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Education Loan

No. Model Education Loan Scheme, 2021 is currently applicable to Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) only. The list of SCBs is available here.

Answer: The settlement through Indian Rupees (INR) is an additional arrangement to the existing system that uses freely convertible currencies and will work as a complimentary system. This will reduce dependence on hard (freely convertible) currency.

Ans. Conversion of the token back to actual card details is known as de-tokenisation.
The Government Securities Act, 2006 (G S Act) is an Act to consolidate and amend the laws relating to Government securities and its management by the RBI and for matters connected therewith.
It is not necessary that individual alongwith his related parties have shareholding in the NOFHC. However, if any individual belonging to the Promoter Group chooses to become a promoter of the NOFHC, he along with his relatives (as defined in Section 6 of the Companies Act 1956) and along with entities in which he and / or his relatives hold not less than 50 per cent of the voting equity shares can hold voting equity shares not exceeding 10 per cent of the total voting equity shares of the NOFHC. [para 2 ( C ) (ii) (a) of the guidelines]

Ans: Debit cards are issued by banks and are linked to a bank account. Credit cards are issued by scheduled commercial banks (excluding Payments banks), Regional Rural Banks (in collaboration with other banks), and Urban Cooperative Banks, Non-Bank Financial Companies (subject to approval from RBI). Prepaid cards are issued by eligible banks and authorised non-banks.

The Group Entities here refer to the RBI Regulated Entities in the Group, which fulfill the definition of Group Entity, as provided in the Circular. Therefore, if any partner of a Chartered Accountant firm is a director in an RBI Regulated Entity in the Group, the said firm shall not be appointed as SCA/SA of any of the RBI Regulated Entities in the Group. However, if an audit firm is being considered by any of the RBI Regulated Entities in the Group for appointment as SCAs/SAs, whose partner is a director in any of the Group Entities (which are not regulated by RBI), the said audit firm shall make appropriate disclosures to the ACB as well as Board /LMC.

Ans: Para 1 of the Annex I to the Circular dated September 02, 2022 specifies that these Guidelines are applicable to ‘Digital Lending’. Hence, only if a lending transaction qualifies under the definition of ‘Digital Lending’, will the service provider facilitating such lending be designated as LSP.

Ans: The provisions of Clause 34, that require the transfer to be only on cash basis at the time of transfer of loans, shall be without derogation of the provisions of clause 15, which pertains to retained economic interest. However, it is reiterated that any retention of economic interest under clause 15 by the transferor must not result in credit enhancement.

Ans: IIBs are government securities and as such should be classified accordingly as indicated in para 2 (i) of Master circular on investments:

Classification

i) The entire investment portfolio of the banks (including SLR securities and non-SLR securities) should be classified under three categories

viz. 'Held to Maturity',

'Available for Sale' and 'Held for Trading'

* However, in the balance sheet, the investments will continue to be disclosed as per the existing six classifications:

viz. a) Government securities,

b) Other approved securities,

c) Shares,

d) Debentures & Bonds,

e) Subsidiaries / joint ventures and

f) Others (CP, Mutual Fund Units, etc.).

Ans. Any person who contravenes any provision of the FEMA, 1999 [except section 3(a)] or contravenes any rule, regulation, notification, direction or order issued in exercise of the powers under this Act or contravenes any condition subject to which an authorization is issued by the Reserve Bank, can apply for compounding to the Reserve Bank. Applications seeking compounding of contraventions under section 3(a) of FEMA, 1999 may be submitted to the Directorate of Enforcement (DOE).

Ans. In terms of paragraph 4.22 of Master Direction - Reserve Bank of India (Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2025, reinvestment deposits are those deposits where interest (as and when due) is reinvested at the same contracted rate till maturity which is withdrawable with the principal amount on maturity date.

The pension paying banks credit the pension amount in the accounts of the pensioners based on the instructions given by the Pension Paying Authorities.

RESERVE BANK OF INDIA
FINANCIAL MARKETS OPERATION DEPARTMENT

Average of Working Days INR To 100 USD
1945-46 332.25
1946-47 331.96875
1947-48 331.75
1948-49 331.75
1949-50 407.4375
1950-51 477.50
1951-52 478.15625
1952-53 478.25
1953-54 476.25
1954-55 477.78125
1955-56 478.9375
1956-57 479.22
1957-58 478.32
1958-59 476.54
1959-60 476.80
1960-61 476.82
1961-62 477.20
1962-63 477.20
1963-64 478.29

Average of Working Days 1 USD to INR 100
1960-61 20.97
1965-66 20.90
1966-67 20.86 / 13.20
1967-68 13.22
1968-69 13.12
1969-70 13.26
1970-71 13.23

Ans: Paragraph 5.1 of the Master Directions requires Regulated Entities (REs) to immediately report incidents of fraud to Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), subject to applicable laws. Under Section 33 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS), a person is not mandatorily required to report to LEAs information on commission of all offences, but only on those offences which are listed in that Section. REs are, however, advised to mandatorily report incidents of fraud involving an amount of ₹1 lakh or more to LEAs.

Ans. Yes, KYC is mandatorily required to be carried out:

  1. at the time of commencement of an account-based relationship, i.e., opening any type of account with the RE; or
  2. when a walk-in-customer carries out occasional transaction of an amount equal to or exceeding ₹50,000 (whether conducted as a single transaction or several transactions that appear to be connected); or
  3. when a walk-in-customer carries out any international money transfer operations; or
  4. when the RE has a doubt about the authenticity or adequacy of the customer identification data it has obtained; or
  5. when the RE sells its own products or third party products as an agent; payment of dues of credit cards/ sale and reloading of prepaid/ travel cards and any other product for more than ₹50,000.

Ans.: Annual.

Ans: e₹ can be held and transacted through e₹ wallets offered by banks and non-banks for person-to-person payments or person-to-merchant transactions. One can start using the e₹ wallet by downloading the e₹ app from the Play Store or the App Store and by following the App instructions. Detailed instructions on using the e₹ wallet can be checked with the banks and non-banks providing the wallet. Payments to merchants can be made by scanning either the CBDC QR code or the UPI QR code available at the respective merchant location.

Ans: Communications to borrowers envisaged in the circular are:

(a) At the time of sanction:

  1. Annualised rate of interest/ Annual Percentage Rate (APR), as applicable, shall be disclosed in the Key Fact Statement (KFS) and the loan agreement.

  2. The possible impact of change in benchmark interest rate on the loan.

(b) During the tenure of the loan:

  1. Subsequently, any increase in the EMI/tenor on account of the external benchmark rate shall be communicated; and

  2. Quarterly statements shall be provided disclosing at the minimum, the principal and interest recovered till date, EMI amount, number of EMIs left and annualized rate of interest for the tenor of the loan.

The instructions as contained in the circular are not applicable to products covered under the RBI Master Direction - External Commercial Borrowings, Trade Credits and Structured Obligations dated March 26, 2019 (as amended from time to time) and the banks may be guided by the relevant instructions contained in the aforesaid Master Direction.

The AGR Framework of RBI comprises of RBI Ombudsmen (RBIOs), Consumer Education and Protection Cells (CEPCs) and CEPD. The RBIOs function under the framework of RB-IOS, 2021. The CEPCs take up complaints against REs not falling under the ambit of RB-IOS, 2021. CEPD provides assistance to the Appellate Authority (AA) under the RB-IOS and processes the appeal cases.

ಉತ್ತರ. ಬ್ಯಾಂಕೇತರರು ಸ್ಥಾಪಿಸಿದ, ಒಡೆತನಹೊಂದಿದ ಹಾಗೂ ನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುವ ಎಟಿಎಮ್ಗಳನ್ನು ಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂಎಲ್ಎಗಳು ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಬ್ಯಾಂಕೇತರ ಎಟಿಎಮ್ ನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರುಗಳಿಗೆ ಪೇಮೆಂಟ್ &ಸೆಟ್ಲಮೆಂಟ್ ಸಿಸ್ಟಮ್ಸ್ ಆ್ಯಕ್ಟ್ ,2007ಅಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ರಿಸರ್ವ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಆಫ್ ಇಂಡಿಯಾ[ ಆರ್ಬಿಐ] ಅಧಿಕಾರ ನೀಡಿದೆ. ಅಧಿಕೃತ ಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂಎಲ್ಎನಿರ್ವಾಹಕರ ಪಟ್ಟಿಯು ಆರ್ಬಿಐ ವೆಬ್ಸೈಟ್ ನಲ್ಲಿ https://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/PublicationsView.aspx?id=12043ಲಿಂಕ್ನಲ್ಲಿ ಲಭ್ಯವಿರುತ್ತದೆ

Response: Resident Indians [Individuals, HUFs, Proprietorship & Partnership firms, Trusts including Mutual Funds/Exchange Traded Funds registered under SEBI (Mutual Fund) Regulations, Companies, charitable institutions, Central Government, State Government or any other entity owned by Central Government or State Government].

ಇಲ್ಲ. ಯಾವುದೇ ವ್ಯಕ್ತಿಯು ಒಂದು ಬ್ಯಾಂಕಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಒಂದೇ ಒಂದು 'ಬೇಸಿಕ್ ಸೇವಿಂಗ್ಸ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಡಿಪೋಸಿಟ್ ಅಕೌಂಟ್' ಹೊಂದಲು ಅರ್ಹರು.
Ans: It is clarified that treatment advised in the relevant clause (revised clause 77A) for investment by a transferor in SRs backed by stressed loans transferred by it are applicable to all SR investments outstanding as on the date of issuance of the MD. However, lenders other than specified at clause 3(a) & (e) shall be guided by the proviso added to the clause 77A.

ಉತ್ತರ. ಆರ್ಟಿಜಿಎಸ್ ಹಣ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆಯ ಇತರ ವಿಧಾನಗಳಿಗಿಂತ ಅನೇಕ ಅನುಕೂಲಗಳನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ :

ಇದು ಹಣ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆಗಾಗಿ ಸುರಕ್ಷಿತ ಹಾಗೂ ಸುಭದ್ರ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಆರ್ಟಿಜಿಎಸ್ ವಹಿವಾಟುಗಳು/ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆಗಳು ಯಾವುದೇ ಮೊತ್ತದ ಕ್ಯಾಪ್ ಅನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
ಶನಿವಾರಗಳನ್ನು ಒಳಗೊಂಡು ಬಹುತೇಕ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಶಾಖೆಗಳು ಕಾರ್ಯನಿರ್ವಹಿಸುತ್ತಿರುವಾಗ ಎಲ್ಲಾ ದಿನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಈ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯು ಲಭ್ಯವಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಫಲಾನುಭವಿ ಖಾತೆಗೆ ಹಣದ ರಿಯಲ್ ಟೈಮ್ [ನೆಜ ಸಮಯದ ]ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆಯಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ.
ಹಣರವಾನೆದಾರರು ಭೌತಿಕ ಚೆಕ್ ಅಥವಾ ಡಿಮಾಂಡ್ ಡ್ರಾಫ್ಟ್ ಅನ್ನು ಬಳಸಬೇಕಾಗಿಲ್ಲ.
ಫಲಾನುಭವಿಯು ಕಾಗದದ ಸಾಧನಗಳನ್ನು ಠೇವಣಿ ಮಾಡುವುದಕ್ಕಾಗಿ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಶಾಖೆಗೆ ಭೇಟಿ ನೀಡಬೇಕಾಗಿರುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.
ಭೌತಿಕ ಉಪಕರಣಗಳ ಹಾನಿ/ಕಳವು ಅಥವಾ ಮೋಸದ ಎನ್ಖ್ಯಾಶ್ಮೆಂಟ್ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಫಲಾನುಭವಿಯು ಭಯಪಡಬೇಕಾಗಿಲ್ಲ.
ಅವನ/ಅವಳ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ ಅಂತಹ ಸೇವೆಯನ್ನು ನೀಡಿದರೆ ಹಣರವಾನೆದಾರರು ಇಂಟರ್ನೆಟ್ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕಿಂಗ್ ಬಳಸಿಕೊಂಡು ಅವನ/ಅವಳ ಮನೆ/ಕೆಲಸದ ಸ್ಥಳದಿಂದ ಹಣರವಾನೆಯನ್ನು ಪ್ರಾರಂಭಿಸಬಹುದು.
ವಹಿವಾಟಿನ ಶುಲ್ಕಗಳನ್ನು ಆರ್ಬಿಐ ನಿರ್ಬಂಧಿಸಿದೆ
ವಹಿವಾಟು ಕಾನೂನು ಬೆಂಬಲವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿದೆ.

Ans, Every company registered under Section 3 of the Companies Act 1956 seeking registration as NBFC-Factor shall have a minimum Net Owned Fund (NOF) of Rs. 5 crore. Existing companies seeking registration as NBFC-Factor but do not fulfil the NOF criterion of Rs. 5 crore may approach the Bank for time to comply with the requirement.

A link to ATS has been provided in the RBI website http://www.rbi.org.in.

Ans : IDF-MFs can be sponsored by banks and NBFCs. Only banks and Infrastructure Finance companies can sponsor IDF-NBFCs.

Local cheque collection charges are decided by the concerned bank from time to time and communicated to customer through their CCP as part of the Code of Bank’s Commitment to Customers.

Banks cannot charge more than the following for outstation cheques:

Up to and including Rs.5,000 – Rs.25 per instrument + service tax; Above Rs.5,000 and up to and including Rs.10,000 – not exceeding Rs.50 per instrument + service tax; Above Rs.10,000 and up to and including Rs.1,00,000 – not exceeding Rs.100 per instrument + service tax; Above Rs.1,00,000 – left to the banks to decide. No additional charges such as courier charges, out of pocket expenses, etc., should be levied.

It may be noted, no outstation cheque collection charges to be levied if the collecting bank and the paying bank are located within the jurisdiction of the same CTS grid even though they are located in different cities.

  • Yes, capital protection will be provided by paying higher of the adjusted principal and face value (FV) at redemption.

  • If adjusted principal goes below FV due to deflation, the FV would be paid at redemption and thus, capital will get protected.

Ans The remitting bank transmits the funds transfer message to RBI so as to reach NCC, before the cut off time for the settlement, the receiving bank’s account is credited by RBI at the destination centre and beneficiary gets credit on the same day.
Each depositor in a bank is insured upto a maximum of ₹ 5,00,000 (Rupees Five Lakhs) for both principal and interest amount held by him in the same right and same capacity as on the date of liquidation/cancellation of bank's licence or the date on which the scheme of amalgamation/merger/reconstruction comes into force.
An authorized dealer is normally a bank specifically authorized by the Reserve Bank under Section 10(1) of FEMA,1999, to deal in foreign exchange or foreign securities.
Yes. Money changing business can be undertaken by entities authorised by the Reserve Bank under Section 10 of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999. No person shall carry on money changing business without the possession of a valid licence issued by the Reserve Bank. Any person found undertaking money changing business without a valid licence is liable to be penalised under the Act ibid.

Ans. Travellers going to all countries other than (a) and (b) below are allowed to purchase foreign currency notes / coins only up to USD 3000 per visit. Balance amount can be carried in the form of store value cards, travellers cheque or banker’s draft. Exceptions to this are (a) travellers proceeding to Iraq and Libya who can draw foreign exchange in the form of foreign currency notes and coins not exceeding USD 5000 or its equivalent per visit; (b) travellers proceeding to the Islamic Republic of Iran, Russian Federation and other Republics of Commonwealth of Independent States who can draw entire foreign exchange (up-to USD 250,000) in the form of foreign currency notes or coins.

For travellers proceeding for Haj/ Umrah pilgrimage, full amount of entitlement (USD 250,000) in cash or up to the cash limit as specified by the Haj Committee of India, may be released by the ADs and FFMCs.

Ans. Resident as defined in Sec 2(v) 2 of FEMA, 1999. Further, the onus is on the individual to prove his/ her residential status, if questioned by any authority.

All monies for credit to government account like taxes or other remittances can be made by filling the prescribed challans of the Government/Department concerned. The tax payers are encouraged to pay dues to Government electronically by login in to respective government portals. However, if they prefer to pay dues by way of cash, cheque, demand draft, these are required to be tendered with the authorized agency bank branches along with requisite challan
In the specified auctions of Government of India Dated Securities and T-Bills, non-competitive bids up to 5 per cent of the notified amount will be allowed within the notified amount. That is, if the notified amount is Rs.1,000 crore, the amount reserved for non-competitive bidders would be Rs.50 crore and the remaining Rs.950 crore will be put up for competitive auctions.

Only CTS-2010 standards compliant instruments can be presented for clearing through CTS.

CTS-2010 standards contain certain benchmarks towards achieving standardization of cheques issued by banks across the country. These include provision of mandatory minimum-security features on cheque forms like quality of paper, watermark, bank’s logo in invisible ink, void pantograph, etc., and standardisation of field placements on cheques. The minimum-security features and standardisation help presenting banks while scrutinising / recognising cheques of drawee banks in an image-based processing scenario.

Ans : Based on the geographical location of branches covered, there are three broad categories of ECS Schemes – Local ECS, Regional ECS and National ECS.These schemes are either operated by RBI or by the designated commercial banks. NACH is also one of the form of ECS system operated by NPCI and further details about NACH is available at NPCI web site under the link http://www.npci.org.in/clearing_faq.aspx.

Local ECS – this is operating at 81 centres / locations across the country. At each of these ECS centres, the branch coverage is restricted to the geographical coverage of the clearing house, generally covering one city and/or satellite towns and suburbs adjoining the city.

Regional ECS – this is operating at 9 centres / locations at various parts of the country. RECS facilitates the coverage all core-banking-enabled branches in a State or group of States and can be used by institutions desirous of reaching beneficiaries within the State / group of States. The system takes advantage of the core banking system in banks. Accordingly, even though the inter-bank settlement takes place centrally at one location in the State, the actual customers under the Scheme may have their accounts at various bank branches across the length and breadth of the State / group of States.

National ECS – this is the centralized version of ECS Credit which was launched in October 2008. The Scheme is operated at Mumbai and facilitates the coverage of all core-banking enabled branches located anywhere in the country. This system too takes advantage of the core banking system in banks. Accordingly, even though the inter-bank settlement takes place centrally at one location at Mumbai, the actual customers under the Scheme may have their accounts at various bank branches across the length and breadth of the country. Banks are free to add any of their core-banking-enabled branches in NECS irrespective of their location. Details of NECS Scheme are available on the website of Reserve Bank of India at http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts//en/web/rbi/-/national-electronic-clearing-service-procedural-guidelines-2345

The list of centres where the ECS facility is available has been placed on the website of Reserve Bank of India at http://www.rbi.org.in/Scripts/ECSUserView.aspx?Id=26. Similarly, the centre-wise list of bank branches participating at each location is available on the website of Reserve Bank of India at http://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/ECSUserView.aspx?Id=27

As on date, twenty Banking Ombudsmen have been appointed with their offices located mostly in state capitals. The addresses and contact details of the Banking Ombudsman offices have been provided under Annex I of the Scheme.
The non competitive bidding facility will encourage wider participation and retail holding of government securities.It will enable individuals , firms and other mid segment investors who do not have the expertise to bid competitively in the auctions.Such investors will have fair chance of assured allotments at the rate which emerges in the auction.Scope of the scheme
Interest on term deposits is payable at quarterly or longer rests. Banks can pay interest monthly by discounting the quarterly interest accrued.
Authorised dealers can continue to effect remittances upto the amount approved by RBI and within the validity period, as indicated in the RBI approval, provided no changes have been made in the relevant guidelines and/or regulations, after issuance of the RBI approval.
From exchange control point of view, no monitoring is required. However, the banks are free to put in place such administrative arrangements as considered necessary for a smooth conduct of accounts, especially in cases where it is likely that a request for repatriation of funds outside India will be made.
Yes, the tourists can freely make local payments by debit to the NRO account.
Resident individuals are permitted to make overseas portfolio investments without any limit in listed overseas companies that have at least 10% share in an Indian company listed in a recognized stock exchange in India as on 1st January of the year of investment.
Release of foreign exchange for studies abroad up to the estimate given by an institution abroad or US$30,000 per academic year, whichever is higher, does not require prior permission from the Reserve Bank.

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