New FAQ Page 2 - ಆರ್ಬಿಐ - Reserve Bank of India
NBFC-Infrastructure Finance Companies
Ans: 50%
Ans. Individuals can avail of foreign exchange facility for the following purposes within the LRS limit of USD 2,50,000 on financial year basis:
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Private visits to any country (except Nepal and Bhutan)
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Gift or donation
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Going abroad for employment
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Emigration
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Maintenance of close relatives abroad
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Travel for business, or attending a conference or specialised training or for meeting expenses for meeting medical expenses, or check-up abroad, or for accompanying as attendant to a patient going abroad for medical treatment/ check-up
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Expenses in connection with medical treatment abroad
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Studies abroad
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Any other current account transaction which is not covered under the definition of current account in FEMA 1999.
The AD bank may undertake the remittance transaction without RBI’s permission for all residual current account transactions which are not prohibited/ restricted transactions under Schedule I, II or III of FEM (CAT) Rules, 2000, as amended or are defined in FEMA 1999. It is for the AD to satisfy themselves about the genuineness of the transaction, as hitherto.
Ans: Following is the step-wise flow of NEFT transaction.
Step-1: An individual / firm / corporate willing to transfer funds through NEFT can use the internet / mobile banking facility offered by his / her bank for initiating online funds transfer request. The remitter has to provide details of beneficiary such as, name of the beneficiary, name of the bank branch where the beneficiary has an account, IFSC of the beneficiary bank branch, account type and account number, etc. for addition of the beneficiary to his / her internet / mobile banking module. Upon successful beneficiary addition, the remitter can initiate online NEFT funds transfer by authorising debit to his / her account. Alternatively, the remitter can also visit his / her bank branch for initiating NEFT funds transfer through branch / off-line mode. The customer has to fill-in the beneficiary details in NEFT application form available at the bank branch and authorise the branch to debit to his / her account to the extent of the amount requested in NEFT application form.
Step-2: The originating bank prepares a message and sends the message to its pooling centre, also called the NEFT Service Centre.
Step-3: The pooling centre forwards the message to the NEFT Processing Centre, operated by the RBI, to be included for the next available batch.
Step-4: The Processing Centre sorts the funds transfer transactions beneficiary bank-wise and prepares accounting entries to receive funds from the originating banks (debit) and give the funds to the beneficiary banks (credit). Thereafter, bank-wise remittance messages are forwarded to the beneficiary banks through their pooling centre (NEFT Service Centre).
Step-5: The beneficiary banks receive the inward remittance messages from the Processing Centre and pass on the credit to the beneficiary customers’ accounts.
Ans: Only those LSPs which have an interface with the borrowers would need to appoint a nodal Grievance Redressal Officer. However, it may be reiterated that the RE shall remain responsible for ensuring resolution of complaints arising out of actions of all LSPs engaged by them.
Ans: It is clarified that treatment advised in the relevant clause (revised clause 77A) for investment by a transferor in SRs backed by stressed loans transferred by it are applicable to all SR investments outstanding as on the date of issuance of the MD. However, lenders other than specified at clause 3(a) & (e) shall be guided by the proviso added to the clause 77A.
Ans: IIBs classified under AFS and HFT may be valued at clean price quoted in the market at the time of acquisition. At the time of subsequent mark to market, the clean price quoted in the market as available from trades/quotes or clean price provided by FIMMDA may be treated as market value. Once this market value has been determined, the standard accounting procedures as applicable to HFT/AFS may be applied.
Ans. When a person is made aware of the contravention of the provisions of FEMA, 1999 by the Reserve Bank or any other statutory authority or the auditors or by any other means, she/he may apply for compounding. One can also make an application for compounding, suo mo-to, on becoming aware of the contravention.
Ans. No. In terms of paragraph 9.1.6 of these Directions, children (including minor) are not eligible for additional interest admissible to deceased member of the bank’s staff.
(a) Agency banks are requested to seek guidance from respective Pension Sanctioning Authorities regarding the process to be followed for recovery of excess pension paid to the pensioners, if any.
(b) Where excess pension payment has arisen on account of mistakes committed by the bank, the amount paid in excess should be refunded to the Government in lump-sum immediately after detection of the same and without waiting for recovery of any amount from the pensioners.
Ans: The requirement of ensuring compliance to the Principles of Natural Justice is applicable to all Persons / Entities and its Promoters / Whole-time and Executive Directors classified as fraud by the REs. In other words, this requirement is applicable in all cases of fraud classification which may have civil consequences (i.e. penal measures, caution listing) as observed in the Judgement of the Hon’ble Supreme Court dated March 27, 2023 (Civil Appeal No. 7300 of 2022 in the matter of State Bank of India & Ors. Vs. Rajesh Agarwal & Ors.).
Ans. A “Walk-in Customer” means a person who does not have an account-based relationship with the RE, but undertakes transactions with the RE.
Ans.: The respondent companies/LLPs/proprietorship firms can submit their responses on or before July 15 of every year.
Ans: e₹ wallet is a digital wallet that can be opened on one’s mobile phone/device. e₹ wallet stores the Digital Rupee, similar to the physical wallet/purse that stores the physical currency. e₹ wallets are being currently provided by banks and non-banks, which are part of the retail CBDC pilot.
Ans: Whenever there is a reset of interest rates for an entire class of borrowers in a particular loan category, say home loan, due to increase in the reference benchmark; the RE shall provide the following options to the borrowers:
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Either enhancement in EMI or elongation of number of EMIs, keeping the EMI unchanged or a combination of both options;
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Switch to fixed interest rate for the remaining portion of the loan; and
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To prepay, either in part or in full, at any point during the residual tenor of the loan.
The material terms and conditions may be defined, if not already done, as per the credit policy of the bank and they may vary from one category of loan to another, and also, from lender to lender based on their own assessment.
RB-IOS, 2021 covers all commercial banks, Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), Payment System Participants, most Primary (Urban) Cooperative Banks, and Credit Information Companies. The REs covered under the RB-IOS, 2021 are listed under Question 11.
ಉತ್ತರ. ಗ್ರಾಹಕರಿಗಾಗಿ, ಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂಎಲ್ಎ ಬಳಸುವುದು ಡಬ್ಲ್ಯೂಎಲ್ಎಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ನಗದು ಠೇವಣಿ ಹಾಗೂ ಕೆಲವು ಮೌಲ್ಯವರ್ಧಿತ ಸೇವೆಗಳನ್ನು ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸಲು ಅನುಮತಿಸುವುದಿಲ್ಲ ಎಂಬುದನ್ನು ಹೊರತುಪಡಿಸಿ ಬೇರೆ ಯಾವುದೇ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ [ಕಾರ್ಡ್ ನೀಡುವ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್ನ ಹೊರತಾದ ಬ್ಯಾಂಕ್] ನ ಎಟಿಎಮ್ ಅನ್ನು ಬಳಸುವಂತೆಯೇ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ.
Particulars | Non-Resident (External) Rupee Account Scheme [NRE Account] |
Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Account (Banks) Scheme [FCNR (B) Account] | Non-Resident Ordinary Rupee Account Scheme [NRO Account] | |
(1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | |
Who can open an account |
NRIs and PIOs Individual/entities of Pakistan and Bangladesh shall requires prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India |
Any person resident outside India for putting through bonafide transactions in rupees. Individuals/ entities of Pakistan nationality/ origin and entities of Bangladesh origin require the prior approval of the Reserve Bank of India. A Citizen of Bangladesh/Pakistan belonging to minority communities in those countries i.e. Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and Christians residing in India and who has been granted LTV or whose application for LTV is under consideration, can open only one NRO account with an AD bank subject to the conditions mentioned in Notification No. FEMA 5(R)/2016-RB dated April 01, 2016, as updated from time to time. Post Offices in India may maintain savings bank accounts in the names of persons resident outside India and allow operations on these accounts subject to the same terms and conditions as are applicable to NRO accounts maintained with an authorised dealer/ authorised bank. |
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Joint account |
May be held jointly in the names of two or more NRIs/ PIOs. NRIs/ PIOs can hold jointly with a resident relative on ‘former or survivor’ basis (relative as defined in Companies Act, 2013). The resident relative can operate the account as a Power of Attorney holder during the life time of the NRI/ PIO account holder. |
May be held jointly in the names of two or more NRIs/ PIOs. May be held jointly with residents on ‘former or survivor’ basis. |
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Currency | Indian Rupees | Any permitted currency i.e. a foreign currency which is freely convertible | Indian Rupees | |
Type of Account | Savings, Current, Recurring, Fixed Deposit | Term Deposit only | Savings, Current, Recurring, Fixed Deposit | |
Period for fixed deposits | From one to three years, However, banks are allowed to accept NRE deposits above three years from their Asset-Liability point of view | For terms not less than 1 year and not more than 5 years | As applicable to resident accounts. | |
Permissible Credits |
Credits permitted to this account are inward remittance from outside India, interest accruing on the account, interest on investment, transfer from other NRE/ FCNR(B) accounts, maturity proceeds of investments (if such investments were made from this account or through inward remittance). Current income like rent, dividend, pension, interest etc. will be construed as a permissible credit to the NRE account. Care: Only those credits which have not lost repatriable character |
Inward remittances from outside India, legitimate dues in India and transfers from other NRO accounts are permissible credits to NRO account. Rupee gift/ loan made by a resident to a NRI/ PIO relative within the limits prescribed under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme may be credited to the latter’s NRO account. |
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Permissible Debits | Permissible debits are local disbursements, remittance outside India, transfer to other NRE/ FCNR(B) accounts and investments in India. |
The account can be debited for the purpose of local payments, transfers to other NRO accounts or remittance of current income abroad. Apart from these, balances in the NRO account cannot be repatriated abroad except by NRIs and PIOs up to USD 1 million, subject to conditions specified in Foreign Exchange Management (Remittance of Assets) Regulations, 2016. Funds can be transferred to NRE account within this USD 1 Million facility. |
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Repatriablity | Repatriable |
Not repatriable except for all current income. Balances in an NRO account of NRIs/ PIOs are remittable up to USD 1 (one) million per financial year (April-March) along with their other eligible assets. |
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Taxabilty | Income earned in the accounts is exempt from income tax and balances exempt from wealth tax | Taxable | ||
Loans in India |
AD can sanction loans in India to the account holder/ third parties without any limit, subject to usual margin requirements. These loans cannot be repatriated outside India and can be used in India only for the purposes specified in the regulations. In case of loans sanctioned to a third party, there should be no direct or indirect foreign exchange consideration for the non-resident depositor agreeing to pledge his deposits to enable the resident individual/ firm/ company to obtain such facilities. In case of the loan sanctioned to the account holder, it can be repaid either by adjusting the deposits or through inward remittances from outside India through banking channels or out of balances held in the NRO account of the account holder. The facility for premature withdrawal of deposits will not be available where loans against such deposits are availed of. The term “loan” shall include all types of fund based/ non-fund based facilities. |
Loans against the deposits can be granted in India to the account holder or third party subject to usual norms and margin requirement. The loan amount cannot be used for relending, carrying on agricultural/ plantation activities or investment in real estate. The term “loan” shall include all types of fund based/ non-fund based facilities. |
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Loans outside India |
Authorised Dealers may allow their branches/ correspondents outside India to grant loans to or in favour of non-resident depositor or to third parties at the request of depositor for bona fide purpose against the security of funds held in the NRE/ FCNR (B) accounts in India, subject to usual margin requirements. The term “loan” shall include all types of fund based/ non-fund based facilities |
Not permitted | ||
Rate of Interest | As per guidelines issued by the Department of Regulation | |||
Operations by Power of Attorney in favour of a resident | Operations in the account in terms of Power of Attorney is restricted to withdrawals for permissible local payments or remittance to the account holder himself through normal banking channels. | Operations in the account in terms of Power of Attorney is restricted to withdrawals for permissible local payments in rupees, remittance of current income to the account holder outside India or remittance to the account holder himself through normal banking channels. While making remittances, the limits and conditions of repatriability will apply. | ||
Change in residential status from Non-resident to resident | NRE accounts should be designated as resident accounts or the funds held in these accounts may be transferred to the RFC accounts, at the option of the account holder, immediately upon the return of the account holder to India for taking up employment or on change in the residential status. |
On change in residential status, FCNR (B) deposits may be allowed to continue till maturity at the contracted rate of interest, if so desired by the account holder. Authorised dealers should convert the FCNR(B) deposits on maturity into resident rupee deposit accounts or RFC account (if the depositor is eligible to open RFC account), at the option of the account holder. |
NRO accounts may be designated as resident accounts on the return of the account holder to India for any purpose indicating his intention to stay in India for an uncertain period. Likewise, when a resident Indian becomes a person resident outside India, his existing resident account should be designated as NRO account. |
Response: The scheme envisages the following types of deposits –
Sr. No. |
Type of Deposit |
Duration |
Minimum Lock-in Period |
Applicable Interest Rate |
Periodicity of Interest Payment |
i. |
Short Term Bank Deposit (STBD) |
1-3 years |
As determined by banks |
As determined by banks |
As determined by banks |
ii. |
Medium Term Government Deposit (MTGD) |
5-7 years |
3 years |
2.25% p.a. |
Simple Interest annually or cumulative interest at time of maturity compounded annually. |
iii. |
Long Term Government Deposit (LTGD) |
12-15 years |
5 years |
2.50% p.a. |
Simple Interest annually or cumulative interest at time of maturity compounded annually. |
It may be noted that consequent to Government of India’s press release ID 2115009 dated March 25, 2025, mobilization of MTGD and LTGD, including renewal of existing deposits, has been discontinued with effect from March 26, 2025.
In terms of the Master Directions - Reserve Bank of India (Priority Sector Lending – Targets and Classification) Directions, 2025 dated March 24, 2025, all bank loans to MSMEs shall qualify for classification under priority sector lending (PSL). The definition of MSMEs shall be as given in the Master Direction - Lending to MSME Sector FIDD.MSME & NFS.12/06.02.31/2017-18 dated July 24, 2017 as updated from time to time. For PSL classification purposes, banks shall be guided by the classification recorded in the Udyam Registration Certificate (URC)/ Udyam Assist Certificate (UAC).
Further, RBI has, from time to time, issued a number of instructions / guidelines to banks relating to lending to the MSME Sector. The Master Direction FIDD.MSME & NFS.12/06.02.31/2017-18 dated July 24, 2017 incorporates the updated instructions / guidelines on the subject. The instructions issued by RBI, to banks, on various matters are available on our website www.rbi.org.in.
The Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises vide Office Memorandum No. 5/2(2)/2021-E/P & G/Policy dated July 02, 2021 decided to include Retail and Wholesale trade as MSMEs for the limited purpose of Priority Sector Lending and they would be allowed to be registered on Udyam Registration Portal. Detailed guidelines are available in our circular FIDD.MSME & NFS.BC.No.13/06.02.31/2021-22 dated July 07, 2021.
For the borrowers eligible for resolution under the circular dated August 6, 2020 on Resolution Framework for COVID-19-related Stress, the circular dated August 6, 2020 will be applicable if a resolution process under the circular is invoked. For all other borrowers, the extant instructions as otherwise applicable shall still be in force. However, if any entity is otherwise eligible to be resolved under the Resolution Framework, only Resolution Framework can be used for resolving the stress arising out of the pandemic.
ಉತ್ತರ. ಎನ್ಇಎಫ್ಟಿಯು ಎಲೆಕ್ಟ್ರಾನಿಕ್ ಫಂಡ್ ವರ್ಗಾವಣೆಯ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯಾಗಿದ್ದು ಇದರಲ್ಲಿ ನಿರ್ದಿಷ್ಟ ಸಮಯದವರೆಗೆ ಪಡೆದ ವಹಿವಾಟುಗಳನ್ನು ಬ್ಯಾಚ್ಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಪರಿಷ್ಕರಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದಕ್ಕೆ ಪ್ರತಿಕೂಲವಾಗಿ ಆರ್ಟಿಜಿಎಸ್ನಲ್ಲಿ , ಆರ್ಟಟಿಜಿಎಸ್ ವ್ಯವಹಾರದ ಸಮಯಗಳ ಉದ್ದಕ್ಕೂ ವಹಿವಾಟಿನ ಆಧಾರದ ಮೂಲಕ ವಹಿವಾಟಿನ ಮೇಲೆ ವಹಿವಾಟುಗಳನ್ನು ನಿರಂತರವಾಗಿ ಪರಿಷ್ಕರಿಸಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ.
Answer: Unless otherwise specifically stated in the features of the account, a foreign currency account maintained by a person resident in India with an authorized dealer in India can be opened, held and maintained in the form of current or savings or term deposit account in cases where the account holder is an individual, and in the form of current account or term deposit account in all other cases. The account can be held singly or jointly in the name of person eligible to open, hold and maintain such account.
No bank can refuse to accept outstation cheques deposited for collection or refuse to offer its products to customers.
Ans. Not permanently resident means a person resident in India for employment of a specified duration (irrespective of length) or for a specific job duration which does not exceed three years.
Ans: Indian Financial System Code (IFSC) is an alpha-numeric code that uniquely identifies a bank-branch participating in the NEFT system. It is a 11-digit code with the first 4 alpha characters representing the bank, and the last 6 characters representing the branch. The 5th character is 0 (zero). IFSC is used by the NEFT system to identify the originating / destination banks / branches and also to route the messages appropriately to the concerned banks / branches.
Ans. A resident of India, who has gone out of India on a temporary visit may bring into India at the time of his return from any place outside India (other than Nepal and Bhutan), currency notes of Government of India and Reserve Bank of India notes up to an amount not exceeding Rs.25,000. A person may bring into India from Nepal or Bhutan, currency notes of Government of India and Reserve Bank of India notes, in denomination not exceeding Rs.100. Any person resident outside India, not being a citizen of Pakistan and Bangladesh and also not a traveller coming from and going to Pakistan and Bangladesh, and visiting India may bring into India currency notes of Government of India and Reserve Bank of India notes up to an amount not exceeding Rs.25,000 while entering only through an airport.
These guidelines have been notified by Reserve Bank of India in its Notification FEMA No.19 dated 3rd May 2000 as amended from time to time which can be accessed at the Reserve Bank’s website fema.rbi.org.in.
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The consumer price index (CPI) reflects the inflation people at large face and therefore, globally CPI or Retail Price Index (RPI) is used for inflation target by the Central Banks as well as for providing inflation protection in IIBs.
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In India, all India CPI is being released since January 2011 and it will take some time in stabilizing. Monetary policy has also been continuing to target WPI for its price stability objective. In view of above, it has been decided to consider WPI for inflation protection in IIBs.
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The regulatory reporting under FETERS (R Return) will be undertaken by the Bank maintaining SNRR A/c.
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Any credit / debit to / from an SNRR account from / to an offshore account of the non-resident entity holding the SNRR account will be reported under AD bank transfer.
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Any credit / debit to / from an SNRR account from / to a domestic (Indian) party will be reported basis underlying transaction (import, export, Trade Credit, services, ECB, etc).
Please note that bank holding SNRR account shall follow the reporting procedure as applicable to other INR Vostro accounts held by it. Please also refer to A.P. (DIR Series) Circular No. 25 March 20, 2019 on Compilation of R-Returns: Reporting under FETERS.