Contents - ആർബിഐ - Reserve Bank of India
105309149
പ്രസിദ്ധീകരിച്ചത് മേയ് 03, 2023
Contents
Sr. No. | |
Chapter I : The Climate Strikes Back | |
1. | Introduction |
2. | Global Manifestation of Climate Change |
3. | Climate Policy Action |
4. | India’s Involvement in Global Climate Change and Action |
5. | Climate Change and the Reserve Bank of India |
6. | Concluding Observations |
Chapter II : Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change In India | |
1. | Introduction |
2. | India’s Exposure to Climate Shocks |
3. | Manifestation of Climate Change in India |
4. | Macroeconomic Impact of Climate Change in India |
5. | India’s Transition Towards Net Zero |
6. | Sectoral Green Transition Challenges |
7. | Concluding Observations |
Chapter III : Climate Change and Financial Sector | |
1. | Introduction |
2. | Financial Risks due to Climate Change |
3. | Modelling the Macro-Financial Transmission of Climate Risk |
4. | Stakeholders’ Survey on Financial Risks |
5. | Climate Stress Test for Indian Banks |
6. | Green Financing Requirement |
7. | Mitigation of Financial Risks |
8. | Concluding Observations |
Chapter IV : Policy Options to Mitigate Climate Risks | |
1. | Introduction |
2. | Fiscal Policy Initiatives |
3. | Innovation and Technology Adoption |
4. | Trade Policy |
5. | Regulatory Measures |
6. | Market-based Solutions |
7. | Monetary Policy |
8. | Nudging Behavioural Change |
9. | Impact of Policy Interventions on Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Scenario Analysis |
10. | Concluding Observations |
LIST OF BOXES | |
Sr. No. | |
I.1 | Decoupling of Global Growth and GHG Emissions |
I.2 | International Climate Equity and Justice: Some Analytical Insights |
I.3 | Implications of Climate Risk Factors for Indian Agriculture |
I.4 | Energy Transition Scenarios for India |
II.1 | Economic Impact of Cyclone Amphan on the Coastal Districts of West Bengal and Odisha |
II.2 | Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Emissions: The Trade-offs |
II.3 | Climate Change Impact on GDP – A Comparative Assessment |
III.1 | Measuring Indian Banks’ Transition Risk using an Energy Intensity Metric |
III.2 | Role of NBFCs in Propagating Climate Change Impact |
III.3 | Climate Risk Impact Assessment in a DSGE Model for India |
III.4 | Performance of ESG Indices vis-à-vis Broad Market Indices |
IV.1 | Emerging Market (EM) Green Bonds: The Significance of Greenium |
IV.2 | Innovation for Sustainable Energy Transition |
IV.3 | Green PLI – Exploring India’s Export Potential in Climate Friendly Goods (CFGs) |
IV.4 | Carbon Emissions Embedded in International Trade – India’s Perspective |
IV.5 | Do Indian Companies Walk the Talk on ESG? |
LIST OF TABLES | |
Sr. No. | |
I.1 | Bai-Perron Structural Breaks in GCCI |
I.2 | Cumulative CO2 Emissions: India vis-à-vis World |
I.3 | India’s Action Related to Climate Change |
II.1 | Sector-wise Share in GVA and CO2 Emission Intensity (2018-19) In India |
II.2 | Onset and Withdrawal of Monsoon in India |
II.3 | Difference-in-Difference Panel Data Results |
II.4 | Scenario Assumptions |
II.5 | Energy Transition and GHG Emissions Towards Net Zero by 2070 vis-a-vis 2021-22 |
II.6 | Electricity Tariff in India in 2021-22 |
II.7 | Plant-level Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) Calculation |
II.8 | Transport Sector - Energy Consumption and Emission (2019) |
II.9 | Manufacturing Firms in India: Energy Intensity, Output and Emissions |
II.10 | Share of Fuels in Indian Manufacturing Sector |
II.11 | Fuel Usage in Indian Manufacturing Sector (2019-20) |
III.1 | Projected Estimates of Green Finance Requirements |
IV.1 | Step-wise Considerations for Implementing a Carbon Tax |
IV.2 | Carbon Tax and ETS: Advantages and Disadvantages |
IV.3 | Carbon Pricing Mechanism in Emerging Market Economies |
IV.4 | Emissions Trading Model in Surat |
IV.5 | Machine Learning and its Deployment for Climate Change Solutions |
IV.6 | Digital Tools Used for Promoting Energy Efficiency |
IV.7 | Environmental Provisions in Most of the Global PTAs |
IV.8 | Composition of State Energy and Climate Index (SECI) |
LIST OF CHARTS | |
Sr. No. | |
I.1 | Estimated Global Temperature Over Past 500 Million Years |
I.2 | Causes of Recent Global Warming |
I.3 | Historical GHG Emissions |
I.4 | Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly |
I.5 | Ocean Heat Content and Sea Level Rise |
I.6 | Global Ocean Acidification |
I.7 | Ice and Glacier Balance |
I.8 | Global Precipitation Anomaly |
I.9 | Evolution of Climate Change |
I.10 | Global Climate Change and Disaster Events |
I.11 | Target Year of Commitment for Countries |
I.12 | Number of Net Zero Pledges and Share of Global CO2 Emissions Covered |
I.13 | Number of Reported Deaths Due to Weather-Related Calamities |
I.14 | Change in Global CO2 Emissions and GDP |
I.15 | Global Carbon Emission Paths |
I.16 | Global Temperature Rise over Pre-Industrial Average |
I.17 | Mobilisation of Climate Finance from Developed to Developing Countries |
I.18 | Use of Climate Finance |
I.19 | Reported Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Hazards |
I.20 | Global Carbon Tax Coverage |
I.21 | Global ETS Coverage |
I.22 | Annual Surface Temperature Anomaly (Compared to baseline 1950 to 1980) |
I.23 | Change in Surface Air Temperature over the Indian Region |
I.24 | Climate Change-Related Disaster Frequency (Number of Events) |
I.25 | Per Capita CO2 Emissions |
I.26 | Energy Intensity of GDP |
I.27 | Climate Change Performance Index, Select Countries |
I.28 | Share of Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels |
I.29 | Impact of Climate Risk on Monetary Transmission |
I.30 | Average Carbon Footprint of Bank Loans in Select Countries |
II.1 | Risks Emanating from Climate Change across Geographical Regions in India |
II.2 | Sectoral Composition in GVA and CO2 Emissions in India |
II.3 | Share of Fossil Fuel and Non-Fossil Fuel based Energy Sources in India’s Energy Consumption |
II.4 | India’s Energy-Mix at A Disaggregated Level |
II.5 | Average Annual Temperature in India |
II.6 | Minimum and Maximum Temperature in India |
II.7 | Global and Indian Temperature Anomaly |
II.8 | Mean Temperature and Anomaly from Normal Temperature |
II.9 | Total Rainfall and Rainfall Departure from LPA |
II.10 | Frequency of Unseasonal Rains and Heatwaves in India |
II.11 | Frequency and Intensity of Cyclonic Storms in India during 1901-2022 |
II.12 | Spatial Distribution and Frequency of Severe Cyclones |
II.13 | Frequency of Drought/Flood Years in the Indian Coastal States during 1951-2021 |
II.14 | Number of Natural Disasters in India |
II.15 | Total Foodgrains Production in India |
II.16 | Contribution of TOP to Headline and Food Inflation Volatility |
II.17 | Existing Path of the Kaya Factors |
II.18 | Estimated GHG Emissions - Scenarios |
II.19 | GHG Emissions Modelled Pathways for India as per the Climate Action Tracker |
II.20 | Impact on India’s GDP |
II.21 | Combined Impact of Physical and Transition Risks on India’s GDP |
II.22 | Impact on India’s Inflation |
II.23 | Combined Impact of Physical and Transition Risks on India's Inflation |
II.24 | CO2 Intensity of Electricity Grids (2019) |
II.25 | Passenger and Freight Movements by Modes of Transport |
II.26 | EV Registrations in India |
II.27 | Decomposition of Energy Use Transition |
III.1 | Physical and Transition Risk Indicators |
III.2 | Bank Credit to Green vis-à-vis Brown Industries |
III.3 | GNPAs of Green vis-à-vis Brown Industries |
III.4 | Sectoral Distribution of NBFC Credit |
III.5 | Respondents’ Affiliation |
III.6 | Source of Climate Threat |
III.7 | Sectoral Exposure to Climate Risk |
III.8 | Comparison of Climate and Non-Climate Stress Test Methodologies |
III.9 | Studies on Climate Stress Tests for Physical Risks |
III.10 | Studies on Climate Stress Tests for Transition Risks |
III.11 | Climate Beta |
III.12 | Climate Stress Test: PSBs vis-à-vis PVBs |
III.13 | Bank Credit to Non-Conventional Energy Sector |
III.14 | Spatial Distribution of Bank Credit to Non-conventional Energy |
III.15 | Taxonomy as a policy instrument to achieve high-level sustainability goals |
III.16 | Corporate and Government Green Bonds by Country |
III.17 | Issuer-wise Break up of Green Bonds Issued in India (per cent) |
III.18 | Non-life Insurance in India vis-à-vis World |
IV.1 | Summary Map of Carbon Pricing Initiatives |
IV.2 | Tax Revenues from Non-Renewable Energy |
IV.3 | Countries with Highest Subsidies on Non-renewable Energy |
IV.4 | CO2 Emissions and Carbon Tax |
IV.5 | Sovereign Green Bond Issuances |
IV.6 | Cost and Use Trends of Various Energy Sources |
IV.7 | Net Electricity Production by Source (TWh) |
IV.8 | Mineral Intensity of Selected Clean and Fossil Energy Technologies |
IV.9 | Geographic Concentration of Selected Clean Energy Technologies by Supply Chain Stage and Country/Region, 2021 |
IV.10 | Digitalization’s Potential Impact on Energy Demand Sectors |
IV.11 | Trade Imbalances in GHG Emissions |
IV.12 | Sector-Wise CSR Expenditure |
IV.13 | CSR Expenditure by Companies |
IV.14 | States Ranking and Score in SECI |
IV.15 | Sectoral Average ESG Score |
IV.16 | Relationship between Market Capitalisation and ESG Score |
IV.17 | ESG Funds in India |
IV.18 | Private Capital Assets Management |
IV.19 | Scenario Analysis for CO2 Emission Reduction |
ANNEX | |
Sr. No. | |
I.1 | Major Global Interventions for Climate Change |
I.2 | Climate Policies Being Implemented in Select Countries |
II.1 | The NIGEM Model – Key Features |
III.1 | Methodology and Underlying Assumptions for Measurement of Green Finance Requirements |
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