Key Fiscal Indicators

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Published on 29 May 2025

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Key Fiscal Indicators

(As per cent of GDP)
Year	Primary Deficit	Revenue Deficit	Primary Revenue Deficit	Gross Fiscal Deficit	Outstanding Liabilities^@	Outstanding Liabilities^$
1	2	3	4	5	6	7
Centre
1990-91	4.0	3.2	-0.5	7.6	54.6	60.6
1995-96	0.8	2.4	-1.7	4.9	50.3	58.3
2000-01	0.9	3.9	-0.7	5.5	54.6	60.4
2009-10	3.2	5.2	1.9	6.5	55.4	57.3
2010-11	1.8	3.2	0.2	4.8	51.6	53.2
2011-12	2.8	4.5	1.4	5.9	51.7	53.5
2012-13	1.8	3.7	0.5	4.9	51.0	52.5
2013-14	1.1	3.2	-0.2	4.5	50.5	52.2
2014-15	0.9	2.9	-0.3	4.1	50.1	51.4
2015-16	0.7	2.5	-0.7	3.9	50.1	51.5
2016-17	0.4	2.1	-1.1	3.5	48.4	49.5
2017-18	0.4	2.6	-0.5	3.5	48.3	49.5
2018-19	0.4	2.4	-0.7	3.4	48.5	49.6
2019-20	1.6	3.3	0.3	4.6	51.3	52.5
2020-21	5.7	7.3	3.9	9.2	61.4	62.6
2021-22	3.3	4.4	1.0	6.7	58.0	58.9
2022-23	3.0	4.0	0.5	6.5	57.1	58.1
2023-24	2.0	2.5	-1.0	5.5	56.8	57.6
2024-25 (RE)#	1.3	1.8	-1.6	4.7	55.3	56.0
2025-26 (BE)	0.8	1.5	-2.1	4.4	55.5	56.0
States*
1990-91	1.8	0.9	-0.6	3.3	22.2	22.2
1995-96	0.8	0.7	-1.1	2.6	20.8	20.8
2000-01	1.8	2.5	0.1	4.2	28.1	28.1
2009-10	1.2	0.4	-1.4	3.0	26.4	26.4
2010-11	0.4	-0.2	-1.8	2.1	24.4	24.4
2011-12	0.4	-0.3	-1.9	2.0	23.2	23.2
2012-13	0.4	-0.3	-1.8	2.0	22.6	22.6
2013-14	0.7	0.0	-1.5	2.2	22.3	22.3
2014-15	1.1	0.3	-1.2	2.6	22.0	22.0
2015-16	1.5	0.0	-1.6	3.0	23.7	23.7
2016-17	1.8	0.2	-1.4	3.5	25.1	25.1
2017-18	0.7	0.1	-1.6	2.4	25.1	25.1
2018-19	0.8	0.1	-1.6	2.4	25.3	25.3
2019-20	0.9	0.6	-1.1	2.6	26.6	26.6
2020-21	2.1	1.9	-0.1	4.1	31.0	31.0
2021-22	1.0	0.4	-1.4	2.8	29.1	29.1
2022-23	1.0	0.2	-1.5	2.7	28.2	28.2
2023-24	1.3	0.3	-1.4	3.0	…	…
2024-25 (RE)	1.8	0.6	-1.2	3.6	…	…
2025-26 (BE)	1.5	0.2	-1.5	3.3
... : Not Available. RE: Revised Estimates. BE: Budget Estimates. @ : Includes external liabilities of the centre calculated at historical exchange rates. $ : Includes external liabilities of the centre calculated at current exchange rates. # : Going by the principle of using latest GDP data for any year, GDP used for 2024-25 (RE) is the latest available which is the second advance estimates. In view of this, the fiscal indicators as per cent of GDP given in this table may at times marginally vary from those reported in the Union Budget documents. * : Data for 2023-24, 2024-25 and 2025-26 are accounts, revised estimates and budget estimates, respectively for 28 states and 3 UTs which have presented their budgets. Note: 1. Negative sign (-) indicates surplus in deficit indicators. 2. GDP figures used in this table are on 2011-12 base, which are the latest available estimates. 3. Columns 6 and 7 are outstanding figures as at end-March of respective years. Source: Budget documents of central and state governments, Status paper on government debt and Quarterly report on public debt management.