Comprehensive Guidelines on Derivatives: Modifications - આરબીઆઈ - Reserve Bank of India
Comprehensive Guidelines on Derivatives: Modifications
RBI/2011-12/243 November 2, 2011 The Chairman and Managing Directors/ Chief Executive Officers of Dear Sir, Comprehensive Guidelines on Derivatives: Modifications Please refer to our Circular DBOD No.BP.BC.86/21.04.157/2006-07 dated April 20, 2007 on Comprehensive Guidelines on Derivatives. The guidelines with regard to suitability and appropriateness policy for offering of derivative products to users, as outlined in paragraph 8.3 of the said circular, were reviewed in the light of the experience gained in implementation of the guidelines over last four years, and the revised version of the paragraph 8.3 was issued vide circular DBOD.No. BP.BC.27/21.04.157/2010-11 dated August 2, 2011. 2. In the light of suggestions made by FEDAI and other market participants, paragraph 6 of the circular dated April 20, 2007 and the revised paragraph 8.3 of the circular dated August 2, 2011 have been modified. The revised paragraphs are furnished in the Annex (deletions indicated in 3. Revised guidelines will be effective from January 1, 2012. Yours faithfully, (Deepak Singhal) 6. Broad Principles for Undertaking Derivative Transactions by Market-makers
6.1 In addition to generic derivative products, market-makers may also offer structured derivative products to users as long as they do not contain any derivative instrument as underlying and have been specifically permitted by the RBI. For the purpose of the guidelines contained in this circular1, a. The following derivative instruments used to hedge an existing interest rate and forex exposure, on a standalone basis, may be treated as generic derivative products:
b. The following derivative products may be treated as structured derivative products:
6.2 Market-makers should be in a position to arrive at the fair value of all derivative instruments, including structured products on the basis of the following approach: a. Marking the product to market, if a liquid market in the product exists.
It may be ensured that structured products do not contain any derivative, which is not allowed on a standalone basis. 6.3 All permitted derivative transactions, including roll over, restructuring and novation shall be contracted only at prevailing market rates. 6.7 Market-makers may, where they consider necessary, maintain cash margin / liquid collateral in respect of derivative transactions undertaken by users on mark-to-market basis. 8.3 Suitability and Appropriateness Policy The guidelines contained in this paragraph are applicable to all permitted generic and structured derivative products, except forex forward contracts which shall continue to be governed by the circular AP(DIR) 32 dated December 28, 2010. 8.3.1 The rapid growth of the derivatives market, especially structured derivatives has increased the focus on 'suitability' and 'appropriateness' of derivative products being offered by market-makers to customers (users) as also customer appropriateness. Market-makers should undertake derivative transactions, particularly with users with a sense of responsibility and circumspection that would avoid, among other things, mis-selling. It is imperative that market-makers offer derivative products in general, and structured products, in particular, only to those users who understand the nature of the risks inherent in these transactions and further that the products being offered are consistent with users' business, financial operations, skill & sophistication, internal policies as well as risk appetite. Inadequate understanding of the risks and future obligations under the contracts by the users, in the initial stage, may lead to potential disputes and thus cause damage to the reputation of market-makers. The market-makers may also be exposed to credit risk if the counterparty fails to meet its financial obligations under the contract. 8.3.2 The market-makers should carry out proper due diligence regarding 'user appropriateness' and 'suitability' of products before offering derivative products to users. Each market-maker should adopt a Board-approved 'Customer Appropriateness & Suitability Policy' for derivatives business. 8.3.3 The objective of the policy is prudential in nature: to protect the market-maker against the credit, reputation and litigation risks that may arise from a user's inadequate understanding of the nature and risks of the derivatives transaction. In general, market-makers should not
8.3.4 Before offering any derivative product to clients, banks should obtain Board resolution from the corporate which a) explicitly mentions the limit assigned by the corporate to the bank. While monitoring this limit, bank would take into account absolute notional amount of all outstanding derivative contracts entered into by the corporate with the bank. In other words, notionals of long and short positions will not be netted for the purpose of compliance with the limit. b) mentions the names and designation of the officials of the company authorised to undertake particular derivative transactions on behalf of the company. c) specifies the names of the people to whom transactions should be reported by the bank. These personnel should be distinct from those authorized to undertake the transactions. d) mentions the names and designation of person(s) authorised to sign the ISDA and similar agreements; e) mentions specific products that can be transacted by the designated officials named therein. It should be ensured that the Board resolution submitted by the company is signed by a person other than the persons authorized to undertake the transactions. 8.3.5 While undertaking any derivative transaction with (a) document how the pricing has been done and how periodic valuations will be done. In the case of structured products, this document should contain a dissection of the product into its generic components to demonstrate its permissibility, on the one hand, and to explain its price and periodic valuation principles, on the other. No bank can be a market maker in a product it cannot price independently. This will also be applicable to deals undertaken on back-to-back basis. Similarly, foreign banks operating in India can be market makers for specific products only if they have the ability to price the products locally in India. The pricing of such products should be locally demonstrable at all times, particularly whenever RBI needs such evidence. The following information may be shared with the user:
(b) analyse the expected impact of the proposed derivatives transaction on the user, (c) ascertain whether users has the appropriate authority to enter into derivative transactions and whether there are any limitations on the use of specific types of derivatives in terms of the former's board memorandum / policy, level at which derivative transactions are approved, the involvement of senior management in decision-making and monitoring derivatives activity undertaken by it, (d) identify whether the proposed transaction is consistent with the user's policies and procedures with respect to derivatives transactions, as they are known to the market-maker, (e) ensure that the terms of the contract are clear and assess whether the user is capable of understanding the terms of the contract and of fulfilling its obligations under the contract, (f) inform the customer of its opinion, where the market-maker considers that a proposed derivatives transaction is inappropriate for a customer. If the customer nonetheless wishes to proceed, the market-maker should document its analysis and its discussions with the customer in its files to lessen the chances of litigation in case the transaction proves unprofitable to the customer. The approval for such transactions should be escalated to next higher level of authority at the market-maker as also for the user, (g) ensure the terms of the contract are properly documented, disclosing the inherent risks in the proposed transaction to the customer in the form of a Risk Disclosure Statement which should include a detailed scenario analysis (both positive and negative) and payouts in quantitative terms under different combination of underlying market variables such as interest rates and currency rates, etc., assumptions made for the scenario analysis and obtaining a written acknowledgement from the counterparty for having read and understood the Risk Disclosure Statement, (h) guard against the possibility of misunderstandings, all significant communications between the market-maker and user should be in writing or recorded in meeting notes, (i) ensure to undertake transactions at prevailing market rates and to avoid transactions that could result in acceleration / deferment of gains or losses, (j) should establish internal procedures for handling customer disputes and complaints. They should be investigated thoroughly and handled fairly and promptly. Senior management and the Compliance Department / Officer should be informed of all customer disputes and complaints at a regular interval.(k) Banks are required to obtain Board resolution from the corporate which wants to deal in structured derivatives products that states the following: i) The corporate has in place a Risk Management Policy approved by its Board which contains the following:
ii) The corporate has laid down clear guidelines for conducting the transactions and institutionalised the arrangements for a periodical review of operations and annual audit of transactions to verify compliance with the regulations. (I) Market-makers should not undertake structured derivative transaction with users till they provide a Board or equivalent forum resolution stating that they have in place a Board approved Risk Management Policy which contains the details as mentioned above. 8.3.5 It may be noted that the responsibility of 'Customer Appropriateness and Suitability' review is on the market-maker. Banks should require its compliance officer to submit a monthly report to the Board of Directors of the bank 1“…this circular” here implies the circular DBOD.No.BP.BC.86/21.04/157/2006-07 dated April 20, 2007. |
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