मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं का सर्वेक्षण

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04 जून 2020 को प्रकाशित

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मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं का सर्वेक्षण

आज, रिजर्व बैंक ने मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं के सर्वेक्षण (IESH)¹ के मई 2020 चक्र के परिणाम जारी किए। कोविड-19 महामारी के चलते सर्वेक्षण टेलीफ़ोन पर, मई 5 से मई 17, 2020 के बीच 18 प्रमुख शहरों में आयोजित किया गया था। इसके परिणाम 5,761 शहरी परिवारों के प्रत्युत्तरों पर आधारित हैं।

विशेष :

i. सर्वेक्षण के मार्च 2020 चक्र की तुलना में मई 2020 में परिवारों की मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति की धारणाओं और अपेक्षाओं में तीव्र वृद्धि हुई [चार्ट 1a, चार्ट 1b]।

ii. तीन महीने आगे के लिए मुद्रास्फीति अपेक्षाएं मात्रात्मक संदर्भ में अगले वर्ष की मुद्रास्फीति अपेक्षाओं से आगे निकाल गई [चार्ट 1a, चार्ट 1b; तालिका 3]।

iii. पिछले सर्वेक्षण चक्र की तुलना में, मई 2020 चक्र में परिवारों के तीन महीने आगे और एक वर्ष आगे की मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति अपेक्षाएं क्रमशः 190 और 120 आधार अंक से बढ़ गई [तालिका 3]।

iv. खाद्य उत्पादों पर मूल्य बढ़ने के दबाव की अपेक्षा करते हुये, अधिक परिवारों ने सामान्य कीमतों और मुद्रास्फीति में पिछले दौर की तुलना में अगले तीन महीने में वृद्धि की उम्मीद की है [तालिका 1a]। हालांकि, सभी उत्पाद समूहों की कीमतें, विशेष रूप से आवास की कीमतें, अगले एक वर्ष में कम होने की उम्मीद है [तालिका 1b]।

नोट: कृपया समय श्रृंखला डेटा के लिए एक्सेल फ़ाइल देखें।

Table 1(a): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for Three Months ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended	May-19		Nov-19		Jan-20		Mar-20		May-20
General	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
Prices will increase	78.3	1.01	80.7	0.90	83.2	0.87	83.3	0.79	85.3	0.73
Price increase more than current rate	50.0	1.22	52.4	1.22	56.1	1.16	52.5	1.10	56.0	1.02
Price increase similar to current rate	25.6	1.01	23.4	0.96	23.4	0.91	25.6	0.99	23.5	0.89
Price increase less than current rate	2.8	0.32	4.9	0.55	3.6	0.37	5.2	0.56	5.8	0.49
No changes in prices	18.4	0.96	17.3	0.84	14.4	0.81	14.9	0.76	12.4	0.69
Decline in prices	3.3	0.35	1.9	0.26	2.4	0.31	1.8	0.25	2.3	0.32
Food Product
Prices will increase	78.5	0.87	81.8	0.80	81.7	0.80	81.9	0.81	84.6	0.75
Price increase more than current rate	48.5	1.13	54.8	1.14	56.0	1.11	55.4	1.02	58.6	1.00
Price increase similar to current rate	24.7	0.94	21.0	0.85	20.1	0.85	20.0	0.88	20.0	0.82
Price increase less than current rate	5.4	0.46	6.0	0.54	5.5	0.45	6.5	0.56	6.0	0.49
No changes in prices	15.0	0.77	12.3	0.65	11.2	0.67	12.4	0.68	10.7	0.64
Decline in prices	6.5	0.47	5.9	0.48	7.2	0.50	5.7	0.43	4.7	0.45
Non- Food Product
Prices will increase	75.8	0.91	75.3	0.93	77.8	0.91	77.8	0.87	76.7	0.88
Price increase more than current rate	45.2	1.15	48.0	1.14	51.4	1.15	50.8	1.00	49.5	0.99
Price increase similar to current rate	25.3	0.91	21.1	0.86	21.2	0.88	20.8	0.89	20.8	0.82
Price increase less than current rate	5.4	0.44	6.1	0.53	5.3	0.43	6.2	0.50	6.4	0.50
No changes in prices	18.1	0.81	20.5	0.83	17.7	0.82	17.7	0.79	17.8	0.79
Decline in prices	6.0	0.47	4.3	0.39	4.4	0.39	4.5	0.42	5.5	0.49
Household Durables
Prices will increase	61.3	1.12	55.2	1.09	60.3	1.02	64.5	1.02	55.1	1.04
Price increase more than current rate	37.0	1.12	35.4	1.06	37.9	1.03	42.3	1.03	33.6	0.96
Price increase similar to current rate	19.9	0.85	15.2	0.73	17.5	0.76	17.2	0.80	16.4	0.76
Price increase less than current rate	4.3	0.41	4.6	0.44	4.8	0.43	5.0	0.44	5.1	0.44
No changes in prices	27.2	1.01	29.1	0.93	26.8	0.91	24.2	0.90	29.7	0.94
Decline in prices	11.5	0.64	15.8	0.73	12.9	0.65	11.2	0.63	15.2	0.76
Cost of Housing
Prices will increase	70.9	1.06	68.5	1.09	69.7	1.04	71.0	1.07	48.6	1.01
Price increase more than current rate	46.9	1.13	48.3	1.19	48.4	1.10	49.5	1.10	30.2	0.93
Price increase similar to current rate	19.8	0.83	16.4	0.77	17.3	0.74	17.4	0.78	13.6	0.69
Price increase less than current rate	4.2	0.39	3.8	0.41	4.0	0.40	4.2	0.39	4.8	0.45
No changes in prices	21.7	0.96	24.0	0.99	22.0	0.95	22.1	0.96	30.3	0.93
Decline in prices	7.3	0.52	7.4	0.53	8.3	0.54	6.9	0.52	21.1	0.83
Cost of Services
Prices will increase	68.6	1.03	65.8	1.05	72.5	0.98	70.8	0.99	68.3	0.97
Price increase more than current rate	42.6	1.14	43.6	1.14	46.4	1.13	46.2	1.02	43.2	0.99
Price increase similar to current rate	21.7	0.89	17.7	0.79	21.1	0.81	19.3	0.84	19.3	0.79
Price increase less than current rate	4.3	0.41	4.5	0.46	4.9	0.43	5.2	0.44	5.9	0.46
No changes in prices	27.7	0.99	29.5	1.01	23.4	0.90	25.9	0.94	27.4	0.93
Decline in prices	3.8	0.37	4.7	0.43	4.1	0.38	3.3	0.34	4.4	0.42
Note: 1. The table provides estimates and standard errors for qualitative responses. 2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 1(b): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for One Year ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended	May-19		Nov-19		Jan-20		Mar-20		May-20
General	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
Prices will increase	86.3	0.77	89.1	0.71	88.1	0.74	89.2	0.65	85.6	0.73
Price increase more than current rate	58.5	1.19	64.0	1.25	63.6	1.13	60.7	1.07	57.1	1.00
Price increase similar to current rate	24.9	1.03	21.5	0.96	21.4	0.88	24.8	1.00	23.8	0.88
Price increase less than current rate	3.0	0.32	3.6	0.44	3.2	0.37	3.7	0.42	4.7	0.43
No changes in prices	10.2	0.70	8.9	0.64	9.5	0.67	9.0	0.62	11.9	0.67
Decline in prices	3.5	0.37	2.0	0.28	2.4	0.30	1.8	0.26	2.5	0.33
Food Product
Prices will increase	83.1	0.76	86.2	0.74	84.8	0.73	85.6	0.73	77.3	0.86
Price increase more than current rate	50.4	1.19	58.9	1.24	56.0	1.14	55.6	1.10	46.9	1.01
Price increase similar to current rate	27.6	0.97	22.4	0.90	24.3	0.93	24.3	0.93	24.2	0.88
Price increase less than current rate	5.1	0.43	5.0	0.49	4.5	0.40	5.7	0.49	6.3	0.51
No changes in prices	11.4	0.64	9.4	0.61	9.8	0.59	10.3	0.64	15.7	0.74
Decline in prices	5.5	0.43	4.4	0.39	5.4	0.42	4.1	0.37	6.9	0.52
Non- Food Product
Prices will increase	81.3	0.81	81.0	0.82	81.6	0.80	82.3	0.81	73.3	0.92
Price increase more than current rate	49.7	1.18	53.5	1.23	53.1	1.14	53.6	1.08	42.6	0.99
Price increase similar to current rate	26.8	0.99	22.6	0.92	23.5	0.88	23.4	0.92	23.9	0.87
Price increase less than current rate	4.9	0.44	4.9	0.51	5.1	0.44	5.3	0.47	6.8	0.51
No changes in prices	13.7	0.72	15.5	0.72	14.1	0.72	14.2	0.73	20.7	0.84
Decline in prices	5.0	0.43	3.6	0.36	4.3	0.39	3.4	0.36	6.0	0.49
Household Durables
Prices will increase	68.8	1.04	65.4	1.00	68.0	0.96	70.8	1.02	59.6	1.03
Price increase more than current rate	42.9	1.14	42.7	1.16	44.0	1.10	46.6	1.09	34.8	0.99
Price increase similar to current rate	21.9	0.88	18.1	0.80	20.0	0.80	19.8	0.86	19.1	0.79
Price increase less than current rate	4.0	0.40	4.6	0.46	4.0	0.40	4.4	0.42	5.7	0.47
No changes in prices	21.5	0.91	22.5	0.84	21.2	0.84	19.7	0.87	28.4	0.93
Decline in prices	9.7	0.59	12.1	0.62	10.7	0.60	9.5	0.59	12.1	0.67
Cost of Housing
Prices will increase	79.8	0.84	80.0	0.92	77.8	0.89	79.9	0.90	59.7	1.00
Price increase more than current rate	54.3	1.05	57.1	1.20	54.7	1.09	56.5	1.03	36.9	0.98
Price increase similar to current rate	21.9	0.84	19.1	0.85	19.0	0.83	19.6	0.82	17.3	0.77
Price increase less than current rate	3.6	0.37	3.9	0.41	4.1	0.39	3.8	0.39	5.5	0.46
No changes in prices	14.3	0.77	13.9	0.76	15.0	0.77	14.5	0.78	25.1	0.89
Decline in prices	5.9	0.45	6.1	0.48	7.2	0.50	5.5	0.47	15.2	0.73
Cost of Services
Prices will increase	80.9	0.83	80.9	0.87	82.5	0.79	81.4	0.85	74.4	0.91
Price increase more than current rate	50.3	1.12	53.7	1.23	54.6	1.15	53.0	1.09	44.6	0.98
Price increase similar to current rate	25.3	0.94	22.3	0.86	23.0	0.87	23.3	0.90	23.1	0.85
Price increase less than current rate	5.3	0.49	4.9	0.51	4.9	0.44	5.0	0.44	6.7	0.50
No changes in prices	15.5	0.77	15.9	0.77	14.6	0.72	16.0	0.81	22.1	0.87
Decline in prices	3.6	0.36	3.2	0.36	2.9	0.33	2.7	0.30	3.5	0.38
Note: 1. The table provides estimates and standard errors for qualitative responses. 2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 2: Inflation Expectations of Various Groups: May 2020

	Current Perception				Three Months ahead Expectation				One Year ahead Expectation
	Mean		Median		Mean		Median		Mean		Median
	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
Overall	9.6	0.09	9.3	0.28	10.6	0.09	10.4	0.06	9.7	0.12	10.2	0.07
Gender-wise
Male	9.7	0.11	9.5	0.33	10.6	0.11	10.4	0.08	9.6	0.14	10.2	0.09
Female	9.5	0.14	9.2	0.32	10.6	0.14	10.3	0.09	9.7	0.18	10.2	0.12
Category-wise
Financial Sector Employees	9.6	0.39	9.1	0.88	10.6	0.43	10.1	0.62	9.8	0.51	9.7	0.91
Other Employees	9.5	0.16	8.8	0.27	10.6	0.16	10.3	0.11	9.8	0.20	10.2	0.12
Self Employed	9.8	0.16	9.6	0.41	10.6	0.16	10.4	0.11	9.7	0.20	10.2	0.16
Homemaker	9.4	0.16	8.9	0.29	10.5	0.16	10.2	0.10	9.4	0.20	10.0	0.29
Retired Persons	9.8	0.39	9.8	0.66	10.7	0.39	10.5	0.34	9.6	0.45	10.2	0.56
Daily Workers	10.1	0.23	10.0	0.23	11.1	0.22	10.8	0.28	10.2	0.28	10.6	0.20
Other category	9.3	0.23	8.6	0.49	10.3	0.22	10.2	0.14	9.9	0.25	10.3	0.16
Age Group-wise
Up to 25 years	9.1	0.17	8.4	0.34	10.4	0.17	10.2	0.12	9.8	0.21	10.2	0.14
25 to 30 years	9.5	0.18	9.1	0.40	10.6	0.17	10.3	0.14	9.9	0.21	10.2	0.19
30 to 35 years	9.3	0.19	8.7	0.37	10.3	0.19	10.2	0.18	9.3	0.23	9.4	0.55
35 to 40 years	9.6	0.18	9.2	0.40	10.6	0.18	10.3	0.12	9.5	0.21	9.9	0.36
40 to 45 years	10.0	0.20	10.0	0.29	10.9	0.19	10.5	0.15	10.2	0.24	10.6	0.16
45 to 50 years	9.7	0.22	9.4	0.45	10.7	0.22	10.4	0.13	9.7	0.26	10.2	0.34
50 to 55 years	9.8	0.28	9.7	0.54	10.6	0.28	10.4	0.20	9.8	0.34	10.2	0.28
55 to 60 years	9.7	0.30	9.3	0.54	10.7	0.28	10.4	0.23	9.6	0.35	10.1	0.36
60 years and above	10.0	0.32	10.1	0.32	11.0	0.32	10.8	0.51	10.2	0.39	10.6	0.39
City-wise
Ahmedabad	10.5	0.34	10.3	0.26	11.6	0.33	11.5	0.79	9.8	0.48	10.5	0.68
Bengaluru	9.8	0.28	10.1	0.25	10.6	0.28	10.4	0.24	10.2	0.34	10.5	0.31
Bhopal	11.1	0.64	10.9	1.16	11.7	0.62	12.0	1.68	9.7	0.82	10.8	1.50
Bhubaneswar	8.5	0.79	7.7	1.73	10.3	0.72	9.7	1.40	9.8	0.92	9.3	1.94
Chennai	10.6	0.39	10.4	0.15	11.6	0.35	11.2	0.86	11.5	0.42	12.0	1.33
Delhi	8.2	0.23	6.9	0.50	9.1	0.23	8.2	0.30	8.3	0.27	8.1	0.31
Guwahati	9.6	0.57	9.5	1.30	10.0	0.60	9.6	1.16	8.4	0.94	7.7	1.28
Hyderabad	10.3	0.37	10.3	0.27	12.1	0.34	13.1	1.11	12.0	0.41	14.0	1.11
Jaipur	10.1	0.57	9.9	0.66	10.8	0.52	10.7	0.59	8.7	0.65	9.3	0.99
Kolkata	10.8	0.30	10.4	0.18	11.5	0.29	11.3	0.88	10.9	0.35	10.9	0.62
Lucknow	8.8	0.43	8.8	0.57	9.9	0.49	10.2	0.57	9.7	0.49	10.3	0.31
Mumbai	10.0	0.23	9.0	0.37	10.9	0.23	10.3	0.19	8.8	0.32	9.3	0.61
Nagpur	8.4	0.42	7.9	0.66	10.1	0.47	9.9	0.46	9.2	0.64	9.7	0.72
Patna	9.4	0.50	9.7	0.31	10.9	0.69	11.1	0.69	11.0	0.76	11.6	1.14
Thiruvananthapuram	6.3	0.65	5.2	0.33	8.1	0.82	6.6	0.64	8.5	0.86	7.4	0.79
Chandigarh	8.1	0.54	8.3	0.58	8.0	0.54	8.0	0.69	7.5	0.60	7.9	0.82
Ranchi	7.8	0.53	7.0	0.66	8.7	0.60	8.0	0.88	7.5	0.72	7.2	0.72
Raipur	8.7	0.63	7.9	0.79	10.4	0.63	9.9	0.74	10.2	0.79	10.1	0.72
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors for quantitative responses.

Table 3: Household Inflation Expectations – Current Perception, Three Months and One Year Ahead Expectations
	Current Perception				Three Months ahead Expectation				One Year ahead Expectation
	Mean		Median		Mean		Median		Mean		Median
	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
May-19	7.8	0.10	6.6	0.15	8.6	0.10	7.6	0.12	8.4	0.12	8.1	0.16
Nov-19	9.1	0.10	8.2	0.17	9.8	0.11	9.2	0.23	9.7	0.12	9.9	0.19
Jan-20	8.7	0.11	7.6	0.19	9.5	0.11	8.6	0.16	9.3	0.13	9.2	0.25
Mar-20	8.4	0.09	7.6	0.12	9.2	0.10	8.5	0.11	9.1	0.11	9.0	0.18
May-20	9.6	0.09	9.3	0.28	10.6	0.09	10.4	0.06	9.7	0.12	10.2	0.07
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors for quantitative responses.

Table 4: Households Expecting General Price Movements in Coherence with Movements in Price Expectations of Various Product Groups: Three Months Ahead and One Year Ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended	Food	Non-Food	Households durables	Housing	Cost of services
Three Months Ahead
May-19	66.4	65.4	56.8	62.0	66.2
Nov-19	64.7	65.1	51.0	60.7	63.1
Jan-20	66.1	66.2	53.4	59.3	64.5
Mar-20	65.4	64.6	55.8	61.1	64.7
May-20	63.3	59.8	46.5	42.6	57.3
One Year Ahead
May-19	71.6	71.3	62.7	70.7	72.5
Nov-19	73.9	70.9	57.8	69.7	72.3
Jan-20	72.2	70.9	60.3	67.8	72.8
Mar-20	71.9	71.8	63.2	69.9	72.3
May-20	62.3	59.5	50.9	50.3	62.3
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

Table 5(a): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and Three Months Ahead Inflation Expectations: May 2020
Three Months Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)		<1	1-<2	2-<3	3-<4	4-<5	5-<6	6-<7	7-<8	8-<9	9-<10	10-<11	11-<12	12-<13	13-<14	14-<15	15-<16	>=16	No idea	Total
	<1	14	3	5	1	1	4	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	31
	1-<2	0	19	10	6	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35
	2-<3	0	6	80	56	38	16	6	4	3	0	3	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	213
	3-<4	1	2	4	97	40	76	21	7	5	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	256
	4-<5	0	1	4	8	122	68	73	17	9	1	6	0	1	0	0	0	1	1	312
	5-<6	5	2	10	26	19	368	99	148	87	12	130	0	6	0	0	15	4	0	931
	6-<7	1	1	0	6	4	10	131	56	51	19	26	5	5	0	0	1	0	0	316
	7-<8	0	0	2	1	4	8	7	167	50	54	59	6	9	0	3	7	2	0	379
	8-<9	1	1	0	0	1	12	8	0	150	36	112	8	24	9	1	9	7	0	379
	9-<10	0	0	0	1	0	1	2	0	3	74	39	20	33	6	4	11	2	0	196
	10-<11	1	0	0	2	2	42	5	9	18	12	436	35	159	37	8	249	120	1	1136
	11-<12	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	12	6	7	4	6	4	0	40
	12-<13	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	0	4	1	34	14	11	29	8	0	103
	13-<14	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	2	6	11	0	21
	14-<15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	13	4	11	0	29
	15-<16	0	0	0	0	0	2	1	2	0	0	13	1	4	1	0	89	152	0	265
	>=16	2	0	2	0	1	7	0	4	0	1	36	0	3	2	0	38	1017	6	1119
	Total	25	35	117	204	232	615	354	415	377	209	869	88	285	78	46	464	1340	8	5761
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

Table 5(b): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and One Year Ahead Inflation Expectations: May 2020
One Year Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)		<1	1-<2	2-<3	3-<4	4-<5	5-<6	6-<7	7-<8	8-<9	9-<10	10-<11	11-<12	12-<13	13-<14	14-<15	15-<16	>=16	No idea	Total
	<1	12	6	4	2	1	3	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	31
	1-<2	9	10	4	7	2	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	35
	2-<3	18	2	62	42	34	24	12	7	3	0	8	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	213
	3-<4	34	0	4	55	34	62	26	12	13	2	11	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	256
	4-<5	33	0	7	7	89	47	60	19	26	2	9	1	5	1	0	3	3	0	312
	5-<6	121	1	6	10	9	255	65	120	89	20	170	4	18	7	2	21	11	2	931
	6-<7	40	0	0	5	4	4	90	40	45	19	42	7	11	1	1	4	3	0	316
	7-<8	60	1	2	4	4	3	5	113	48	35	60	2	14	0	11	10	6	1	379
	8-<9	57	0	0	1	1	5	3	4	85	30	92	23	35	8	6	13	16	0	379
	9-<10	25	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	45	31	24	19	10	15	18	7	0	196
	10-<11	158	0	0	1	0	22	5	7	9	4	282	33	112	37	20	223	221	2	1136
	11-<12	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	13	1	4	6	4	9	0	40
	12-<13	8	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	1	27	8	16	21	20	0	103
	13-<14	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	4	3	4	9	0	21
	14-<15	5	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	0	0	6	0	16	0	29
	15-<16	39	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	1	13	2	1	1	0	51	153	2	265
	>=16	156	0	0	0	0	7	0	1	1	0	27	0	0	1	1	27	892	6	1119
	Total	778	20	89	134	178	436	267	326	322	158	747	111	244	82	87	400	1369	13	5761
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

¹ सर्वेक्षण, जो रिजर्व बैंक द्वारा द्विमासिक अंतराल पर आयोजित किया जाता है, उत्तरदाताओं के अपेक्षित निकट भविष्य में मुद्रास्फीतिकारी दबाव पर उपयोगी दिशात्मक जानकारी प्रदान करता है और उनकी स्वयं की खपत प्रवृत्ति को प्रतिबिंबित करता है। अतः इन्हें मुद्रास्फीति पर परिवारिक इकाइयो की भावनाओं के रूप में माना जाना चाहिए।