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Survey on Foreign Collaboration in Indian Industry: 2019-2021 - Data Release

Today, the Reserve Bank placed the results of the thirteenth round of the survey on foreign collaboration in Indian industry covering the financial years 2019-20 and 2020-211 on its website.

Highlights:

I. Coverage: Of the 966 Indian entities that participated in the latest survey round, 481 reported 929 foreign technical collaboration (FTC) agreements. Nearly two-third of the respondents were foreign subsidiaries (single foreign investor holding majority equity) and another 22 per cent were foreign associates (foreign investors’ equity holding ranging between 10-50 per cent) (Table 1). Thus, an overwhelming majority of the FTC companies also had overseas financial collaboration too. Only 19 responding companies had pure technical collaborations. Of the 481 companies that reported foreign collaborations in the current round, 205 had also responded to the previous survey round.

II. Industry-wise Agreements: Over 75 per cent of the reported 929 FTC agreements were in the manufacturing sector, where machinery and transport equipments, chemicals and chemical products had major share. Information and communication as well as financial and insurance sectors accounted for significant share in the service sector FTC agreements (Table 2).

III. Partner Country Profile: With 31 per cent of the reported FTC agreements, Japan remained the top source country for technology transfer, followed by Germany and the USA; these three countries together accounted for more than a half of the reported FTC agreements. France, Italy, Republic of Korea, the UK and Switzerland were other source countries with significant shares (Table 3).

IV. Asset Transfer: Around 56 per cent of the FTC agreements involved technology know-how transfer by the foreign collaborators and another 11 per cent involved the use of trade-marks / brand names. Less than one per cent of the reported agreements were on patent transfer (Table 4).

V. Payment Mode: Around two-third of the FTCs provided for royalty payment, some of which also had additional clauses for lump-sum technical fees. Less than 10 per cent of the reported contracts were based on pure lump-sum technical fee payments (Table 5).

VI. Export Restriction Clauses and Exclusive Rights Provisions: Export restriction clauses are typically written into FTCs by foreign collaborators intending to protect their own markets. Likewise, local collaborators often obtain exclusive rights on assets transferred under the agreement so that the foreign collaborator is restrained from transferring such assets to another local party in parallel. Around a fourth of the reported FTC agreements had export restriction clauses and nearly a third had provision for exclusive rights on assets transferred under the agreements. While nearly 30 per cent of the reported FTC agreements in the manufacturing sector had export restriction clauses, this share was less than 10 per cent for the services sector. Nevertheless, exports from service sector, mainly from information and communication remained substantial, implying that companies without export restriction clauses in their FTCs accounted for the larger part of export activity. Within manufacturing, FTC agreements for pharmaceuticals, electrical, motor vehicles and other transport equipment had a significant share of such clauses. Over a half of the agreements in the construction sector had export restrictions. In terms of partner countries, more than a third of the FTC agreements with Japan, the major collaborator, had the export restriction clauses built into them (Tables 6, 7, 8 and 10).

VII. Value of Production: The total value of production of the FTC reporting companies contracted by 9.8 per cent in the year 2020-21, which was affected very adversely by the COVID-19 pandemic. The largest shrinkage was seen in services sector, including construction. FTC reporting companies engaged in pharmaceuticals, medicinal chemical and botanical products recorded sizeable growth in 2020-21 but, at the aggregate level, production contracted for the manufacturing companies, which had nearly 75 per cent share in total value of production (Table 9).

VIII. Exports and Imports: Exports and imports of FTC reporting companies in 2020-21 shrank by 12.4 per cent and 6.8 per cent, respectively; the decline was led by contraction in construction, rubber and plastics products and motor vehicles. Information and communication services contributed positively to the total exports and imports of FTC companies. At the aggregate level, the ratio of exports and imports to value of production stood at 14.6 per cent and 19.6 per cent, respectively, but there were large inter-sectoral variations (Tables 10 and 11).

IX. Profitability: The average profitability of FTC reporting companies, measured by the ratio of gross profit to capital employed, moderated in the current survey round when compared to the previous two rounds (Table 12).

Background:

Financial collaboration with foreign entities very often includes cross-border technical collaboration, which secures buy-in from the technology partner. As foreign investment works as a vehicle for technology transfer, an assessment of the dimensions and impact of technological collaboration on various aspects of economic development provides useful inputs in formulation of policies and setting up of procedures. Accordingly, the Reserve Bank has been conducting the survey on foreign collaboration in Indian industry since 1960s, to gauge the nature of collaboration and monitor its impact, in combination with other higher frequency data on foreign direct investment (FDI). With the introduction of the mandatory census on foreign liabilities and assets (FLA) of Indian direct investment companies to collect detailed information on their inward and outward direct investments in 2011, this survey was restructured in 2012 on broad operational facets of Indian companies that have technical collaboration agreements with foreign companies (survey schedule is attached).

(Yogesh Dayal)     
Chief General Manager

Press Release: 2021-2022/1007


Table 1: Company Group-wise Number of Companies having Foreign Technical Collaboration: 2019-21
Company Group Number of Companies
Foreign Subsidiary 313
Foreign Associate 102
Pure Technical Collaboration 19
Others (Foreign Equity less than 10 per cent or only Outward investment) 47
Total 481

Table 2: Industry-Wise Distribution of Agreements of FTC Companies
Industry Twelfth Round
(2016-17 to 2017-18)
Thirteenth Round
(2019-20 to 2020-21)
Number % of Total Number % of Total
A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied Activities 7 1.1 5 0.5
B. Mining & Quarrying 1 0.2 0 0.0
C. Manufacturing 501 80.8 718 77.2
1. Food Products 7 1.1 11 1.2
2. Beverages and Tobacco products 1 0.2 2 0.2
3. Textiles 3 0.5 5 0.5
4. Wearing Apparel 2 0.3 2 0.2
5. Leather & Related Products 1 0.2 3 0.3
6. Wood & Products of Wood and Cork ; Except Furniture 0 0.0 0 0.0
7. Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media 0 0.0 1 0.1
8. Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 2 0.3 4 0.4
9. Chemicals and Chemical Products 44 7.1 56 6.0
10. Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemical and Botanical Products 31 5.0 35 3.8
11. Rubber and Plastics Products 12 1.9 37 4.0
12. Other Non-metallic Mineral Products 2 0.3 9 1.0
13. Fabricated metal Products; Except Machinery and Equipment 11 1.8 27 2.9
14. Computer, Electronic and Optical Products 4 0.6 15 1.6
15. Electrical Equipment 25 4.0 29 3.1
16. Machinery and Equipment N.E.C. 63 10.2 137 14.8
17. Motor vehicles, Trailers and Semi-Trailers 85 13.7 83 8.9
18. Other Transport Equipment 45 7.3 57 6.1
19. Other Manufacturing 163 26.3 205 22.1
D. Electricity, Gas, Steam and Air Conditioning Supply 0 0.0 1 0.1
E. Water Supply; Sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation activities 0 0.0 4 0.4
F. Construction 28 4.5 24 2.6
G. Services 83 13.4 177 19.2
1. Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles 8 1.3 6 0.7
2. Repair and Installation of Machinery and Equipment 8 1.3 8 0.9
3. Accommodation and Food Service Activities 9 1.5 8 0.9
4. Information and Communication 7 1.1 27 2.9
5. Financial and Insurance Activities 5 0.8 22 2.4
6. Real Estate Activities 0 0.0 0 0.0
7. Scientific Research and development 1 0.2 2 0.2
8. Other Service Activities 45 7.2 104 11.2
Total 620 100.0 929 100.0
Note: The sum of the constituent items may not add to the total due to rounding off. (Also applicable to other tables)

Table 3: Country-wise Distribution of Agreements of FTC Companies
Country Twelfth Round
(2016-17 to 2017-18)
Thirteenth Round
(2019-20 to 2020-21)
Number % of Total Number % of Total
Japan 203 32.7 287 30.9
Germany 72 11.6 128 13.8
United states of America 95 15.3 124 13.4
France 17 2.7 57 6.1
Italy 41 6.6 47 5.1
Republic of Korea 21 3.4 44 4.7
United kingdom 39 6.3 40 4.3
Switzerland 19 3.1 28 3.0
Singapore 10 1.6 16 1.7
Netherlands 13 2.1 16 1.7
Others* 90 14.6 142 15.3
Total 620 100.0 929 100.0
* Others include countries having number of FTC agreements less than 15 during 2019-21 round.

Table 4: Distribution of Agreements According to Type of Assets Transferred of FTC Companies
Asset transferred Twelfth Round
(2016-17 to 2017-18)
Thirteenth Round
(2019-20 to 2020-21)
Number % of Total Number % of Total
Know-how 398 64.2 525 56.5
Trademark/ Brand Name 65 10.5 98 10.5
Patent 14 2.3 7 0.8
Others (including combination of above) 143 23.0 299 32.2
Total 620 100.0 929 100.0

Table 5: Distribution of Agreements According to Mode of Payment of FTC Companies
Mode of Payment Twelfth Round
(2016-17 to 2017-18)
Thirteenth Round
(2019-20 to 2020-21)
Number % of Total Number % of Total
Royalty 271 43.7 426 45.9
Lump Sum Technical Fees 78 12.6 89 9.6
Both Royalty and Technical Fees 173 27.9 190 20.5
Others* 98 15.8 224 24.0
Total 620 100.0 929 100.0
* Others include other modes of payment (other than royalty and lump-sum technical fees) for dividend; stock compensation recharge, import of machinery and raw materials; technical support fees; cost contribution, reimbursement, training, communication and advertising, and other such remittances.

Table 6: Industry-wise Agreements with Exports Restrictive Clauses of FTC Companies
Industry Twelfth Round
(2016-17 to 2017-18)
Thirteenth Round
(2019-20 to 2020-21)
Total Number of Agreement Number of Agreements with Export Restrictive Clauses % of Agreements With Export Restrictive Clauses Total Number of Agreement Number of Agreements with Export Restrictive Clauses % of Agreements With Export Restrictive Clauses
A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied Activities 7 1 14.3 5 1 20.0
B. Mining & Quarrying 1 0 0.0 0 0 -
C. Manufacturing 501 183 36.5 718 203 28.3
1. Food Products 7 2 28.6 11 4 36.4
2. Beverages & Tobacco Products 1 0 0.0 2 0 0.0
3. Textiles 3 1 33.3 5 0 0.0
4. Wearing Apparel 2 0 0.0 2 0 0.0
5. Leather & Related Products 1 1 100 3 0 0.0
6. Wood & Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 0 0 0.0 0 0 -
7. Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media 0 0 0.0 1 0 0.0
8. Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 2 0 0.0 4 2 50.0
9. Chemicals and Chemical Products 44 4 9.1 56 12 21.4
10. Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemical & Botanical Products 31 18 58.1 35 16 45.7
11. Rubber and Plastics Products 12 4 33.3 37 6 16.2
12. Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 2 0 0.0 9 3 33.3
13. Fabricated Metal Products, Ex. Machinery & Equipment 11 5 45.5 27 6 22.2
14. Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 4 1 25.0 15 1 6.7
15. Electrical Equipment 25 9 36.0 29 9 31.0
16. Machinery & Equipment N.E.C. 63 28 44.4 137 28 20.4
17. Motor Vehicles, Trailers & Semi-Trailers 85 23 27.1 83 27 32.5
18. Other Transport Equipment 45 17 37.8 57 25 43.9
19. Other Manufacturing 163 70 42.9 205 64 31.2
D. Electricity, gas, steam & Air Conditioning Supply 0 0 - 1 0 0.0
E. Water supply; sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities 0 0 - 4 0 0.0
F. Construction 28 8 28.6 24 13 54.2
G. Services 83 6 7.2 177 17 9.6
1. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 8 1 12.5 6 0 0.0
2. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 8 0 0.0 8 0 0.0
3. Accommodation and Food service activities 9 0 0.0 8 3 37.5
4. Information and communication 7 1 14.3 27 1 3.7
5. Financial and insurance activities 5 1 20.0 22 1 4.5
6. Real estate activities 0 0 - 0 0 -
7. Scientific Research and development 1 0 0.0 2 0 0.0
8. Other Service Activities 45 3 6.7 104 12 11.5
Total 620 198 31.9 929 234 25.2

Table 7: Country-Wise Distribution of Agreements with Exports Restrictive Clauses of FTC Companies
Country Twelfth Round
(2016-17 to 2017-18)
Thirteenth Round
(2019-20 to 2020-21)
Total Number of Agreements Number of Agreements with Export Restrictive Clauses % of Agreements With Export Restrictive Clauses Total Number of Agreements Number of Agreements with Export Restrictive Clauses % of Agreements With Export Restrictive Clauses
Japan 203 87 42.9 287 107 37.3
Germany 72 13 18.1 128 18 14.1
United states of America 95 31 32.6 124 27 21.8
France 17 4 23.5 57 14 24.6
Italy 41 5 12.2 47 13 27.7
Republic of Korea 21 2 9.5 44 5 11.4
United kingdom 39 14 35.9 40 8 20.0
Switzerland 19 9 47.4 28 9 32.1
Singapore 10 2 20.0 16 3 18.8
Others 103 31 30.1 158 30 19.0
Total 620 198 31.9 929 234 25.2

Table-8: Industry-Wise Distribution of Agreements with Provision of Exclusive Rights of FTC Companies
Industry Twelfth Round
(2016-17 to 2017-18)
Thirteenth Round
(2019-20 to 2020-21)
Number of Agreements with Exclusive Rights % of Total Number of Agreements Number of Agreements with Exclusive Rights % of Total Number of Agreements
A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied Activities 7 100.0 4 80.0
B. Mining & Quarrying 0 0.0 0 -
C. Manufacturing 196 39.1 245 34.1
1. Food Products 5 71.4 5 45.5
2. Beverages & Tobacco Products 0 0.0 0 0.0
3. Textiles 2 66.7 4 80.0
4. Wearing Apparel 2 100.0 0 0.0
5. Leather & Related Products 1 100.0 1 33.3
6. Wood & Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 0 - 0 -
7. Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media 0 - 1 100.0
8. Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 2 100.0 2 50.0
9. Chemicals and Chemical Products 8 18.2 23 41.1
10. Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemical & Botanical Products 22 71.0 18 51.4
11. Rubber and Plastics Products 6 50.0 18 48.6
12. Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 0 0.0 7 77.8
13. Fabricated Metal Products, Ex. Machinery & Equipment 3 27.3 10 37.0
14. Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 3 75.0 4 26.7
15. Electrical Equipment 11 44.0 17 58.6
16. Machinery & Equipment N.E.C. 30 47.6 51 37.2
17. Motor Vehicles, Trailers & Semi-Trailers 30 35.3 30 36.1
18. Other Transport Equipment 14 31.1 13 22.8
19. Other Manufacturing 57 35.0 41 20.0
D. Electricity, gas, steam & Air Conditioning Supply 0 - 0 0.0
E. Water supply; sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities 0 - 1 25.0
F. Construction 6 21.4 16 66.7
G. Services 23 27.7 33 18.6
1. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 4 50.0 4 66.7
2. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 0 0.0 1 12.5
3. Accommodation and Food service activities 5 55.6 5 62.5
4. Information and communication 1 14.3 5 18.5
5. Financial and insurance activities 1 20.0 0 0.0
6. Real estate activities 0 - 0 -
7. Scientific Research and development 1 100.0 1 50.0
8. Other Service Activities 11 24.4 17 16.3
Total 232 37.4 299 32.2

Table-9: Industry-Wise Share in Value of Production of FTC Companies
(₹ crore)
Industry Value of Production Annual Growth
(per cent)
Share in VoP
(2020-21)
2019-20 2020-21
A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied Activities 3,457.3 3,343.8 -3.3 0.5
B. Mining & Quarrying 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
C. Manufacturing 602,396.6 551,172.3 -8.5 75.7
1. Food Products 3,414.5 3,508.4 2.8 0.5
2. Beverages & Tobacco Products 45,093.3 13,109.1 -70.9 1.8
3. Textiles 234.3 296.2 26.4 0.0
4. Wearing Apparel 264.2 205.5 -22.2 0.0
5. Leather & Related Products 3,308.7 1,926.2 -41.8 0.3
6. Wood & Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
7. Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
8. Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 974.6 956.5 -1.9 0.1
9. Chemicals and Chemical Products 44,433.4 47,430.4 6.7 6.5
10. Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemical & Botanical Products 4,687.7 7,660.1 63.4 1.1
11. Rubber and Plastics Products 144,826.4 142,160.2 -1.8 19.5
12. Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 1,752.3 1,500.9 -14.3 0.2
13. Fabricated Metal Products, Ex. Machinery & Equipment 6,758.3 6,664.3 -1.4 0.9
14. Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 5,075.9 4,995.1 -1.6 0.7
15. Electrical Equipment 27,139.7 25,891.2 -4.6 3.6
16. Machinery & Equipment N.E.C. 47,470.0 46,289.3 -2.5 6.4
17. Motor Vehicles, Trailers & Semi-Trailers 170,559.4 161,762.4 -5.2 22.2
18. Other Transport Equipment 7,543.2 8,366.4 10.9 1.1
19. Other Manufacturing 88,860.7 78,450.1 -11.7 10.8
D. Electricity, gas, steam & Air Conditioning Supply 93.9 74.6 -20.6 0.0
E. Water supply; sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities 182.7 177.0 -3.1 0.0
F. Construction 86,179.8 76,465.5 -11.3 10.5
G. Services 114,805.5 96,986.8 -15.5 13.3
1. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 181.6 182.9 0.7 0.0
2. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 303.2 181.7 -40.1 0.0
3. Accommodation and Food service activities 4,136.2 3,447.0 -16.7 0.5
4. Information and communication 13,598.1 12,907.4 -5.1 1.8
5. Financial and insurance activities 3,438.3 3,141.3 -8.6 0.4
6. Real estate activities 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
7. Scientific Research and development 16.4 5.8 -64.6 0.0
8. Other Service Activities 93,131.7 77,120.7 -17.2 10.6
Total 807,115.8 728,220.0 -9.8 100.0

Table 10: Industry-Wise Distribution of Exports of FTC Companies
(₹ crore)
Industry Export Annual Growth
(per cent)
Share in Export
(2020-21)
2019-20 2020-21
A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied Activities 269.3 102.3 -62.0 0.1
B. Mining & Quarrying 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
C. Manufacturing 88,227.7 75,203.7 -14.8 70.9
1. Food Products 176.9 259.8 46.9 0.2
2. Beverages & Tobacco Products 599.2 666.5 11.2 0.6
3. Textiles 77.0 74.7 -3.0 0.1
4. Wearing Apparel 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
5. Leather & Related Products 253.6 217.0 -14.4 0.2
6. Wood & Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
7. Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
8. Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 49.3 96.5 95.7 0.1
9. Chemicals and Chemical Products 5,209.0 5,096.7 -2.2 4.8
10. Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemical & Botanical Products 2,094.6 2,121.9 1.3 2.0
11. Rubber and Plastics Products 25,230.4 18,580.2 -26.4 17.5
12. Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 298.3 253.8 -14.9 0.2
13. Fabricated Metal Products, Ex. Machinery & Equipment 2,602.2 2,819.1 8.3 2.7
14. Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 3,061.7 3,213.7 5.0 3.0
15. Electrical Equipment 5,981.2 6,025.6 0.7 5.7
16. Machinery & Equipment N.E.C. 10,926.6 11,085.8 1.5 10.5
17. Motor Vehicles, Trailers & Semi-Trailers 21,627.1 15,699.2 -27.4 14.8
18. Other Transport Equipment 586.9 636.1 8.4 0.6
19. Other Manufacturing 9,453.7 8,357.1 -11.6 7.9
D. Electricity, gas, steam & Air Conditioning Supply 27.1 18.8 -30.6 0.0
E. Water supply; sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities 4.2 8.3 97.6 0.0
F. Construction 18,986.0 17,162.2 -9.6 16.2
G. Services 13,610.8 13,551.6 -0.4 12.8
1. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 5.3 5.4 1.9 0.0
2. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 30.9 12.0 -61.2 0.0
3. Accommodation and Food service activities 23.0 4.8 -79.1 0.0
4. Information and communication 4,079.6 5,697.2 39.7 5.4
5. Financial and insurance activities 22.8 22.3 -2.2 0.0
6. Real estate activities 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
7. Scientific Research and development 14.2 2.6 -81.7 0.0
8. Other Service Activities 9,435.0 7,807.3 -17.3 7.4
Total 121,125.1 106,046.9 -12.4 100.0

Table 11: Industry-Wise Distribution of Imports of FTC Companies
(₹ crore)
Industry Import Annual Growth
(per cent)
Share in Import
(2020-21)
2019-20 2020-21
A. Agriculture-related, Plantation and Allied Activities 253.2 264.4 4.4 0.2
B. Mining & Quarrying 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
C. Manufacturing 109,862.3 97,729.6 -11.0 68.5
1. Food Products 219.6 174.4 -20.6 0.1
2. Beverages & Tobacco Products 575.5 361.5 -37.2 0.3
3. Textiles 108.2 114.3 5.6 0.1
4. Wearing Apparel 0.0 0.0 - -
5. Leather & Related Products 338.3 104.0 -69.3 0.1
6. Wood & Products of Wood and Cork, Except Furniture 0.0 0.0 - -
7. Printing and Reproduction of Recorded Media 0.0 0.0 - -
8. Coke and Refined Petroleum Products 263.2 285.1 8.3 0.2
9. Chemicals and Chemical Products 17,380.8 19,850.8 14.2 13.9
10. Pharmaceuticals, Medicinal Chemical & Botanical Products 1,454.3 1,102.9 -24.2 0.8
11. Rubber and Plastics Products 1,050.4 841.3 -19.9 0.6
12. Other Non-Metallic Mineral Products 438.1 367.0 -16.2 0.3
13. Fabricated Metal Products, Ex. Machinery & Equipment 1,028.2 1,161.6 13.0 0.8
14. Computer, Electronic & Optical Products 1,989.3 2,012.3 1.2 1.4
15. Electrical Equipment 8,596.3 6,917.6 -19.5 4.8
16. Machinery & Equipment N.E.C. 7,755.9 8,372.6 8.0 5.9
17. Motor Vehicles, Trailers & Semi-Trailers 18,857.3 15,221.6 -19.3 10.6
18. Other Transport Equipment 1,582.8 1,863.2 17.7 1.3
19. Other Manufacturing 48,224.1 38,979.4 -19.2 27.3
D. Electricity, gas, steam & Air Conditioning Supply 13.5 13.6 0.7 0.0
E. Water supply; sewerage, Waste Management and Remediation Activities 30.0 11.8 -60.7 0.0
F. Construction 5,692.2 4,527.6 -20.5 3.2
G. Services 37,535.5 40,480.4 7.8 28.1
1. Wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles 12.0 11.1 -7.5 0.0
2. Repair and installation of machinery and equipment 39.4 28.1 -28.7 0.0
3. Accommodation and Food service activities 17.7 13.0 -26.6 0.0
4. Information and communication 4,804.3 6,406.9 33.4 4.5
5. Financial and insurance activities 88.1 50.7 -42.5 0.0
6. Real estate activities 0.0 0.0 - 0.0
7. Scientific Research and development 3.1 1.9 -38.7 0.0
8. Other Service Activities 32,570.9 33,968.7 4.3 23.6
Total 153,386.7 143,027.4 -6.8 100.0

Table 12: Profitability Ratio of FTC Companies
(per cent)
Survey Round Year Gross Profit to Capital Survey Average
Ninth round (244) 2010-11 9.8 10.0
2011-12 10.1
Tenth round (303) 2012-13 17.0 14.8
2013-14 12.6
Eleventh round (306) 2014-15 17.3 18.0
2015-16 18.5
Twelfth round (334) 2016-17 14.6 16.0
2017-18 17.4
Thirteenth Round (481) 2019-20 14.6 11.5
2020-21 8.4
Note: Figures in parentheses indica

1 The results of the twelfth round of the Survey on Foreign Collaboration in Indian Industry for the period 2016-18 were released on the RBI website on January 28, 2019.

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