the deal together. (c) While negotiating the deal, the broker is not obliged to disclose the identity of the counterparty to the deal. On conclusion of the deal, he should disclose the counterparty and his contract note should clearly indicate the name of the counterparty. It should also be ensured by the bank that the broker note contains the exact time of the deal. Their back offices may ensure that the deal time on the broker note and the deal ticket is the same. The bank should also ensure that their concurrent auditors audit this aspect. (d) On the basis of the contract note disclosing the name of the counterparty, settlement of deals between banks, viz. both fund settlement and delivery of security should be directly between the banks and the broker should have no role to play in the process. (e) With the approval of their top managements, banks should prepare a panel of approved brokers which should be reviewed annually or more often if so warranted. Clear-cut criteria should be laid down for empanelment of brokers, including verification of their creditworthiness, market reputation, etc. A record of broker-wise details of deals put through and brokerage paid, should be maintained. (f) A disproportionate part of the business should not be transacted through only one or a few brokers. Banks should fix aggregate contract limits for each of the approved brokers. A limit of 5% of total transactions (both purchase and sales) entered into by a bank during a year should be treated as the aggregate upper contract limit for each of the approved brokers. This limit should cover both the business initiated by a bank and the business offered/ brought to the bank by a broker. Banks should ensure that the transactions entered into through individual brokers during a year normally did not exceed this limit. However, if for any reason it becomes necessary to exceed the aggregate limit for any broker, the specific reasons therefor should be recorded, in writing, by the authority empowered to put through the deals. Further, the board should be informed of this, post facto. However, the norm of 5% would not be applicable to banks' dealings through Primary Dealers. (g) The concurrent auditors who audit the treasury operations should scrutinise the business done through brokers also and include it in their monthly report to the Chief Executive Officer of the bank. Besides, the business put through any individual broker or brokers in excess of the limit, with the reasons therefor, should be covered in the half-yearly review to the Board of Directors/ Local Advisory Board. These instructions also apply to subsidiaries and mutual funds of the banks. Explanation: Certain clarifications on the instructions are furnished in the Annexure II. ii) Inter-bank securities transactions should be undertaken directly between banks and no bank should engage the services of any broker in such transactions. Exceptions : Note (ii) Although the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956 defines the term `securities' to mean corporate shares, debentures, Govt. securities and rights or interest in securities, the term `securities' would exclude corporate shares. The Provident/ Pension Funds and Trusts registered under the Indian Trusts Act, 1882, will be outside the purview of the expression `non-bank clients' for the purpose of note (i) above. 1.2.7 Audit, review and reporting of investment transactions The banks should follow the following instructions in regard to audit, review and reporting of investment transactions: a) Banks should undertake a half-yearly review (as of 30 September and 31 March) of their investment portfolio, which should, apart from other operational aspects of investment portfolio, clearly indicate amendments made to the Investment Policy and certify adherence to laid down internal investment policy and procedures and Reserve Bank guidelines, and put up the same before their respective Boards within a month, i.e by end-April and end-October. b) A copy of the review report put up to the Bank's Board, should be forwarded to the Reserve Bank (concerned Regional Office of DBS) by 15 November and 15 May respectively. c) In view of the possibility of abuse, treasury transactions should be separately subjected to concurrent audit by internal auditors and the results of their audit should be placed before the CMD of the bank once every month. Banks need not forward copies of the above mentioned concurrent audit reports to Reserve Bank of India. However, the major irregularities observed in these reports and the position of compliance thereto may be incorporated in the half yearly review of the investment portfolio. 1.2.8 Non- SLR investments ii) Disclosure requirements in offer documents (iii) Internal assessment (a) The Boards of banks should lay down policy and prudential limits on investments in bonds and debentures including cap and on private placement basis, sub limits for PSU bonds, corporate bonds, guaranteed bonds, issuer ceiling, etc. (b) Investment proposals should be subjected to the same degree of credit risk analysis as any loan proposal. Banks should make their own internal credit analysis and rating even in respect of rated issues and should not entirely rely on the ratings of external agencies. The appraisal should be more stringent in respect of investments in instruments issued by non-borrower customers. (c) Strengthen their internal rating systems which should also include building up of a system of regular (quarterly or half-yearly) tracking of the financial position of the issuer with a view to ensuring continuous monitoring of the rating migration of the issuers/issues. (d) As a matter of prudence, banks should stipulate entry level minimum ratings/ quality standards and industry-wise, maturity-wise, duration-wise, issuer-wise etc. limits to mitigate the adverse impacts of concentration and the risk of illiquidity. (e) The banks should put in place proper risk management systems for capturing and analysing the risk in respect of these investments and taking remedial measures in time. (iv) Some banks / FIs have not exercised due precaution by reference to the list of defaulters circulated / published by RBI while investing in bonds, debentures, etc., of companies. Banks may, therefore, exercise due caution while taking any investment decision to subscribe to bonds, debentures, shares etc., and refer to the ‘Defaulters List’ to ensure that investments are not made in companies / entities who are defaulters to banks / FIs. Some of the companies may be undergoing adverse financial position turning their accounts to sub-standard category due to recession in their industry segment, like textiles. Despite restructuring facility provided under RBI guidelines, the banks have been reported to be reluctant to extend further finance, though considered warranted on merits of the case. Banks may not refuse proposals for such investments in companies whose director’s name(s) find place in the defaulter companies list circulated by RBI at periodical intervals and particularly in respect of those loan accounts, which have been restructured under extant RBI guidelines, provided the proposal is viable and satisfies all parameters for such credit extension. Prudential guidelines on investment in Non-SLR securities 1.2.10 The guidelines on listing and rating pertaining to non-SLR securities issued vide Circulars dated November 12, 2003 and December 10, 2003 are not applicable to banks’ investments in : 1.2.11 Definitions of a few terms used in these guidelines have been furnished in Annexure IV with a view to ensure uniformity in approach while implementing the guidelines. 1.2.12 Banks should not invest in Non-SLR securities of original maturity of less than one-year, other than Commercial Paper and Certificates of Deposits which are covered under RBI guidelines. 1.2.13 Banks should undertake usual due diligence in respect of investments in non-SLR securities. Present RBI regulations preclude banks from extending credit facilities for certain purposes. Banks should ensure that such activities are not financed by way of funds raised through the non- SLR securities. 1.2.15 The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) vide their circular dated September 30, 2003 have stipulated requirements that listed companies are required to comply with, for making issue of debt securities on a private placement basis and listed on a stock exchange. According to this circular any listed company, making issue of debt securities on a private placement basis and listed on a stock exchange, has to make full disclosures (initial and continuing) in the manner prescribed in Schedule II of the Companies Act 1956, SEBI (Disclosure and Investor Protection) Guidelines, 2000 and the Listing Agreement with the exchanges. Furthermore, the debt securities shall carry a credit rating of not less than investment grade from a Credit Rating Agency registered with the SEBI. 1.2.16 Accordingly, while making fresh investments in non-SLR debt securities, banks should ensure that such investment are made only in listed debt securities of companies which comply with the requirements of the SEBI circular dated September 30, 2003, except to the extent indicated in paragraphs 1.2.17 and 1.2.18 below. Fixing of prudential limits 1.2.18 Bank’s investment in unlisted non-SLR securities may exceed the limit of 10 per cent, by an additional 10 per cent, provided the investment is on account of investment in securitisation papers issued for infrastructure projects, and bonds/debentures issued by Securitisation Companies and Reconstruction Companies set up under the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 and registered with RBI. In other words investment exclusively in securities specified in this paragraph could be up to the maximum permitted limit of 20 per cent of non-SLR investment. 1.2.19 Investment in the following will not be reckoned as ‘unlisted non-SLR securities’ for computing compliance with the prudential limits prescribed in the above guidelines: 1.2.20 The investments in RIDF / SIDBI Deposits may not be reckoned as part of the numerator for computing compliance with the prudential limit of 10 per cent of its total non-SLR securities as on March 31, of the previous year. 1.2.21 With effect from January 1, 2005 only investment in units of such mutual fund schemes which have an exposure to unlisted securities of less than 10 per cent of the corpus of the fund will be treated on par with listed securities for the purpose of compliance with the prudential limits prescribed in the above guidelines. While computing the exposure to the unlisted securities for compliance with the norm of less than 10 percent of the corpus of the mutual fund scheme, Treasury Bills, Collateralised Borrowing and Lending Obligations (CBLO), Repo/Reverse Repo and Bank Fixed Deposits may not be included in the numerator. 1.2.22 For the purpose of the prudential limits prescribed in the guidelines, the denominator viz., 'non-SLR investments', would include investment under the following four categories in Schedule 8 to the balance sheet viz., 'shares', 'bonds & debentures', 'subsidiaries/joint ventures' and 'others'. 1.2.23 Banks whose investment in unlisted non-SLR securities are within the prudential limit of 10 per cent of its total non-SLR securities as on March 31, of the previous year may make fresh investment in such securities and up to the prudential limits. Role of Boards 1.2.26 Boards of banks should review the following aspects of non-SLR investment at least at quarterly intervals: b) Compliance with the prudential limits prescribed by the Board for non-SLR investment. c) Compliance with the prudential guidelines issued by Reserve Bank on non-SLR securities. d) Rating migration of the issuers/ issues held in the bank’s books and consequent diminution in the portfolio quality. e) Extent of non performing investments in the non-SLR category. Disclosures 1.2.28 Banks should disclose the details of the issuer composition of non-SLR investments and the non-performing non-SLR investments in the ‘Notes on Accounts’ of the balance sheet, as indicated in Annexure V. Trading and settlement in debt securities A. Solo Basis 1.3 General 1.3.2 Transactions in securities - Custodial functions 1.3.3 Portfolio Management on behalf of clients i) The general powers vested in banks to operate PMS and similar schemes have been withdrawn. No bank should, therefore, restart or introduce any new PMS or similar scheme in future without obtaining specific prior approval of the Reserve Bank. However, bank-sponsored NBFCs are allowed to offer discretionary PMS to their clients, on a case to case basis. Applications in this regard should be submitted to the Department of Banking Operations and Development, World Trade Centre, Mumbai – 400 005. ii) The following conditions are to be strictly observed by the banks operating PMS or similar scheme with the specific prior approval of RBI: (b) Funds should not be accepted for portfolio management for a period less than one year. (c) Portfolio funds should not be deployed for lending in call/notice money, inter-bank term deposits and bills rediscounting markets and lending to/placement with corporate bodies. (d) Banks should maintain client wise account/record of funds accepted for management and investments made there against and the portfolio clients should be entitled to get a statement of account. (e) Bank's own investments and investments belonging to PMS clients should be kept distinct from each other, and any transactions between the bank's investment account and client's portfolio account should be strictly at market rates. (f) There should be a clear functional separation of trading and back office functions relating to banks’ own investment accounts and PMS clients' accounts. iii) PMS clients' accounts should be subjected by banks to a separate audit by external auditors as covered in paragraph 1.2.5 (i) (a). iv) Banks should note that violation of RBI's instructions will be viewed seriously and will invite deterrent action against the banks which will include raising of reserve requirements, withdrawal of facility of refinance from the Reserve Bank and denial of access to money markets, apart from prohibiting the banks from undertaking PMS activity. v) Further, the aforesaid instructions will apply, mutatis mutandis, to the subsidiaries of banks except where they are contrary to specific regulations of the Reserve Bank or the Securities and Exchange Board of India, governing their operations. vi) Banks/ merchant banking subsidiaries of banks operating PMS or similar scheme with the specific prior approval of the RBI are also required to comply with the guidelines contained in the SEBI (Portfolio Managers) Rules and Regulations, 1993 and those issued from time to time. 2. Classification
viz. a) Government securities, 2.1 Held to Maturity (a) Fresh re-capitalisation bonds received from the Government of India towards their re-capitalisation requirement and held in their investment portfolio. This will not include re-capitalisation bonds of other banks acquired for investment purposes. (b) Fresh investment in the equity of subsidiaries and joint ventures. (c) RIDF / SIDBI deposits (a) SLR Securities upto 25 percent of their DTL as on the last Friday of the second preceding fortnight. (b) Non-SLR securities included under HTM as on September 2, 2004. (c) Fresh re-capitalisation bonds received from the Government of India towards their re-capitalisation requirement and held in Investment portfolio. (d) Fresh investment in the equity of subsidiaries and joint ventures ( A Joint Venture would be one in which bank, along with its subsidiaries, holds more than 25 percent of the equity). (e) RIDF/SIDBI deposits. (vi) Profit on sale of investments in this category should be first taken to the Profit & Loss Account and thereafter be appropriated to the ‘Capital Reserve Account’. Loss on sale will be recognised in the Profit & Loss Account. (vii) Banks were advised that debentures/ bonds must be treated in the nature of an advance when:
or The debenture/bond is issued as part of the proposal for working capital finance and the tenure of the debenture/ bond is less than a period of one year and
and
Since, no fresh non-SLR securities are permitted to be included in the HTM category, these investments should not be held under HTM category. These investments would be subject to mark to market discipline. They would be subjected to prudential norms for identification of non performing investment and provisioning as applicable to investments. 2.2 Available for Sale & Held for Trading ii) The securities which do not fall within the above two categories will be classified under Available for Sale iii) The banks will have the freedom to decide on the extent of holdings under Available for Sale and Held for Trading categories. This will be decided by them after considering various aspects such as basis of intent, trading strategies, risk management capabilities, tax planning, manpower skills, capital position. iv) The investments classified under Held for Trading category would be those from which the bank expects to make a gain by the movement in the interest rates/ market rates. These securities are to be sold within 90 days. v) Profit or loss on sale of investments in both the categories will be taken to the Profit & Loss Account. i) Banks may shift investments to/from Held to Maturity category with the approval of the Board of Directors once a year. Such shifting will normally be allowed at the beginning of the accounting year. No further shifting to/ from this category will be allowed during the remaining part of that accounting year. ii) Banks may shift investments from Available for Sale category to Held for Trading category with the approval of their Board of Directors/ ALCO/ Investment Committee. In case of exigencies, such shifting may be done with the approval of the Chief Executive of the bank/ Head of the ALCO, but should be ratified by the Board of Directors/ ALCO. iii) Shifting of investments from Held for Trading category to Available for Sale category is generally not allowed. However, it will be permitted only under exceptional circumstances like not being able to sell the security within 90 days due to tight liquidity conditions, or extreme volatility, or market becoming unidirectional. Such transfer is permitted only with the approval of the Board of Directors/ ALCO/ Investment Committee. iv) Transfer of scrips from one category to another, under all circumstances, should be done at the acquisition cost/ book value/ market value on the date of transfer, whichever is the least, and the depreciation, if any, on such transfer should be fully provided for. Banks may apply the values as on the date of transfer and in case, there are practical difficulties in applying the values as on the date of transfer, banks have the option of applying the values as on the previous working day, for arriving at the depreciation requirement on shifting of securities. 3.1 Held to Maturity ii) Banks should recognise any diminution, other than temporary, in the value of their investments in subsidiaries/ joint ventures which are included under Held to Maturity category and provide therefor. Such diminution should be determined and provided for each investment individually. The individual scrips in the Available for Sale category will be marked to market at quarterly or at more frequent intervals. Securities under this category shall be valued scrip-wise and depreciation/ appreciation shall be aggregated for each classification referred to in item 2(i) above. Net depreciation, if any, shall be provided for. Net appreciation, if any, should be ignored. Net depreciation required to be provided for in any one classification should not be reduced on account of net appreciation in any other classification. The book value of the individual securities would not undergo any change after the marking of market. 3.3 Held for Trading 3.4 Investment Fluctuation Reserve (i) With a view to building up of adequate reserves to guard against any possible reversal of interest rate environment in future due to unexpected developments, banks were advised to build up Investment Fluctuation Reserve (IFR) of a minimum 5 per cent of the investment portfolio within a period of 5 years. (ii) To ensure smooth transition to Basel II norms, banks were advised in June 24, 2004 to maintain capital charge for market risk in a phased manner over a two year period, as under: (a) In respect of securities included in the HFT category, open gold position limit, open foreign exchange position limit, trading positions in derivatives and derivatives entered into for hedging trading book exposures by March 31, 2005, and (b) In respect of securities included in the AFS category by March 31, 2006. (iii) With a view to encourage banks for early compliance with the guidelines for maintenance of capital charge for market risks, it was advised in April 2005 that banks which have maintained capital of at least 9 per cent of the risk weighted assets for both credit risk and market risks for both HFT (items as indicated at (a) above) and AFS category may treat the balance in excess of 5 per cent of securities included under HFT and AFS categories, in the IFR, as Tier I capital. Banks satisfying the above were allowed to transfer the amount in excess of the said 5 per cent in the IFR to Statutory Reserve. (iv) Banks were advised in October 2005 that, if they have maintained capital of at least 9 per cent of the risk weighted assets for both credit risk and market risks for both HFT (items as indicated at (a) above) and AFS category as on March 31, 2006, they would be permitted to treat the entire balance in the IFR as Tier I capital. For this purpose, banks may transfer the balance in the Investment Fluctuation Reserve ‘below the line’ in the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account to Statutory Reserve, General Reserve or balance of Profit & Loss Account. Investment Reserve Account (v) In the event, provisions created on account of depreciation in the ‘Available for Sale’ or ‘Held for Trading’ categories are found to be in excess of the required amount in any year, the excess should be credited to the Profit & Loss account and an equivalent amount ( net of taxes, if any and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provision) should be appropriated to an Investment Reserve Account in Schedule 2 – “Reserves & Surplus” under the head “Revenue and other Reserves” and would be eligible for inclusion under Tier II within the overall ceiling of 1.25 per cent of total Risk Weighted Assets prescribed for General Provisions/ Loss Reserves. (vi) Banks may utilise Investment Reserve Account as follows: Illustratively, banks may draw down from the IRA to the extent of provision made during the year towards depreciation in investment in AFS and HFT categories (net of taxes, if any, and net of transfer to Statutory Reserves as applicable to such excess provision). In other words, a bank which pays a tax of 30% and should appropriate 25% of the net profits to Statutory Reserves, can draw down Rs.52.50 from the Investment Reserve Account, if the provision made for depreciation in investments included in the AFS and HFT categories is Rs.100. (vii) The amounts debited to the P&L Account for provision should be debited under the head "Expenditure - Provisions & Contingencies". The amount transferred from the Investment Reserve Account to the P&L Account should be shown as "below the line" item in the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account after determining the profit for the year. Provision towards any erosion in the value of an asset is an item of charge on the profit and loss account and hence should appear in that account before arriving at the profit for the accounting period. Adoption of the following would not only be adoption of a wrong accounting principle but would, also result in a wrong statement of the profit for the accounting period: (a) the provision is allowed to be adjusted directly against an item of Reserve without being shown in the profit and loss account, OR (b) a bank is allowed to draw down from the Investment Reserve Account before arriving at the profit for the accounting period (i.e., above the line), OR (c) a bank is allowed to make provisions for depreciation on investment as a below the line item, after arriving at the profit for the period, (d) Hence none of the above options are permissible. (viii) In terms of our guidelines on payment of pidend by banks, pidends should be payable only out of current year's profit. The amount drawn down from the Investment Reserve Account (IRA) will, therefore, not be available to a bank for payment of pidend among the shareholders. However, the balance in the Investment Reserve Account transferred ‘below the line’ in the Profit and Loss Appropriation Account to Statutory Reserve, General Reserve or balance of Profit & Loss Account would be eligible to be reckoned as Tier I capital. The ‘market value’ for the purpose of periodical valuation of investments included in the Available for Sale and Held for Trading categories would be the market price of the scrip as available from the trades/ quotes on the stock exchanges, SGL account transactions, price list of RBI, prices declared by Primary Dealers Association of India (PDAI) jointly with the Fixed Income Money Market and Derivatives Association of India (FIMMDA) periodically. In respect of unquoted securities, the procedure as detailed below should be adopted. 3.6.1 Central Government Securities i) Banks should value the unquoted Central Government securities on the basis of the prices/ YTM rates put out by the PDAI/ FIMMDA at periodical intervals. ii) The 6.00 per cent Capital Indexed Bonds may be valued at “cost” as defined in circular DBOD. NO.BC.8/12.02.001 / 97-98 dated January 22, 1998 and BC.18/12.02.001/2000-2001 dated August 16, 2000. iii) Treasury Bills should be valued at carrying cost. 3.6.2 State Government Securities 3.6.3 Other ‘approved’ Securities 3.7 Unquoted Non-SLR securities (b) The rate used for the YTM for unrated debentures/ bonds should not be less than the rate applicable to rated debentures/ bonds of equivalent maturity. The mark-up for the unrated debentures/ bonds should appropriately reflect the credit risk borne by the bank. (c) Where the debenture/ bonds is quoted and there have been transactions within 15 days prior to the valuation date, the value adopted should not be higher than the rate at which the transaction is recorded on the stock exchange. 3.7.2 Zero coupon bonds 3.7.3 Preference Shares a) The YTM rate should not be lower than the coupon rate/ YTM for a GOI loan of equivalent maturity. b) The rate used for the YTM for unrated preference shares should not be less than the rate applicable to rated preference shares of equivalent maturity. The mark-up for the unrated preference shares should appropriately reflect the credit risk borne by the bank. c) Investments in preference shares as part of the project finance may be valued at par for a period of two years after commencement of production or five years after subscription whichever is earlier. d) Where investment in preference shares is as part of rehabilitation, the YTM rate should not be lower than 1.5% above the coupon rate/ YTM for GOI loan of equivalent maturity. e) Where preference pidends are in arrears, no credit should be taken for accrued pidends and the value determined on YTM should be discounted by at least 15% if arrears are for one year, and more if arrears are for more than one year. The depreciation/provision requirement arrived at in the above manner in respect of non-performing shares where pidends are in arrears shall not be allowed to be set-off against appreciation on other performing preference shares. f) The preference share should not be valued above its redemption value. g) When a preference share has been traded on stock exchange within 15 days prior to the valuation date, the value should not be higher than the price at which the share was traded. 3.7.4 Equity Shares 3.7.5 Mutual Funds Units 3.7.6 Commercial Paper 3.7.7 Investments in RRBs 3.8. Investment in securities issued by SC/RC When banks / FIs invest in the security receipts / pass-through certificates(PTCs) issued by Securitisation Company (SC) / Reconstruction Company (RC) in respect of the financial assets sold by them to the SC / RC, the sale shall be recognised in books of the banks / FIs at the lower of:
The above investment should be carried in the books of the bank / FI at the price as determined above until its sale or realisation, and on such sale or realisation, the loss or gain must be dealt with as under: (i) if the sale to SC /RC is at a price below the net book value (NBV) (ie. Book value less provisions held), the shortfall should be debited to the profit and loss account of that year. (ii) If the sale is for a value higher than the NBV, the excess provision will not be reversed but will be utilised to meet the shortfall / loss on account of sale of other financial assets to SC / RC. All instruments received by banks / FIs from SC / RC as sale consideration for financial assets sold to them and also other instruments issued by SC / RC in which banks / FIs invest will be in the nature of non-SLR securities. Accordingly, the valuation, classification and other norms applicable to investment in non-SLR instruments prescribed by RBI from time to time would be applicable to bank’s / FI’s investment in debentures / bonds / security receipts / PTCs issued by SC / RC. However, if any of the above instruments issued by SC / RC is limited to the actual realisation of the financial assets assigned to the instruments in the concerned scheme the bank / FI shall reckon the Net Asset Value (NAV), obtained from SC / RC from time to time, for valuation of such investments. 3.9. Valuation and classification of banks’ investment in VCFs 3.9.1 The quoted equity shares / bonds/ units of VCFs in the bank's portfolio should be held under Available for Sale (AFS) category and marked to market preferably on a daily basis, but at least on a weekly basis in line with valuation norms for other equity shares as per existing instructions. 3.9.2 Banks’ investments in unquoted shares/bonds/units of VCFs made after August 23, 2006 (i.e issuance of guidelines on valuation, classification of investments in VCFs) will be classified under Held to Maturity (HTM) category for initial period of three years and will be valued at cost during this period. For the investments made before issuance of these guidelines, the classification would be done as per the existing norms. 3.9.3 For this purpose, the period of three years will be reckoned separately for each disbursement made by the bank to VCF as and when the committed capital is called up. However, to ensure conformity with the existing norms for transferring securities from HTM category, transfer of all securities which have completed three years as mentioned above will be effected at the beginning of the next accounting year in one lot to coincide with the annual transfer of investments from HTM category. 3.9.4. After three years, the unquoted units/shares/bonds should be transferred to AFS category and valued as under: i) Units: In the case of investments in the form of units, the valuation will be done at the Net Asset Value (NAV) shown by the VCF in its financial statements. Depreciation, if any, on the units based on NAV has to be provided at the time of shifting the investments to AFS category from HTM category as also on subsequent valuations which should be done at quarterly or more frequent intervals based on the financial statements received from the VCF. At least once in a year, the units should be valued based on the audited results. However, if the audited balance sheet/ financial statements showing NAV figures are not available continuously for more than 18 months as on the date of valuation, the investments are to be valued at Rupee 1.00 per VCF. ii) Equity: In the case of investments in the form of shares, the valuation can be done at the required frequency based on the break-up value (without considering ‘revaluation reserves’, if any) which is to be ascertained from the company’s (VCF’s) latest balance sheet (which should not be more than 18 months prior to the date of valuation). Depreciation, if any on the shares has to be provided at the time of shifting the investments to AFS category as also on subsequent valuations which should be done at quarterly or more frequent intervals. If the latest balance sheet available is more than 18 months old, the shares are to be valued at Rupee.1.00 per company. (iii) Bonds: The investment in the bonds of VCFs, if any, should be valued as per prudential norms for classification, valuation and operation of investment port- folio by banks issued by RBI from time to time. 3.10 Non performing investments 3.10.1 In respect of securities included in any of the three categories where interest/ principal is in arrears, the banks should not reckon income on the securities and should also make appropriate provisions for the depreciation in the value of the investment. The banks should not set-off the depreciation requirement in respect of these non-performing securities against the appreciation in respect of other performing securities. 3.10.2 A non performing investment (NPI), similar to a non performing advance (NPA), is one where : (ii) The above would apply mutatis-mutandis to preference shares where the fixed pidend is not paid. (iii) In the case of equity shares, in the event the investment in the shares of any company is valued at Re.1 per company on account of the non availability of the latest balance sheet in accordance with the instructions contained in paragraph 28 of the Annexure to circular DBOD.BP.BC.32/ 21.04.048/ 2000-01 dated October 16, 2000, those equity shares would also be reckoned as NPI. (iv) If any credit facility availed by the issuer is NPA in the books of the bank, investment in any of the securities issued by the same issuer would also be treated as NPI and vice versa. (v) The investments in debentures / bonds, which are deemed to be in the nature of advance would also be subjected to NPI norms as applicable to investments. 3.10.3 State Government guaranteed investments 4. Uniform accounting for Repo / Reverse Repo transactions. 4.2 The uniform accounting principles were made applicable from the financial year 2003-04. The market participants may undertake repos from any of the three categories of investments, viz., Held for Trading, Available For Sale and Held to Maturity. 4.3 The securities sold under repo (the entity selling referred to as “seller”) are excluded from the Investment Account of the seller of securities and the securities bought under reverse repo (the entity buying referred to as “buyer”) are included in the Investment Account of the buyer of securities. Further, the buyer can reckon the approved securities acquired under reverse repo transaction for the purpose of Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) during the period of the repo. 4. 4 At present repo transactions are permitted in Central Government securities including Treasury Bills and dated State Government securities. Since the buyer of the securities will not hold it till maturity, the securities purchased under reverse repo by banks should not be classified under Held to Maturity category. The first leg of the repo should be contracted at prevailing market rates. Further, the accrued interest received / paid in a repo / reverse repo transaction and the clean price (i.e. total cash consideration less accrued interest) should be accounted for separately and distinctly. 4. 5 The other accounting principles to be followed while accounting for repos / reverse repos will be as under: 4.5.1 Coupon 4.5.2 Repo Interest Income / Expenditure (a) the difference in the clean price of the security between the first leg and the second leg should be reckoned as Repo Interest Income / Expenditure in the books of the buyer / seller respectively; (b) the difference between the accrued interest paid between the two legs of the transaction should be shown as Repo Interest Income/ Expenditure account, as the case may be; and (c) the balance outstanding in the Repo interest Income / Expenditure account should be transferred to the Profit and Loss account as an income or an expenditure. As regards repo / reverse repo transactions outstanding on the balance sheet date, only the accrued income / expenditure till the balance sheet date should be taken to the Profit and Loss account. Any repo income / expenditure for the subsequent period in respect of the outstanding transactions should be reckoned for the next accounting period. The buyer will mark to market the securities acquired under reverse repo transactions as per the investment classification of the security. To illustrate, for banks, in case the securities acquired under reverse repo transactions have been classified under Available for Sale category, then the mark to market valuation for such securities should be done at least once a quarter. For entities who do not follow any investment classification norms, the valuation for securities acquired under reverse repo transactions may be in accordance with the valuation norms followed by them in respect of securities of similar nature. In respect of the repo transactions outstanding as on the balance sheet date (b) the seller will provide for the price difference in the Profit & Loss account and show this difference under “Other Assets” in the balance sheet if the sale price of the security offered under repo is lower than the book value. (c) the seller will ignore the price difference for the purpose of Profit & Loss account but show the difference under “Other Liabilities” in the Balance Sheet, if the sale price of the security offered under repo is higher than the book value; and (d) similarly the accrued interest paid / received in the repo / reverse repo transactions outstanding on balance sheet dates should be shown as "Other Assets" or "Other Liabilities" in the balance sheet. 4.5.4 Book value on re-purchase 4.5.5 Disclosure 4.5.6 Accounting methodology 4.5.7 Recommended Accounting Methodology for Uniform Accounting of Repo / Reverse Repo transactions a. The following accounts may be opened, viz. i) Repo Account, ii) Repo Price Adjustment Account, iii) Repo Interest Adjustment Account, iv) Repo Interest Expenditure Account, v) Repo Interest Income Account, vi) Reverse Repo Account, vii) Reverse Repo Price Adjustment Account, and viii) Reverse Repo Interest Adjustment Account. b. The securities sold/ purchased under repo should be accounted for as an outright sale / purchase. c. The securities should enter and exit the books at the same book value. For operational ease the weighted average cost method whereby the investment is carried in the books at their weighted average cost may be adopted. Repo d. In a repo transaction, the securities should be sold in the first leg at market related prices and re-purchased in the second leg at the derived price. The sale and repurchase should be accounted in the Repo Account. e. The balances in the Repo Account should be netted from the bank's Investment Account for balance sheet purposes. f. The difference between the market price and the book value in the first leg of the repo should be booked in Repo Price Adjustment Account. Similarly the difference between the derived price and the book value in the second leg of the repo should be booked in the Repo Price Adjustment Account. g. In a reverse repo transaction, the securities should be purchased in the first leg at prevailing market prices and sold in the second leg at the derived price. The purchase and sale should be accounted for in the Reverse Repo Account. h. The balances in the Reverse Repo Account should be part of the Investment Account for balance sheet purposes and can be reckoned for SLR purposes if the securities acquired under reverse repo transactions are approved securities. i. The security purchased in a reverse repo will enter the books at the market price (excluding broken period interest). The difference between the derived price and the book value in the second leg of the reverse repo should be booked in the Reverse Repo Price Adjustment Account. j. In case the interest payment date of the security offered under repo falls within the repo period, the coupons received by the buyer of the security should be passed on to the seller on the date of receipt as the cash consideration payable by the seller in the second leg does not include any intervening cash flows. k. The difference between the amounts booked in the first and second legs in the Repo / Reverse Repo Price Adjustment Account should be transferred to the Repo Interest Expenditure Account or Repo Interest Income Account, as the case may be. l. The broken period interest accrued in the first and second legs will be booked in Repo Interest Adjustment Account or Reverse Repo Interest Adjustment Account, as the case may be. Consequently the difference between the amounts booked in this account in the first and second legs should be transferred to the Repo Interest Expenditure Account or Repo Interest Income Account, as the case may be. m. At the end of the accounting period the, for outstanding repos , the balances in the Repo / Reverse Repo Price Adjustment Account and Repo / Reverse repo Interest Adjustment account should be reflected either under item VI - 'Others' under Schedule 11 - 'Other Assets' or under item IV 'Others (including Provisions)' under Schedule 5 - 'Other Liabilities and Provisions' in the Balance Sheet , as the case may be . n. Since the debit balances in the Repo Price Adjustment Account at the end of the accounting period represent losses not provided for in respect of securities offered in outstanding repo transactions, it will be necessary to make a provision therefor in the Profit & Loss Account. o. To reflect the accrual of interest in respect of the outstanding repo/ reverse repo transactions at the end of the accounting period, appropriate entries should be passed in the Profit and Loss account to reflect Repo Interest Income / Expenditure in the books of the buyer / seller respectively and the same should be debited / credited as an income / expenditure accrued but not due. Such entries passed should be reversed on the first working day of the next accounting period. p. In respect of repos in interest bearing (coupon) instruments, the buyer would accrue interest during the period of repo. In respect of repos in discount instruments like Treasury Bills, the seller would accrue discount during the period of repo based on the original yield at the time of acquisition. q. At the end of the accounting period the debit balances (excluding balances for repos which are still outstanding) in the Repo Interest Adjustment Account and Reverse Repo Interest Adjustment Account should be transferred to the Repo Interest Expenditure Account and the credit balances (excluding balances for repos which are still outstanding) in the Repo Interest Adjustment Account and Reverse Repo Interest Adjustment Account should be transferred to the Repo Interest Income Account. r. Similarly, at the end of accounting period, the debit balances (excluding balances for repos which are still outstanding) in the Repo / Reverse Repo Price Adjustment Account should be transferred to the Repo Interest Expenditure Account and the credit balances (excluding balances for repos which are still outstanding) in the Repo / Reverse Repo Price Adjustment Account should be transferred to the Repo Interest Income Account. 5. General ii) Banks may book income from pidend on shares of corporate bodies on accrual basis provided pidend on the shares has been declared by the corporate body in its Annual General Meeting and the owner's right to receive payment is established. iii) Banks may book income from Government securities and bonds and debentures of corporate bodies on accrual basis, where interest rates on these instruments are pre-determined and provided interest is serviced regularly and is not in arrears. iv) Banks should book income from units of mutual funds on cash basis. Banks should not capitalise the Broken Period Interest paid to seller as part of cost, but treat it as an item of expenditure under Profit and Loss Account in respect of investments in Government and other approved securities. It is to be noted that the above accounting treatment does not take into account taxation implications and hence the banks should comply with the requirements of Income Tax Authorities in the manner prescribed by them. Banks have been advised to settle the transactions in securities as notified by Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) only through depositories. Banks were also advised that after the commencement of mandatory trading in demat form, they would not be able to sell the shares of listed companies if they were held in physical form. In order to extend the demat form of holding to other instruments like bonds, debentures and equities, it was decided that, with effect from October 31, 2001, banks, FIs, PDs and SDs would be permitted to make fresh investments and hold bonds and debentures, privately placed or otherwise, only in dematerialized form. Outstanding investments in scrip forms would have to be converted into dematerialised form by June 30, 2002. As regards equity instruments, banks were r quired to convert all their equity holding in scrip form into dematerialised form by December 31, 2004. Annexure I-A Short sale in Government Securities: Banks shall be entirely responsible for ensuring strict compliance with the above prudential limits on real time basis for which they may put in place appropriate systems and internal controls. The controls provided in the trading platform (NDS-OM) are merely in the nature of additional tools and should not be cited as a reason for any breach of internal or regulatory limits. The information regarding the outstanding stock of each Government of India dated security is being made available on the RBI website (URL: http://rbi.org.in/Scripts/NDSUserXsl.aspx). The list of liquid securities for compliance with the limits shall be provided by FIMMDA from time to time. Borrowing security (through the repo market) to meet delivery obligations Policy and internal control mechanisms When Issued Market - Guidelines ‘When, as and if issued’ (commonly known as ‘when-issued’ (WI)) security refers to a security that has been authorized for issuance but not yet actually issued. ‘WI’ trading takes place between the time a new issue is announced and the time it is actually issued. All 'when issued' transactions are on an 'if' basis, to be settled if and when the actual security is issued. Mechanics of Operation Transactions in a security on a ‘When Issued’ basis shall be undertaken in the following manner. b. ‘WI’ transactions would commence on the issue notification date and it would cease on the working day immediately preceding the date of issue. c. All ‘WI’ transactions for all trade dates will be contracted for settlement on the date of issue. d. At the time of settlement on the date of issue, trades in the ‘WI’ security will be netted off with trades in the existing security, in the case of reissued securities. e. ‘WI’ transactions may be undertaken only on NDS-OM. f. Only PDs can take a short position in the ‘WI’ market. In other words, non-PD entities can sell the ‘WI’ security to any counterparty only if they have a preceding purchase contract for equivalent or higher amount. g. Open Positions in the ‘WI’ market are subject to the following limits:
h. In the event of cancellation of the auction for whatever reason, all ‘WI’ trades will be deemed null and void ab initio on grounds of force majeure. Internal Control All banks participating in the ‘WI’ market are required to have in place a written policy on ‘WI’ trading which should be approved by the Board of Directors. The policy should lay down the internal guidelines which should include, inter alia, risk limits on ‘WI’ position (including, in the case of reissued securities, overall position in the security, i.e., ‘WI’ plus the existing security), an aggregate nominal limit (in terms of Face Value) for ‘WI’ and in the case of reissued securities, ‘WI’ plus the existing security, the internal control arrangements to ensure adherence to regulatory and internal guidelines, reporting of ‘WI’ activity to the top management, procedure to deal with violations, etc. A system should be in place to detect violations immediately, certainly within the trading day. The concurrent auditors should specifically verify compliance with these instructions and report violations on the date of trade itself, within a reasonably short time, to the appropriate internal authority. As part of their monthly reporting, concurrent auditors may verify whether the independent back/mid office has taken cognizance of all such lapses and reported the same within the required time frame. Any violation of regulatory guidelines noticed in this regard should immediately be reported to the Public Debt Office (PDO), Mumbai and IDMD, Reserve Bank of India. Investment portfolio of banks – Transactions in securities – Conditions subject to which securities allotted in the auctions for primary issues can be sold (i) The contract for sale can be entered into only once by the allottee bank on the basis of an authenticated allotment advice issued by Reserve Bank of India. The selling bank should make suitable noting/stamping on the allotment advice indicating the sale contract number etc., the details of which should be intimated to the buying entity. The buying entity should not enter into a contract to further resell the securities until it actually holds the securities in its investment account. Any sale of securities should be only on a T+0 or T+1 settlement basis. (ii) The contract for sale of allotted securities can be entered into by banks with entities maintaining SGL Account with Reserve Bank of India as well as with and between CSGL account holders for delivery and settlement on the next working day through the Delivery versus Payment(DVP) system. (iii) The face value of securities sold should not exceed the face value of securities indicated in the allotment advice. (iv) The sale deal should be entered into directly without the involvement of broker/s. (vi) Such type of sale transactions of Government securities allotted in the auctions for primary issues on the same day and based on authenticated allotment advice should be subjected to concurrent audit and the relative audit report should be placed before the Executive Director or the Chairman and Managing Director of the Bank once every month. A copy thereof should also be sent to the Department of Banking Supervision, Reserve Bank of India, Central Office, Mumbai. (vii) Banks will be solely responsible for any failure of the contracts due to the securities not being credited to their SGL account on account of non-payment / bouncing of cheque etc. Annexure – II Investment portfolio of banks - Transactions in securities -
Recommendations of the Group on Non-SLR Investments of Banks Guidelines on Investments by Banks in Non-SLR Investment Portfolio by Banks - Definitions 1. With a view to imparting clarity and to ensure that there is no pergence in the implementation of the guidelines, some of the terms used in the guidelines on non-SLR investments are defined below. Prudential Guidelines on Management of the Non-SLR Investment Portfolio by Banks - Banks should make the following disclosures in the 'Notes on Accounts' of the balance sheet in respect of their non-SLR investment portfolio, with effect from the financial year ending 31 March 2004.
Note: 2. Amounts reported under columns 4, 5, 6 and 7 above may not be mutually exclusive. (ii) Non performing Non-SLR investments
RETURN/STATEMENT NO. 9 Proforma Statement showing the position of Reconciliation of Investment Account as on 31st March Name of the bank/ Institution : _____________________________________ (Face value Rs. in crore)
Signature of the Authorised Official Note : Similar statements may be furnished in respect of PMS client’s Accounts and other constituents’ Accounts (including Brokers). In the case of PMS/other constituents’ accounts, the face value and book value of securities appearing in the relevant registers of the bank should be mentioned under Column 2. a) Column - 2 (GL balances) b) Column - 3 and 4 (SGL balances) In the normal course balances indicated against item three and four should agree with each other. In case of any difference on account of any transaction not being recorded either in PDO or in the books of the bank this should be explained giving full details of each transaction. c) Column - 5 (BRs held) If the bank is holding any BRs for purchases for more than 30 days from the date of its issue, particulars of such BRs should be given in a separate statement. d) Column - 6 (SGL forms held) e) Column - 7 f) Column - 8 (outstanding deliveries) g) General Disclosures
Illustrative examples for uniform accounting of Repo / Reverse repo transactions
* Computation of days based on 30 / 360 day count convention First leg Accounting
Second Leg Accounting
The balances in respect of the Repo Price Adjustment Account and Repo Interest Adjustment Account at the end of the second leg of repo transaction are transferred to Repo Interest Expenditure Account. In order to analyse the balances in these accounts, the ledger entries are shown below :
Repo Interest Adjustment account
Repo Interest Expenditure Account
3. Accounting for buyer of the security
Second Leg Accounting
The balances in respect of the Reverse Repo Interest Adjustment Account and Reverse Repo Price adjustment account at the end of the second leg of reverse repo in these accounts are transferred to Repo Interest Income Account. In order to analyse the balances in these two accounts, the ledger entries are shown below:
Reverse Repo Interest Adjustment Account
Reverse Repo Interest Income Account
4. Additional accounting entries to be passed on a Repo / Reverse Repo transaction on a coupon bearing security, when the accounting period is ending on an intervening day
The difference in the clean price of the security between the first leg and the second leg should be apportioned upto the Balance Sheet date and should be shown as Repo Interest Income / Expenditure in the books of the seller / buyer respectively and should be debited / credited as an income / expenditure accrued but not due. The balances under Income / expenditure accrued but not due should be taken to the balance sheet
* 21 January, 2003 is assumed to be the balance sheet date
(c) Entries in Buyer's Books on January 21, 2003
* For the sake of simplicity the interest accrual has been considered for 2 days.
The difference between the repo interest accrued by the seller and the buyer is on account of the accrued interest forgone by the seller on the security offered for repo. B. Repo / Reverse Repo of Treasury Bill
2. Accounting for seller of the security
Second Leg Accounting
The balances in respect of the Repo Price Adjustment Account at the end of the second leg of repo transaction are transferred to Repo Interest Expenditure Account. In order to analyse the balances in this account, the ledger entries are shown: Repo Price Adjustment account
Repo Interest Expenditure Account
The Seller will continue to accrue the discount at the original discount rate during the period of the repo.
Second Leg Accounting
The Buyer will not accrue for the discount during the period of the repo.
* 21 January, 2003 is assumed to be the balance sheet date
(b) Entries in Seller's books on January 21, 2003
(c) Entries in Buyer's Books on January 21, 2003
(d) Entries in Buyer's Books on January 21, 2003
Appendix
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