New FAQ Page 2 - RBI - Reserve Bank of India
FAQs on Guidelines on Default Loss Guarantee in Digital Lending
Ans: DLG arrangements are not permitted on the loans which are covered by the credit guarantee schemes administered by trust funds as specified under para 2 of Review of Prudential Norms – Risk Weights for Exposures guaranteed by Credit Guarantee Schemes (CGS) dated September 07, 2022, as amended from time to time.
Note: Illustrations are provided for ease of understanding and are merely indicative and not exhaustive.
Illustration 1
Assume that as on April 1, 2024 the RE earmarks a portfolio of ₹40 crore (out of the total sanctioned loans) under a DLG arrangement (DLG set). This portfolio shall remain "frozen" for the purpose of the specific DLG arrangement - meaning that no loan assets can be added or removed from it, except through loan repayment/ write-off. The RE can have such multiple DLG sets.
The ceiling for DLG cover on such portfolio shall be fixed at ₹2 crore (5% of ₹40 crore), which shall get activated proportionately as and when the loans are disbursed.
Illustration 2
Assume that out of the above DLG set, loans amounting to ₹10 crore are disbursed immediately. Then as on April 1, 2024, the DLG cover available for the portfolio shall be ₹0.5 crore (5% of disbursed).
Subsequently, if loans of ₹10 crore are further disbursed on April 15, 2024, the DLG cover shall proportionately increase to ₹1 crore effective April 15, 2024.
(Refer table below also for summary of each case)
Case 1: As on June 30, 2024, loans worth ₹5 crore mature without any default. In this case, the outstanding portfolio in the books of the RE would be ₹15 crore and the DLG cover shall remain at ₹1 crore.
Case 2: Subsequently, there is a default of ₹2 crore during Q2-2024 and consequently the RE invokes the entire DLG (₹1 crore 1). In this case, as of Sept 30, 2024 the outstanding portfolio in the books of the RE shall be ₹15 crore (₹20 crore original portfolio less ₹5 crore loans matured without default) but no headroom for DLG will be available as the maximum permissible DLG cover of ₹1 crore (5% of disbursed) has been exhausted.
Case 3: Going further, let’s assume that recovery worth ₹1 crore is made by the RE during October 2024 on the defaulted loans of ₹2 crore. In such a case, the amount of the outstanding portfolio in the books of the RE as on October 31, 2024 shall come down to ₹14 crore (₹20 crore original portfolio less ₹5 crore loans matured without any default less ₹1 crore loans which were in default and recovered). However, the recovery amount of ₹1 crore cannot be added to reinstate the DLG cover.
(figures in ₹ crore)
Period |
Disbursed |
Loan maturing without default |
Default Amount |
DLG Invoked |
Recovery/ Write-off |
Outstanding Portfolio |
Available DLG Cover |
Initial Position |
10 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
10 |
0.5 |
Further disbursement |
10 |
- |
- |
- |
- |
20 |
1 |
Case 1 |
20 |
5 |
- |
- |
- |
15 |
1 |
Case 2 |
20 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
- |
15 |
0 |
Case 3 |
20 |
5 |
2 |
1 |
1 |
14 |
0 |
1 It has been assumed that till date zero principal/interest have been received towards these loans.
Ans. Yes, documents as mentioned in reply to Q 5 above shall be submitted by all account holders of a joint account to the RE.
Ans.: Total invoice value must be in Indian Rupees (INR) in actuals (which should also include billing to subsidiary(s)/associate(s) abroad) during the reference period.
Ans: For ease of use, e₹ is available in the same denominations as physical currency. This provides the users with the same familiarity and convenience as with usage of physical currency notes.
In case of the funded facility created on account of invocation of BG/ devolvement of LC, the bank may charge an appropriate rate of interest on the devolved amount taking into account the associated credit risk premium as per the bank’s credit underwriting policy. However, penalty, if any, on that funded facility on account of non-repayment by the borrower within the due date may only be levied in the form of penal charges and not penal interest.
Ans. RBI has mandated minimum number of free transactions at ATMs. Banks may offer more number of free transactions to their customers.
Response: Yes, unless the potential depositor is already a bank’s KYC compliant customer.
Ans. Both types of Small PPIs are reloadable and shall be used only for purchase of goods and services. Their salient features are as follows:
PPIs upto ₹10,000/- (with cash loading facility):
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The amount loaded during any month shall not exceed ₹10,000/-;
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The total amount loaded during the financial year shall not exceed ₹1,20,000/-;
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The amount outstanding at any point of time shall not exceed ₹10,000/-;
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The total amount debited during any given month shall not exceed ₹10,000/-;
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These PPIs shall be converted into full-KYC PPIs within 24 months; and
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Loading / Reloading can be by cash or electronic means.
PPIs upto ₹10,000/- (with no cash loading facility):
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The amount loaded during any month shall not exceed ₹10,000/-;
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The total amount loaded during the financial year shall not exceed ₹1,20,000/-;
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The amount outstanding at any point of time shall not exceed ₹10,000/-;
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Loading / Reloading shall be from a bank account / credit card / full-KYC PPI; and
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The Small PPIs (with cash loading facility) existing as on December 24, 2019 can be converted to this PPI, if desired by the PPI holder.
Ans : ECS Credit offers many advantages to the beneficiary –
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The beneficiary need not visit his / her bank for depositing the paper instruments which he would have otherwise received had he not opted for ECS Credit.
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The beneficiary need not be apprehensive of loss / theft of physical instruments or the likelihood of fraudulent encashment thereof.
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Cost effective.
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The beneficiary receives the funds right on the due date.
Ans: Yes, NEFT can be used to transfer funds from / to NRE and NRO accounts in the country. This, however, is subject to the adherence of the provisions of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 2000 (FEMA) and Wire Transfer Guidelines.
If a bank goes into liquidation, DICGC is liable to pay to the liquidator the claim amount of each depositor upto Rupees five lakhs within two months from the date of receipt of claim list from the liquidator. The liquidator has to disburse the claim amount to each insured depositor corresponding to their claim amount."
If a bank is reconstructed or amalgamated / merged with another bank: The DICGC pays the bank concerned, the difference between the full amount of deposit or the limit of insurance cover in force at the time, whichever is less and the amount received by him under the reconstruction / amalgamation scheme within two months from the date of receipt of claim list from the transferee bank / Chief Executive Officer of the insured bank/transferee bank as the case may be."
Under the Scheme, the Reserve Bank permits ADs Category - I , ADs Category - II and FFMCs to enter into agency or franchisee agreements at their option for the purpose of carrying restricted money changing business i.e. conversion of foreign currency notes, coins or travellers' cheques into Indian Rupees.
A franchisee can be any entity which has a place of business and a minimum Net Owned Funds of Rs.10 lakh. Franchisees can undertake only restricted money changing business.
An AD Category-I Bank / AD Category-II / FFMC, as the franchiser, is free to decide on the tenor of the arrangement as also the commission or fee through mutual agreement with the franchisee. The Agency / Franchisee agreement to be entered into should include the following salient features:
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The franchisees should display the names of their franchisers, exchange rates and that they are authorised only to purchase foreign currency, prominently in their offices. Exchange Rate for conversion of foreign currency into Rupees should be the same or close to the daily exchange rate charged by the AD Category – I Banks / ADs Category - II / FFMC at its branches.
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The foreign currency purchased by the franchisee should be surrendered only to its franchiser within 7 working days from the date of purchase.
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The maintenance of proper record of transactions by the franchisee.
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The on-site inspection of the franchisee by the franchiser should be conducted at least once a year.
Ans. A person resident in India is free to make any payment in Indian Rupees towards meeting expenses, on account of boarding, lodging and services related thereto or travel to and from and within India, of a person resident outside India, who is on a visit to India.
Page Last Updated on: December 11, 2022