Reserve Bank of India (Urban Co-operative Banks – Branch Authorisation) Directions, 2025
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DRAFT FOR COMMENTS RBI/2025-26/-- XX, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Urban Co-operative Banks - Branch Authorisation) Directions, 2025 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 23 read with 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest to do so, hereby issues the Directions hereinafter specified. A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Urban Co-operative Banks - Branch Authorisation) Directions, 2025. 2. These directions shall come into force with immediate effect. 3. These Directions shall be applicable to Urban Co-operative Banks (hereinafter collectively referred to as 'UCBs' and individually as a 'UCB'). In this context, ‘urban co-operative banks’ shall mean Primary Co-operative Banks as defined under section 5(ccv) read with Section 56 of Banking Regulation Act, 1949. 4. In these Directions, unless the context states otherwise, the terms herein shall bear the meanings assigned to them below:
5. All other expressions, unless defined herein, shall have the same meaning as have been assigned to them under the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 or the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 or any statutory modification or re-enactment thereto, or Glossary of Terms published by RBI or as used in commercial parlance, as the case may be. Chapter II – Role of Board of Directors 6. A bank shall put in place separate Board-approved policies for the following:
7. The Board of a bank shall put in place an institutionalised system for periodically reviewing the implementation of the Business Facilitator / Business Corresponded model at the Board level. Chapter III – Branch Authorisation 8. A UCB may expand its Area of Operation through a resolution passed by the general body and getting the amended bye-laws registered with the Registrar of Co-operative Societies (RCS) / Central Registrar of Co-operative Societies (CRCS). A UCB shall seek prior permission (No Objection Certificate) from RBI for such revision, wherever applicable using the Pravaah portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). 9. The general permission of branch expansion in the approved area of operation shall be available to UCBs in all Tiers (except Salary Earners’ Banks) which comply with applicable Financially Sound and Well Managed (FSWM) criteria as stipulated below: (i) The CRAR shall be at least one percentage point above the minimum CRAR applicable to a UCB as on the reference date; (ii) Net NPA of not more than three percent; (iii) Net profit for at least three out of the preceding four years subject to it not having incurred a net loss in the immediate preceding year; (iv) No default in the maintenance of CRR / SLR during the preceding financial year; (v) Sound internal control system with at least two professional directors on the Board; (vi) Core Banking Solution (CBS) fully implemented; and (vii) No monetary penalty should have been imposed on the bank on account of violation of RBI directives / guidelines during the last two financial years. Explanation: A UCB which fulfills the above stated seven norms, is called a ‘Financially Sound and Well Managed (FSWM)’ UCB. 10. An eligible FSWM UCB shall put in place a policy, approved by its Board of Directors for opening branches. The policy shall be formulated keeping in view the financial health of the UCB, viability study of the new branches and customer service and must be updated periodically to keep it aligned with revised RBI guidelines. The eligible UCB is permitted to open new branches up to 10 percent of the number of full-fledged branches (at the end of previous financial year) in a financial year, subject to a maximum of five branches without having the need to take permission from RBI. However, if the total number of full-fledged branches (at the end of previous financial year) is less than 10, the UCB will be eligible to open at least one branch. Further, the UCB shall ensure that the proposal for opening of such branches in a particular financial year, based on its policy, is duly approved by its Board of Directors. It is clarified that a UCB has the liberty to either open a new branch or upgrade an Extension Counter, which has been in operation for more than three years, to a full-fledged branch, within the overall limit of 10 percent. Opening of Extension counters, Controlling Offices (Regional / Zonal / Administrative Office), ATMs etc. is not covered under this route. 11. A UCB shall report to concerned Regional Office of Department of Regulation (Central Office, in case of UCBs under jurisdiction of Mumbai office) of RBI, immediately and in any case not later than 15 calendar days, after opening of the branch complying with all the rules, as per the format given in Annex I. C. Authorisation Policy - Eligibility Criteria 12. An FSWM UCB shall be eligible to open branches / extension counters (ECs) in its approved area of operation beyond the current annual ceiling of 10 per cent and upgrade ECs which are in operation for more than three years, provided it has the required headroom capital (prescribed in Annex VI (Part 2)) in terms of assessed net worth (ANW) per branch, including existing branches (methodology given in Annex VI (Part 2)) and subject to fulfilment of the FSWM criteria laid down above. Such FSWM UCB shall maintain a minimum CRAR of 10 per cent on a continuous basis with minimum ANW commensurate with the prevalent entry point capital norms for the centre where branch is proposed / where it is registered. Entry point norms for various categories of UCBs are given in Annex II. 13. A UCB which has been organised as a unit bank and has been extended relaxation in the entry point capital as indicated in Annex II, shall be eligible to open branches only after augmenting its Assessed Net Worth (ANW) to the level required for opening a new general category bank at the place where the bank was organised or where the branch is desired to be opened, whichever is higher. For instance, if a unit bank was organised at a category ‘D’ centre and it intends to open a branch at a category ‘B’ centre, such bank’s ANW shall necessarily be raised to entry point capital prescribed for organising a general category bank at a category ‘B’ centre. 14. Similarly, if a UCB, other than a unit bank, desires to open a branch at a higher category centre, other than the centre at which it was established, within the district of its registration, the ANW of the UCB shall at least be equivalent to the entry point capital prescribed for that centre. Illustratively, if a UCB situated at category ‘C’ centre intends to open a branch at category ‘B’ centre, in the same district, its ANW shall be equivalent to the entry point capital prescribed for category ‘B’ centre. 15. However, a UCB which desires to open a branch at a centre, other than its district of registration but within the state of registration, shall have ANW not less than the entry point capital required for organisation of a new general category bank at the highest category centre in that state. Illustratively, if a UCB registered in district ‘X’ desires to open a branch in district ‘Y’ within its state of registration, then its ANW shall not be less than the entry point capital required for highest category centre in the state. C.1 Selection of Centres 16. A UCB, satisfying the FSWM norms stipulated above shall prepare an Annual Business Plan (ABP) for opening of branches (including extension counters) and up-gradation of extension counters into full-fledged branches, in its existing area of operation, for the next 12 months, with the approval of its Board of Directors and submit the ABP along with Annex III, Annex IV, Annex V (Part 1) and Annex VI to the respective Regional Office of RBI using the PRAVAAH portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). The ABP shall be submitted preferably by November of previous financial year and in any case, not later than 15th December of previous financial year. RBI will allocate centres within 90 calendar days of receipt of complete ABP. 17. While there is no requirement of submission of exact location of branch at the time of submission of ABP, a UCB should try to firm up its plans for opening branches at the requested centres well in advance to quicken the process of opening the branches. The UCB may, at its discretion, include the address of their proposed branch in ABP. Strict adherence to timelines indicated above will ensure that all the branches are opened in the same financial year for which the authorisation is obtained. 18. Where a UCB has opened extension counters without complying with the prescribed norms and subsequently approach RBI for up-gradation of the same into full-fledged branches, such UCB shall not be allotted centres unless it closes the unauthorised extension counters. Further, a centre where a UCB has opened an unauthorised extension counter, such a centre would not be considered for opening a branch in future. 19. A Scheduled UCB which comply with the FSWM norms prescribed above may open mobile / satellite offices. Such scheduled UCB which desires to open mobile / satellite offices shall indicate the same in the format as per Annex V (Part 1) enclosed to this Direction along with other centres where it intends to open branches. 20. A UCB need not indicate the exact address of the proposed branch in the ABP but may only indicate the place of business including the name of the town / city within its area of operation, in the order of its preference, where it desires to open branches. The UCB shall choose the centres at which it wishes to open branches after careful consideration of business potential and availability of premises at such centres. 21. A list of centres where the UCB desires to open branches under the ABP shall be indicated in the format as per Annex V (Part 1) enclosed to this Direction, and only one application shall be sent using the Pravaah portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). A UCB shall not submit statements / annexes, which are not required / called for, but submit only the requisite information / data, along with a certified copy of the latest audited balance sheet (as of 31st March) or a copy of the published Annual Report of the UCB. C.2 Approval for Centres 22. A UCB which complies with the prescribed FSWM norms shall be allotted centres strictly in the order of preference given by them. Once a centre is allotted, no request for change in the allotted centre shall be entertained. C.3 Authorisation and its Validity Period 23. A valid authorisation from RBI is required for opening a new place of business including extension counters, off-site ATMs or changing the location of any existing place of business under Section 23 of the BR Act, 1949 (AACS). After making arrangements for opening of branches, the UCB shall approach the Regional Offices of Department of Regulation (using the Pravaah portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in)) within 90 calendar days from date of allocation of centre in the prescribed Form V, indicating the exact postal address of the place where the branch is to be opened, to obtain valid authorisation. RBI will provide authorisation for new branches within 30 calendar days of receipt of complete application. 24. The authorisation will be valid for 180 calendar days from date of issue or 360 calendar days from date of allocation of centre, whichever is earlier. No extension of time will be granted after the expiry of validity period of authorisation. Only in exceptional cases, where the UCB is unable to open the branch for reasons beyond its control, an extension of time not exceeding 180 calendar days may be granted by the concerned Regional Office of Department of Regulation, under advice to Department of Regulation, Central Office. 25. Opening of branches without a valid authorisation from RBI is an act of violation of Section 23 of the BR Act, 1949 (AACS), and liable to attract penalties. 26. In case, the information / particulars furnished by a UCB is found to be incorrect, RBI shall take a serious view in the matter and the UCB will be liable for penal action and / or business restriction, including debarring it from allotment of centres for a period of three years. C.4 Procedural Guidelines for Permission to open branches 27. A UCB shall ensure that there are no restrictions imposed by the local development or other authorities for setting up commercial establishment in the locality where the branch is proposed to be opened. D. Extension of Area of Operation D.1 Within the district of registration and adjoining districts within the State of registration 28. A licenced UCB satisfying the FSWM criteria may extend their area of operation to the whole of the district of registration and to its adjoining districts within their State of registration, without prior permission from RBI. Such FSWM UCB need not approach RBI for seeking ‘no objection’ for extension of area of operation as stated above. Such UCB may directly approach the RCS of the State concerned for extension of area of operation to the entire district of registration and its adjoining districts within the State of registration. D.2 Beyond the adjoining districts and to the entire State of registration 29. A uni-state UCB may extend its area of operation to the entire State of registration on fulfilling the conditions stipulated for FSWM UCBs. 30. A UCB registered or deemed to be registered under the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002 satisfying the criteria for FSWM UCBs shall be permitted to extend its area of operation to the entire State of original registration. RBI shall consider requests for expansion of area of operation to the entire state from a licenced Tier II, III or IV UCB or a UCB registered or deemed to be registered under the Multi-State Co-operative Societies Act, 2002 and which fulfil the FSWM criteria as per the last RBI inspection or any subsequent enforcement action. Also, the Assessed Net Worth (ANW) of such FSWM UCB shall not be less than the entry point capital norms prescribed for the highest category centre in that district(s), applicable to a new general category bank, as indicated in Annex II. While considering such applications, RBI will give due consideration to system of internal controls prevailing in the UCB and supervisory comfort. The UCB desirous of extending its area of operation to the entire state may approach the Regional Office of RBI for prior approval using the PRAVAAH portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). 31. For the purpose of classification of UCBs into Tier I and II, the following definition shall be adopted for all regulatory purposes:
D.3 Extension of Area of Operation 32. A FSWM UCB having a minimum assessed net worth of ₹ 50 crore, shall henceforth, be allowed to extend its area of operation beyond the State of registration as also to any other State/s of its choice subject to the FSWM criteria stipulated above. E. Opening of Specialised branches – Central Processing Centres (CPCs) / Retail Asset Processing Centres 33. Need based authorisations for specialised branches would be considered for a UCB with a large network of branches having substantial volume of business to handle and process, which ultimately result is cost reduction and faster approvals. 34. A CBS enabled scheduled UCB satisfying the FSWM criteria is permitted to open specialised branches with the prior approval of RBI. The UCB desirous of opening specialised branches shall include it in its ABP explaining the need and objective for opening such centres. 35. The specialised branches of a UCB shall be fully computerised and be opened within the Area of Operation of the UCB and shall be based on a cluster approach. These branches shall not have direct interference / business transactions with customers and conversion from a specialised branch to normal branch and vice versa to be carried out with prior approval of RBI. F. Opening of Extension Counters F.1 Eligibility criteria and application procedure 36. Eligibility criteria and application procedure for opening of an Extension Counter (EC) are prescribed in paragraphs 12 to 22 above. F.2 Policy Approach 37. ECs may be opened within the premises of educational institutions, big offices, factories and hospitals of which the concerned UCB is the principal banker. Request from other banks to the institution may be considered, only if opening of an EC is not considered feasible by the principal banker and / or its base branch is beyond 10 kilometres from the EC, after obtaining written consent from principal banker. The UCB may submit declaration from the institution in which it proposes to open EC in the format as per Annex VIII using the Pravaah portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). ECs may also be opened in the residential colonies provided no other branch / EC is already existing in the colony and no restrictions have been imposed by the local development or any other authorities for setting up a commercial establishment in the residential colony / locality. EC shall not be opened in market place, shopping centre, etc. F.3 Conditions for Opening of Extension Counters 38. A UCB desiring to open ECs shall comply with the following conditions:
F.4 Safe Deposit Locker Facility at Extension Counters 39. The permission to provide the facility of safe deposit lockers may be granted on merit to a UCB which comply with the following criteria:
F.5 Up-gradation of Extension Counters into Full-Fledged Branches 40. Eligibility criteria and application procedure for up-gradation of ECs are prescribed in paragraphs 12 to 22 above. 41. Up-gradation of an EC into a branch is treated as equivalent to allotment of centre for opening of a branch. Only such of the ECs as have been accorded post-facto approval by RBI or opened with the prior approval of RBI will be considered for up-gradation into a branch. 42. Up-gradation of an EC is permitted after completion of three years of its operation as extension counters. 43. The shifting / relocation of these branches, if considered necessary by the UCB, would be permitted subject to the following conditions:
G. Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) G.1 On-site ATMs 44. A UCB satisfying the FSWM criteria may set up on-site ATMs without prior approval of RBI. G.2 Off-site ATMs - Eligibility criteria and application procedure 45. A CBS-enabled UCB which satisfies the FSWM criteria may install off-site / mobile ATMs as per its need and potential in its area of operation without prior approval of RBI, subject to the conditions given below:
46. Requests for opening off-site ATMs by a FSWM UCB which does not comply with the assessed net worth criteria as per paragraph 12 above will be considered outside Annual Business Plans, subject to conditions laid down in paragraph 9 above and maintenance of a minimum CRAR of 10 per cent on a continuous basis with minimum ANW commensurate with entry point capital norms for the centre where the off-site ATM is proposed / where the UCB is registered. 47. A UCB, satisfying the above mentioned norms may prepare an application for opening Off-site Automated Teller Machines, as per their requirement, in its existing area of operation, with the approval of its Board of Directors and submit the same, along with Annexes IV, Annex V (Part 2), and Annex VII to the respective Regional Office of RBI using the Pravaah portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). 48. The following facilities may be provided at off-site ATMs.
H. Shifting / Splitting / Closure of Offices H.1 Shifting of Offices 49. A licenced UCB satisfying the FSWM criteria may shift its place of business, including administrative office, located in the semi-urban areas anywhere within the same town, irrespective of distance vis-à-vis other banks / offices, etc. without prior permission of RBI. As regards the UCB located in urban / metropolitan centers, shifting within the same locality / municipal ward is permitted in respect of a licenced UCB satisfying the FSWM criteria without prior permission of RBI. 50. A report in the format, as per Annex IX shall be submitted to the Regional Office (Department of Regulation) concerned of RBI, in the Pravaah portal, within a month from the date of shifting where RBI's prior approval is not required. 51. For shifting to a different locality / municipal ward, a licenced UCB satisfying the FSWM criteria shall obtain prior permission and may submit its application as per the format in Annex X using the PRAVAAH portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). H.2 Shifting branches from one city to another 52. The requests of a UCB (other than Unit banks) to shift its branches from one city to another in its area of operation within the same State will be considered subject to its compliance with the following conditions:
53. A UCB desiring such shifting is required to submit applications in this regard to the Regional Office concerned of the Department of Regulation for prior permission using the PRAVAAH portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). H.3 Splitting or Part Shifting of branches within the Same Locality / Municipal Ward 54. Splitting of branches or part shifting of some of the departments of parent office / branch can be made to a near by location within the same locality / municipal ward due to space constraints and for better customer service or for convenience of the members, irrespective of the distance vis-à-vis other offices / banks, without prior permission of RBI subject to the condition that identical business is not conducted from both the premises. 55. A post-facto report to this effect, in the format as mentioned in paragraph 12 above, shall be submitted to the Regional Office concerned within one month from the date of shifting, using the Pravaah portal. H4. Closure of Branches and Extension Counters 56. A UCB is allowed closure of un-remunerative branches / extension counters without prior permission of RBI subject to the following conditions:
I. Shifting, Acquisition, Surrender of leased premises, etc. of UCBs not categorised as Financially Sound and Well Managed (FSWM) 57. A UCB, which do not satisfy the FSWM criteria as stated at paragraph 9 above and do not comply with section 11 (1) of BR Act, 1949 (AACS), shall require prior approval of RBI and / or Registrar of Co-operative Societies for:
58. Such UCB is required to submit its application in the enclosed format given at Annex XI to the Regional Office concerned using the Pravaah portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). J. Authorisation Policy for Salary Earners' Banks 59. In view of their special status the salary earners' banks (SEBs) have not been covered under ABP for opening of new branches. Requests for allotment of centres may be considered only from licenced SEBs on their fulfilling certain specified norms. The SEB fulfilling the under-noted norms may apply for opening of branches. (i) The bye-laws shall not contain provision for giving loans to outsiders (non-employees) by enrolling them as members / nominal members. (ii) There should at least be 1000 members at a place where the SEB desires to open a branch. (iii) It shall comply with the regulatory framework prescribed by RBI. (iv) It should have posted net profits during each of the preceding two years. (v) Its net NPAs should be less than 10 percent of its net loans and advances as on the last balance sheet date and it should have made requisite provisions as per RBI guidelines. (vi) CRAR of the UCB shall not be less than that prescribed by RBI from time to time. (vii) In case a UCB desires to open a new branch within its district of registration, its Assessed Net Worth (ANW) should, at least be equal to the entry point capital norms indicated in Annex II for opening a new general category bank at that centre where the bank was organised or where the branch is desired to be opened, whichever is higher. Illustratively, if a SEB organised in the category "C" centre desires to open a branch in category "B" centre within its district of registration, its ANW should be at least equivalent to the entry point capital norm prescribed for category "B" centre. (viii) The SEB desirous to open a branch, outside its district of registration but within the State of registration, should have ANW not less than the entry point capital norm prescribed for opening a new general category bank at the highest category centre in that State. The entry point capital norms prescribed are indicated in Annex II enclosed to this circular. (ix) The SEB, which satisfies the norms indicated above, may prepare and get its branch expansion programme approved by its Board of Directors and forward the same to the Regional Office concerned of the Department of Regulation giving information in Annex I, Annex II and Annex III using the Pravaah portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). Annex IV indicating classification of assets and provision made against non-performing assets should be duly certified by Statutory Auditor / Chartered with stamp and signature. Once a centre is allotted, no request for change in the allotted centre would be entertained. On receipt of the allotment letter, the UCB shall make preliminary arrangements for opening the branches and submit applications in Form V for issue of branch authorisation/s, within six months from the date of allotment of the centre. The UCB shall note to open the branches only after obtaining branch authorisation and within the validity period of the branch authorisation. No request for extension of time for opening the branch shall be entertained except in the circumstances beyond the control of the UCB. K. Submission of Wrong Information 60. It may be carefully noted that in case the information / particulars furnished by a UCB is found incorrect, RBI shall take a serious view in the matter and the UCB concerned shall be liable for penal action and/or business restriction, including debarring it from allotment of centres for the next three years. L. Resolution of Board of Directors 61. The proposals of a UCB for extension of Area of Operation, opening of branches, extension counters etc., shifting of offices, splitting of branches, etc. shall be sent only with the prior approval of the UCB's Board of Directors and passing of appropriate resolutions in this behalf. The relevant resolutions shall be submitted to the Regional Offices concerned while approaching them for prior / post-facto approval therefor. The relevant records shall also be preserved and made available to the RBI inspection team for scrutiny during the course of inspection. M. Acquisition of Accommodation on Lease / Rental Basis by Urban Co-operative Banks for their Use i.e., for Office and Residence of Staff 62. The authorisations issued for opening of branches / offices are location-specific in as much as, in terms of the extant instructions, RBI issues authorisation / permission for opening a branch / office at a particular centre based on the exact postal address of the place where the branch / office is to be opened. In the circumstances, it is incumbent upon the UCB to ensure that its branches are operating from premises, which have a subsisting and valid lease agreement, free of any dispute between the UCB and the landlords of the premises in question. Therefore, Head Offices of the UCB is advised to undertake a review in this regard. 63. The UCB is required to furnish quarterly progress reports (as at the end of March, June, September and December) as per the format given at Annex XII to enable RBI to take a view on the appropriateness, or otherwise, of continuing the authorisation for the branch / office which is functioning in a 'disputed' premises, to the Regional Director of the Regional Office of RBI concerned, within a period of one month from the close of the respective quarter to which the report relates. It may be noted in this regard that in respect of branches / offices situated in Maharashtra, the information shall be furnished by the UCB to the Chief General Manager, Department of Regulation, Central Office, Reserve Bank of India, 12th Floor, Central Office Building, Shahid Bhagat Singh Road, , Mumbai - 400 001 by post or email (cgmicdor@rbi.org.in). Chapter IV – Business Facilitator / Business Correspondent Model 64. With the objective of ensuring greater financial inclusion and increasing the outreach of the UCBs in providing basic and affordable banking services in their area of operation, in public interest, it has been decided to permit a well managed and financially sound UCB to engage Business Facilitator / Business Correspondent using ICT solutions. Accordingly, a UCB may, with the approval of its Board, formulate a scheme for use of Business Facilitators / Business Correspondents and ensure that the scheme is in strict compliance with the objectives and parameters laid down in this circular. The scheme may be submitted to the concerned Regional Office of RBI and approval obtained before engaging the Business Facilitators / Business Correspondents. 65. A UCB, which satisfy the following criteria are eligible to engage the services of Business Correspondents / Business Facilitators:
66. A UCB fulfilling the above conditions may approach the Regional Office, RBI for permission to engage Business Correspondents / Business Facilitators. B. Business Facilitator Model: Eligible Entities and Scope of Activities 67. Under the "Business Facilitator" (BF) model, the UCB may use intermediaries, such as, Non-Government Organisations / Micro Finance Institutions set up under Societies / Trust Acts, Farmers' Clubs, co-operative societies other than primary & credit co-operatives, community based organisations, IT enabled rural outlets of corporate entities, Post Offices, insurance agents, well functioning Panchayats, Village Knowledge Centres, Agri Clinics / Agri Business Centers, Krishi Vigyan Kendras and KVIC / KVIB units, and individuals as Business Facilitators depending on the comfort level of the UCB, for providing facilitation services. However, Directors of the UCB and their relatives (as defined in the Reserve Bank of India (Urban Co-operative Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025) as also serving employees of the UCB are not eligible to act as Business Facilitators. 68. The facilitation services may include : (i) identification of borrowers and fitment of activities; (ii) collection and preliminary processing of loan applications including verification of primary information / data; (iii) creating awareness about savings and other products and education and advice on managing money and debt counselling; (iv) processing and submission of applications to UCBs; (v) promotion and nurturing Self Help Groups / Joint Liability Groups; (vi) post-sanction monitoring; (vii) monitoring and handholding of Self Help Groups / Joint Liability Groups / Credit Groups / others; and (viii) follow-up for recovery. 69. Where individuals are engaged as Business Facilitators, adequate precautions need to be taken and proper due diligence conducted. However, Directors of the UCB and their relatives (as defined in the Reserve Bank of India (Urban Co-operative Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025) as also serving employees of the UCB are not eligible to act as Business Facilitators. C. Business Correspondent Model: Eligible Entities and Scope of Activities 70. Under the "Business Correspondent" (BC) Model, NGOs / MFIs set up under Societies / Trust Acts, Co-operative Societies registered under Mutually Aided Co-operative Societies Acts or the Co-operative Societies Acts of States, other than primary / co-operative credit societies, Post Offices, retired bank employees, ex-servicemen, retired teachers, retired government employees, individual kirana / medical / fair price shop owners, Individual Public Call Office (PCO) operators, agents of small savings schemes of Government of India / Insurance Companies, individuals who own petrol pumps, authorised functionaries of well run Self Help Groups (SHGs) linked to the UCB or any other individual including those operating Common Service Centres may act as BCs. However, Directors of the UCB and their relatives (as defined in the Reserve Bank of India (Urban Co-operative Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025) as also serving employees of the UCB are not eligible to act as Business Correspondents. The UCB may also engage companies registered under Section 25 of the Companies Act, 1956 provided that the companies registered under Section 25 are stand-alone entities or Section 25 companies in which NBFCs, banks, telecom companies and other corporate entities or their holding companies do not have equity holdings in excess of 10 per cent. If the UCB in North Eastern Region intend to engage as BCs any other organisation / association not falling under any of the above categories of BCs, they may, after due diligence, approach the Regional Office of RBI at Guwahati for approval. The UCB is also permitted to allow, with suitable and adequate safeguards, the BCs in the North Eastern Region to account for the transactions in its books latest by the end of the second working day from the date of the transaction. 71. In addition to activities listed under the BF Model, the scope of activities to be undertaken by the BCs will include (i) disbursal of small value credit, (ii) recovery of principal / collection of interest (iii) collection of small value deposits (iv) sale of micro insurance / mutual fund products / pension products / other third party products and (v) receipt and delivery of small value remittances / other payment instruments. 72. The activities to be undertaken by the BCs would be within the normal course of the UCB's banking business but conducted through the entities indicated above at places other than the UCB’s premises. Accordingly, in furtherance of the objective of increasing the outreach of the UCBs for micro finance, in public interest, RBI permits a UCB to formulate a scheme. 73. The arrangements with the BCs shall specify:
74. With a view to ensuring adequate supervision over the operations and activities of the BCs by the UCB, every BC will be attached to and be under the oversight of a specific branch to be designated as the base branch. The distance between the place of business of a BC and the base branch should not exceed 30 kms in rural, semi-urban and urban areas and 5 kms in metropolitan centres. While engaging BCs, the UCB shall ensure that the area covered by them is strictly within their eligible area of operation. C.1 Due diligence 75. A UCB shall conduct thorough due diligence of the entities proposed to be appointed as BCs and also institute additional safeguards as may be considered appropriate to minimise the agency risk. The due diligence on entities to be engaged as the Business Facilitator / Correspondent shall factor the key risks and other risks identified of different capacities of entities. Some of the indicative parameters for due diligence of MFIs / other entities while considering agency / funding relationship with them are given below: (1) NGO / MFI (i) Charter and Registration - The foremost would be to examine whether the charter and objectives of the MFI / NGO permit it to undertake the kind of activities proposed, especially if it is some form of financial intermediation. (ii) Presence in the area - MFI / NGOs with adequate presence in the area for a reasonable time period would be preferable, as they would have developed better networking and understanding of local conditions. (iii) Management and Governance Structure - Many NGO / MFIs are almost solely driven by the founders. It is essential to examine the composition of the governing body of the entity to assess if it can function independent of the promoter and if there is a second tier of management. (iv) Manpower Quality and Retention Rates - The quality of manpower from the perspective of undertaking the new task needs to be assessed. If not available in sufficient number, plans of the MFI / NGO to strengthen their manpower through recruitment and training are to be considered. (v) Social vs. Profit Orientation - Often MFI / NGOs are social service oriented, which may hamper undertaking a task like financial intermediation. This needs to be carefully assessed as the two are vastly different competencies. (vi) Accounting Systems - The accounting systems and methods need careful study, especially in case the MFI / NGO is being considered for acting as a financial intermediary. (vii) Secular and Social Orientation - The MFI / NGOs should preferably be nondiscriminatory on caste, gender, political affiliation and religious lines. While its work could focus of specific groups or communities; it should not have any negative discrimination. The commitment of the entity for catering to the unserved, poor, and disadvantaged sections including women, etc. may be seen. (viii) Assessment of Donors Partners and Peers - Assessment of the MFI / NGO by the donors, partners and peers would be a crucial input in assessing the capabilities of the MFI / NGO. This can be obtained from independent discussions with the donors, partners and peers and the government agencies connected with such programmes. (ix) Financial Reporting - The financial reporting of the MFI / NGO will indicate both the transparency and compliance to the laws of the land. It is to be seen whether there is consistency in financial reporting to the reporting authority, government, and donors etc. (2) SHG Federation like Societies under MACS In case of a federated structure, the strength of the federation would depend on the health of the constituent SHGs, as the financial assets would be with the members of SHGs. Hence, the due diligence parameters would be a little different from a typical MFI. Some parameters for rating a Federation could be as follows: (i) Governance Related
(ii) Finance Related
(3) Due Diligence in case of other entities In case of entities other than MFIs and NGOs, a due diligence may have to be more rigorous. The important aspects which need to be seen are:
76. In engaging intermediaries as BCs, a UCB shall ensure that they are well established, enjoying good reputation and having the confidence of the local people. UCBs may ensure that the individuals engaged as BCs are permanent residents of the area in which they propose to operate as BCs and also include additional safeguards as may be considered appropriate to minimise agency risk. The UCB may give wide publicity in the locality about the intermediary engaged by them as BC and take measures to avoid being misrepresented. 77. In case, the duly appointed BCs of the UCB desire to appoint sub-agents at the grass-root level to render the services of a BC, the UCB shall ensure that : (i) the sub-agents of BCs fulfill all relevant criteria stipulated for BCs in terms of the guidelines; (ii) the BCs appointed by them carry out proper due diligence in respect of the sub-agent to take care of the reputational and other risks involved; and (iii) the distance criterion of 30 kms / 5 kms, as applicable, from the base branch should invariably be fulfilled in the case of all sub-agents. Further, where individuals have been appointed as BCs, they cannot in turn appoint sub-agents. C2. Service Charges and Payment of Commission / Fees for engagement of Business Correspondents / Business Facilitators 78. To ensure viability of the BC model, a UCB (and not BCs) is permitted to collect reasonable service charges from the customer, in a transparent manner under a board-approved policy. Considering the profile of the clientele to whom banking services are being delivered through the BC model, the UCB shall ensure that the service charges / fees collected from the customer for delivery of banking services through the BC model are not only fair and reasonable but also seen to be so. A copy of the Board-approved policy in this regard may be forwarded to the concerned Regional Office of RBI. The UCB shall ensure that there are no complaints from the customers about the charges being non-transparent / not reasonable. Any unfair practices adopted by the UCB in this regard would be viewed seriously by RBI. 79. A UCB may pay reasonable commission / fee to the BFs / BCs, the rate and quantum of which may be reviewed periodically. The agreement with the BFs / BCs shall specifically prohibit them from charging any fee to the customers directly for services rendered by them on behalf of the UCB. C3. Redressal of Grievances in regard to Services rendered by BFs / BCs 80. A UCB shall constitute Grievance Redressal Machinery within the UCB for redressing complaints about services rendered by BFs and BCs and give wide publicity about it through electronic and print media. The name and contact number of designated Grievance Redressal Officer of the UCB shall be widely publicised and also placed in public domain. The details of the grievance redressal officer shall be displayed at the premises of the BC and also at the base branch. The designated officer shall ensure that grievances of customers are redressed promptly. 81. The grievance redressal procedure of a UCB and the time frame fixed for responding to the complaints shall be placed on the UCB's website. 82. If a complainant does not get satisfactory response from a UCB within 30 days from the date of lodging the compliant, the complainant will have the option to approach the RBI Ombudsman (in case the complaint is against Scheduled Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks and Non-scheduled Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks with deposit size of ₹50 Crore and above, as on the date of the audited balance sheet of the previous financial year) or the concerned Regional Offices of RBI for redressal of grievances. C4. Compliance with Know Your Customer (KYC) Norms 83. Compliance with KYC norms will continue to be the responsibility of the UCB. Since the objective is to extend savings and loan facilities to the underprivileged and unbanked population, the UCB may adopt a flexible approach within the parameters of guidelines issued on KYC from time to time. In addition to introduction from any person on whom KYC has been done, the UCB can also rely on certificates of identification issued by the intermediary being used as Business Correspondent, Block Development Officer (BDO), head of Village Panchayat, Post Master of the post office concerned or any other public functionary, known to the UCB. D. Other terms and conditions for engagement of BFs and BCs 84. As the engagement of intermediaries as BFs / BCs involves significant reputational, legal and operational risks, due consideration shall be given by the UCB to those risks. The UCB should also endeavour to adopt technology-based solutions for managing the risk, besides increasing the outreach in a cost effective manner. 85. The implementation of the BF / BC model shall be monitored closely by controlling authorities of the UCB, who should specifically look into the functioning of BFs / BCs during the course of their periodical visits to the branches. 86. In order to achieve greater penetration of banking service, the UCB may scale up its efforts substantially towards educating its clientele through various means - print, electronic etc., in their respective vernacular languages regarding the benefits of banking habit, the role of the BCs and its obligation towards the customers and give wide publicity about implementation of the BC model by them. 87. Information regarding BCs engaged by the UCB shall be placed on the UCBs' websites. The Annual Report of the UCB shall also include the progress in respect of extending banking services through the BC model and the initiatives taken by the UCB in this regard. 88. For streamlining cash management, the UCB may consider adopting 'Cash Routes' (linking various BCs, which are in close proximity to each other to a base branch) wherever warranted with suitable cash transit insurance. 89. The UCB shall ensure the preservation and protection of the security and confidentiality of the customer information in the custody or possession of the BCs. 90. The UCB may consider bearing the initial set up cost and other costs of the BCs and extend a handholding support to the BCs, at least during the initial stages. The UCB may consider providing reasonable temporary overdrafts to the BCs. 91. The UCB may develop suitable training modules in the local language/s, in order to provide proper attitudinal orientation and skills to the BCs. 92. The UCB shall adhere to the extant RBI guidelines on adoption of appropriate technology as contained in the Reserve Bank of India (Urban Co-operative Banks – Management of Third-Party Dependencies) Directions, 2025, while implementing the BC model. 93. An FSWM UCB may provide Doorstep Banking Services to its customers on a voluntary basis. However, a Non-FSWM UCB shall seek prior approval of concerned Regional Office of Department of Regulation of RBI to provide Doorstep Banking Services using the Pravaah portal (https://pravaah.rbi.org.in). 94. A UCB shall take into account the various risks that may arise on account of offering Doorstep Banking Services to customers either directly through own employees or through agents and take all necessary steps to manage the same. 95. A UCB can voluntarily offer the following banking services to individual customers / natural persons at their doorstep: (i) Pick up of cash against receipt; (ii) Pick up of instruments against receipt; (iii) Delivery of demand drafts against withdrawal from account; (iv) Delivery of cash against withdrawal from account either against cheque received at the counter or request received through any secured convenient channel, such as phone banking, internet banking, etc; (v) Submission of Know Your Customer (KYC) documents; (vi) Submission of Life Certificate. 96. A UCB may deliver doorstep banking services through:
Provided that, where a UCB engages the services of Agents for delivery of services, it shall ensure that
97. Cash collected from the customer shall be acknowledged by issuing a receipt on behalf of the UCB. 98. Cash collected from the customer shall be credited to the customer’s account on the same day or next working day, depending on the time of collection. 99. At the time of collection of cash, the customer shall be informed of the date of credit by issuing a suitable advice. 100. Delivery of demand draft shall be done by debit to the account on the basis of requisition in writing / cheque received and not against cash or instruments collected at the doorstep. 101. Acknowledgment shall be provided for collection of KYC documents, Life Certificate, etc. 102.. A UCB shall ensure that the agreement entered into with the customer does not entail any legal or financial liability on it for failure to offer doorstep services under circumstances beyond its control. The services shall be seen as a mere extension of banking services offered at the branch and the liability of the UCB shall be the same as if the transactions were conducted at the branch. The agreement shall not provide any right to the customer to claim the services at his doorstep. 103. A UCB shall provide cash limits (for collection as well as delivery) for its employees / agents and customers, for doorstep banking. The UCB shall also take all necessary steps to contain technology risk while providing these services. 104. Charges, if any, to be levied on the customer for doorstep services shall be incorporated in the policy approved by the Board and shall form part of the agreement entered into with the customer. The charges shall be prominently indicated on the UCBs’ website and brochures offering doorstep services. 105. A UCB shall ensure compliance with Reserve Bank of India (Urban Co-operative Banks – Know Your Customer) Directions, 2025 as updated and amended with regard to customer identification procedures while offering doorstep services to their customers. 106. The services shall be offered at either the residence or office of the customer as opted by the customer, the address of which shall be clearly and explicitly mentioned in the agreement. 107. The agreement / contract with the customer shall clearly specify that the UCB will be responsible for the acts of omission and commission of its ‘agent’. 108. A UCB shall keep in view the restrictions imposed by Section 10 (1) (b) (ii) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, while making payments for the services outsourced. 109. A UCB shall constitute an appropriate Grievance Redressal Machinery internally for redressing complaints about services rendered by its employees / agents. The name and telephone number of the designated Grievance Redressal Officer of the ‘UCB’ shall be made available to the customers including on the UCB’s website. The designated officer shall ensure that genuine grievances of customers are redressed promptly. 110. If a complainant does not get satisfactory response from the UCB within 30 days from the date of lodging the compliant, the complainant will have the option to approach the RBI Ombudsman (in case the complaint is against Scheduled Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks and Non-scheduled Primary (Urban) Co-operative Banks with deposit size of ₹50 Crore and above, as on the date of the audited balance sheet of the previous financial year) or the concerned Regional Offices of RBI for redressal of grievances. Chapter VI - Information Reporting 111. A UCB shall provide information in a single Proforma (Annex XIV) online on Central Information System for Banking Infrastructure (CISBI) portal (https://cisbi.rbi.org.in) . The instructions for submission of new Proforma online are given in Annex XV. The system allots Uniform Code Number (UCN) / Basic Statistical Return (BSR) code / Authorised Dealer (AD) code to bank branches / offices / NAIOs / CSPs. The CISBI portal contains the relevant circulars, user manuals and other relevant documents to facilitate reporting. 112. RBI has provided login credentials to Nodal Officers of a UCB for submitting information in CISBI. Access to CISBI can also be sought by making e-mail request at mofbsd@rbi.org.in. The UCB shall submit information on CISBI portal as per guidelines given in Annex XVI and thereafter bank branch / office / NAIO / other fixed CSPs i.e. ATMs, Cash Deposit Machines, Other Customer Services. etc., codes would be allotted by CISBI after due validations. 113. It is further advised that CISBI also has provision to maintain complete bank level details (e.g. bank category, bank-group, bank code, type of licence issued, registration details, area of operation, addresses of offices, contact details of senior officials, etc.) and history of all the changes with time stamp. After gaining first time access of the system, the bank shall ensure to submit correct and updated Bank Level information in all the fields where submission / updation rights are available with the bank. After initial submission of information on CISBI portal, a one-time confirmation stating that ‘Correct and updated Bank level information has been submitted on CISBI’ shall be sent by the bank to the concerned Regional Office of Department of Supervision within one month of gaining access to the portal. Any subsequent changes in the bank level information shall be submitted for updation on the CISBI portal on immediate basis by the bank. 114. The UCB shall submit immediately and in any case not later than one week, the information relating to opening, closure, merger, shifting and conversion of bank branches / Offices / ATMs / NAIO, etc. online through CISBI portal to DSIM, Banking Statistics Division, RBI, Central Office, C-8/9, Bandra-Kurla Complex, Mumbai-400051. At the CISBI portal, these changes are being implemented with immediate effect. Chapter VI – Repeal and other Provisions 115. With the issue of these Directions, the existing directions, instructions, and guidelines relating to branch authorisation of Urban Cooperative Banks stand repealed, as communicated vide notification dated XX, 2025. The directions, instructions, and guidelines repealed prior to the issuance of these Directions shall continue to remain repealed. 116. Notwithstanding such repeal, any action taken or purported to have been taken, or initiated under the repealed Directions, instructions, or guidelines shall continue to be governed by the provisions thereof. All approvals or acknowledgments granted under these repealed lists shall be deemed as governed by these Directions. B. Application of other laws not barred 117. The provisions of these Directions shall be in addition to, and not in derogation of the provisions of any other laws, rules, regulations, or directions, for the time being in force. 118. For the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of these Directions or in order to remove any difficulties in the application or interpretation of the provisions of these Directions, the RBI may, if it considers necessary, issue necessary clarifications in respect of any matter covered herein and the interpretation of any provision of these Directions given by the RBI shall be final and binding. |
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