Explanatory notes to various statements

• Due to rounding off of figures, the constituent items may not add up to the totals.
• The growth rates of all the items and data on sources and uses of funds are adjusted for changes due to amalgamation of companies. These are also adjusted for revaluation, etc., wherever necessary.
• The companies classified under the activity groups ‘Trading in shares and securities’ and 'Investment holding' have been merged into the group ‘Share trading and investment holding’ from 1994-95 study and onwards.
• Income includes non-operating surplus/ deficit but excludes transfers from reserves outstanding at the end of the previous year and amount carried forward at the end of the previous year.
• Non-operating surplus/ deficit comprises (a) profit/ loss on account of (i) sale of fixed assets, etc., and (ii) revaluation/ devaluation of assets/ foreign currencies, (b) provisions no longer required written back, (c) insurance claims realised and (d) income/ expenditure relating to the previous years and such other items of non-current nature.
• Profit/ loss on sale of financial investments is included in net profit/ loss in share dealings.
• Total expenditure comprises interest payments, remuneration to employees, managerial remuneration, bad debts, other expenses, depreciation provision and other provisions.
• Remuneration to employees comprises (a) salaries, wages and bonus, (b) provident fund and (c) employees’ welfare expenses (including gratuity, etc.).
• Tax provision includes tax deducted at source in respect of interest/ dividend received by the companies.
• Operating profits are net of depreciation provision and interest payments.
• Profit making companies are those companies making operating profits.
• Ordinary dividend payment includes deferred dividends.
• Retained profits comprises transfers to reserves and profit/ loss carried to balance-sheet.
• Ordinary paid-up capital includes deferred shares.
• Capital reserves include profit on sale of investments and fixed assets.
• 'Other reserves' include profits retained in the form of various specific reserves and profit/ loss carried to balance sheet.
• Equity or Net worth comprises (a) paid- up capital, (b) forfeited shares and (c) all reserves and surplus.
• Debentures include privately placed debentures with financial institutions.
• Debt comprises (a) all borrowings from Govt. and semi-Govt. bodies, financial institutions other than banks and foreign institutional agencies, (b) borrowings from banks against mortgages and other long term securities, (c) borrowings from companies and others against mortgages and other long term securities, (d) debentures, deferred payment liabilities and public deposits.
• 'Trade dues and other current liabilities-others' includes share application money.