India’s Foreign Trade: 2008-09 (April-December)*

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Published on March 16, 2009

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India’s Foreign Trade: 2008-09 (April-December)*

India’s Foreign Trade: 2008-09 (April-December)*

Provisional data on India’s merchandise trade for April-December 2008 and commodity-wise details for April-October 2008 have been recently released by the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S). This article reviews India’s merchandise trade on the basis of these data.

Highlights

India’s merchandise exports during December 2008 at US$ 12.7 billion recorded a decline of 1.1 per cent as against a growth of 20.8 per cent registered in December 2007. With exports having recorded a steady decline since October 2008, the overall exports during April-December 2008 at US$ 130.9 billion showed a lower growth of 16.3 per cent than 23.2 per cent a year ago.
Imports during December 2008 at US$ 20.3 billion showed a sharp deceleration in growth to 8.8 per cent from 24.3 per cent in December 2007, mainly due to decline in oil imports. The overall imports during April-December 2008 at US$ 224.4 billion, however, maintained a higher growth of 30.8 per cent as compared with 27.6 per cent a year ago.
Petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) imports during April-December 2008 at US$ 78.0 billion, registered a higher growth of 43.3 per cent than 24.0 per cent in April-December 2007, largely due to higher international crude oil prices that prevailed during May-August 2008. The average price of Indian basket of crude oil during April-December 2008 stood at US$ 95.5 per barrel which was

*Prepared in the Division of International Trade, Department of Economic Analysis and Policy. The previous issue of the article was published in RBI Bulletin, February 2009.

higher by 27.9 per cent than US$ 74.7 per barrel during April-December 2007.

Non-oil imports during April-December 2008 at US$ 146.4 billion decelerated to 25.0 per cent from 29.3 per cent a year ago, mainly due to decline in the imports of pearls, precious and semi-precious stones, gold and silver, electronic goods and deceleration in transport equipments.
Trade deficit during April-December 2008 widened to US$ 93.5 billion, an increase of US$ 34.5 billion (58.5 per cent) over the trade deficit of US$ 59.0 billion during April-December 2007.

India’s Merchandise Trade during 2008-09 (April-December)

Exports

India’s merchandise exports, after growing at 35.3 per cent during April-August 2008, recorded decline for three consecutive months (-12.1 per cent in October), (-9.9 per cent in November) and (-1.1 per cent in December) under the impact of global

Table 1: India’s Merchandise Trade: April-December
(US $ billion)
Items	2007-08 R	2008-09 P
1	2
Exports	112.6	130.9
	(23.2)	(16.3)
Oil Exports	19.5	20.5 *
	(36.4)	(35.3) *
Non-Oil Exports	93.1	88.0 *
	(20.8)	(21.0) *
Imports	171.6	224.4
	(27.6)	(30.8)
Oil Imports	54.4	78.0
	(24.0)	(43.3)
Non-Oil Imports	117.2	146.4
	(29.3)	(25.0)
Trade Balance	-59.0	-93.5
Oil Trade Balance	-34.9	-49.2 *
Non-Oil Trade Balance	-24.1	-26.7*
* : Figures pertain to April-October . R : Revised. P : Provisional. Note :Figures in parentheses show percentage change over the corresponding period of the previous year. Source :Compiled from DGCI&S data

economic slowdown (Chart 1). With the result, the overall exports during April-December 2008 at US$ 130.9 billion registered a lower growth of 16.3 per cent than 23.2 per cent during the corresponding period of the previous year (Table 1). Exports of labour-intensive sectors such as,

textiles, gems and jewellery and leather have been adversely affected under the impact of demand recession, mainly in the developed regions viz., the EU and the US.

The commodity-wise exports data released by DGCI&S for the period April-October 2008 revealed that manufactured goods continued to maintain largest share at 64.1 per cent, followed by petroleum products (18.9 per cent) and primary products (14.7 per cent). During April-October 2008, engineering goods, agriculture and allied products, chemicals and related products and petroleum products showed accelerated growth in exports, while ores and minerals, leather and manufactures, textile and textile products and gems and jewellery showed deceleration and handicrafts exports declined (Table 2). However, the month of October 2008 witnessed an across-the-board decline in the export of all major commodity

Table 2: India’s Exports of Principal Commodities
(Percentage Shares)
Commodity	2006-07	2007-08	2007-08	2008-09
Commodity	April-March		April-October
1	2	3	4	5
I. Primary products	15.6	16.9	14.4	14.7
Agriculture and allied products	10.0	11.3	9.5	10.4
Ores and minerals	5.5	5.6	4.8	4.4
II. Manufactured goods	67.2	63.2	65.6	64.1
Leather and manufactures	2.4	2.2	2.3	2.1
Related Chemicals and products	13.7	13.0	13.0	12.9
Engineering goods	23.4	22.9	23.2	25.8
Textile and textile products	13.7	11.9	12.4	10.7
Gems and jewellery	12.6	12.1	13.4	11.6
III.Petroleum products	14.8	17.4	17.2	18.9
IV. Others	2.4	2.5	2.8	2.3
Total Exports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source :Compiled from DGCI&S data.

groups, except engineering goods as compared to October 2007.

Exports of primary products during April-October 2008 at US$ 16.0 billion showed a marginal deceleration in growth to 26.6 per cent from 27.7 per cent during the corresponding period of the previous year. Within primary products, agricultural and allied products exhibited a higher growth of 34.2 per cent than 29.8 per cent a year ago, due to the pick-up in the exports of oil meal, tobacco, coffee, and cashew. The other major commodities such as rice, spices, sugar and mollases and marine products continued to show deceleration/decline in export growth. Exports of ores and minerals grew by 11.6 per cent (23.7 per cent a year back).

Exports of manufactured goods during April-October 2008 at US$ 69.5 billion recorded 20.7 per cent growth, almost the same growth witnessed during the corresponding period of the previous year (20.9 per cent). Within manufactured products, engineering goods and chemicals and related products exhibited higher growth, while textiles and textile products, leather and manufactures and gems and jewellery witnessed deceleration.

Engineering goods exports during April-October 2008 at US$ 28.0 billion, which constituted almost one-fourth of total exports, showed a higher growth of 37.5 per cent than 25.7 per cent a year ago, contributed largely by transport equipments, iron and steel and electronic goods. Exports of transport equipments to the major markets such as Singapore, the US and the UK increased substantially on the back of strong export performance, particularly during the period April-September 2008.

Chemicals and related products exports during April-October 2008 at US$ 14.0 billion grew by 22.4 per cent (18.0 per cent a year ago). The increase in exports was contributed mainly by higher growth in basic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Exports of textiles and textile products during April-October 2008 at US$ 11.6 billion witnessed a moderate growth of 6.4 per cent (10.8 per cent a year ago). Readymade garments, which accounted for about 50 per cent share in textiles and textile products exports, showed deceleration in export growth. Among other major components, manmade yarn, fabrics and made-ups and cotton yarn decelerated.

Gems and jewellery exports at US$ 12.6 billion recorded a sharp deceleration to 7.4 per cent during April-October 2008 from 26.9 per cent a year ago reflecting the recessionary conditions in the major export destinations for India’s gems and jewellery viz., Hong Kong, the US and the UAE.

Exports of petroleum products at US$ 20.5 billion witnessed an accelerated growth of 35.3 per cent during April-October 2008 as compared with 31.8 per cent a year ago. The volume of exports, however, showed a decline of 11.1 per cent as against a growth of 22.5 per cent a year ago. Exports to the major markets viz., the UAE, Singapore, and the Netherlands witnessed substantial rise during the period.

Destination-wise, during April-October 2008, developing countries continued to remain the major markets for India’s exports with a share of 40.3 per cent, followed by OECD countries (37.9 per cent)

Table 3: India’s Exports to Principal Regions
(Percentage Shares)
Region	2006-07	2007-08	2007-08	2008-09
Region	April-March		April-October
1	2	3	4	5
I. OECD countries	41.2	38.5	40.5	37.9
EU	20.4	20.2	21.5	21.3
North America	15.8	13.5	14.5	12.5
U.S.	14.9	12.7	13.7	11.8
Asia and Oceania	3.4	3.2	3.0	2.5
Other OECD countries	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.5
II. OPEC	16.4	16.4	17.4	19.9
III. Eastern Europe	2.0	2.1	1.1	1.2
IV. Developing countries	40.2	42.7	40.6	40.3
Asia	29.8	31.6	29.5	29.4
SAARC	5.1	5.9	53	5.1
Other Asian developing
countries	24.6	25.7	24.2	24.3
Africa	7.0	7.7	7.9	7.1
Latin American countries	3.4	3.4	3.2	3.8
V. Others / unspecified	0.3	0.4	0.4	0.7
Total Exports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source :Compiled from DGCI&S data.

and OPEC (19.9 per cent). The US with a share of 11.8 per cent continued to be the single largest export destination of India, though its share declined over the previous year (13.7 per cent) [Table 3]. The US was followed by the UAE (11.2 per cent), Singapore (5.3 per cent), China (4.5 per cent) and Hong Kong (3.8 per cent). Region-wise details available for October 2008 indicated that India’s export to major regions except OPEC declined.

Imports

India’s merchandise imports which recorded high growth during April-September 2008 (44.9 per cent), witnessed steady deceleration in growth since October 2008 (10.6 per cent ), November (6.1 per cent), and December (8.8 per cent) reflecting the slowdown in industrial activities. The overall imports during April-December 2008 at US$ 224.4 billion, however, recorded a higher growth of 30.8 per cent than 27.6 per cent a year ago, due to strong import growth during the period April-September 2008. POL imports during April-December 2008 at US$ 78.0 billion, accelerated to 43.3 per cent (24.0 per cent a year ago), largely due to high crude oil prices prevailed during April-September 2008, though the price witnessed sharp decline since October 2008. The average price of Indian basket of crude oil during April-December 2008 stood at US$ 95.5 per barrel (ranged between US$ 40.6 – 132.5 per barrel) which was higher by 27.9 per cent than US$ 74.7 per barrel (ranged between US$ 65.5 – 89.1 per barrel) during April-December 2007 (Table 4). Non-oil imports during April-December 2008 moderated to 25.0 per cent from 29.3 per cent during previous year.

Table 4: Trends in Crude Oil Prices
(US $/barrel)
Year	Dubai	Brent	WTI*	Indian Basket**
1	2	3	4	5
2000-01	25.9	28.1	30.3	26.8
2001-02	21.8	23.2	24.1	22.4
2002-03	25.9	27.6	29.2	26.6
2003-04	26.9	29.0	31.4	27.8
2004-05	36.4	42.2	45.0	39.2
2005-06	53.4	58.0	59.9	55.7
2006-07	60.9	64.4	64.7	62.4
2007-08	77.3	82.4	82.3	79.5
April-December 2007	72.6	77.6	77.0	74.7
April-December 2008	94.6	98.0	100.1	95.5
December 2007	85.8	91.5	91.4	87.9
December 2008	41.0	41.6	41.4	40.6
* : West Texas Intermediate. : The composition of Indian basket of crude represents average of Oman and Dubai for sour grades and Brent (dated) for sweet grade in the ratio of 62.3:37.7 for 2008-09. Sources:*International Monetary Fund, International* Financial Statistics, World Bank’s Commodity Price Pink Sheet January 2009.

Commodity wise imports data for the period April-October 2008 indicated that POL imports showed sharp rise of 69.1 per cent as compared with 17.1 per cent a year ago on account of high international crude oil prices. Non-POL imports witnessed moderation in growth (from 33.3 per cent to 24.6 per cent), mainly due to decline in imports of pearls, precious and semiprecious stones and gold and silver. The period (April-October 2008) also witnessed deceleration/decline in imports of capital goods such as electronic goods and transport equipments, while chemicals and fertilizers recorded higher growth.

Source-wise, during April-October 2008, OPEC had the highest share in India’s imports (36.6 per cent), followed by developing countries (31.1 per cent) and OECD countries (29.6 per cent) [Table 6]. China was the single largest source of imports, with the share of 10.3 per cent in

Table 5: Imports of Principal Commodities
(Percentage Shares)
Commodity	2006-07	2007-08	2007-08	2008-09
Commodity	April-March		April-October
1	2	3	4	5
1.Petroleum, crude and products	30.8	31.7	30.9	37.8
2.Capital goods	253	28.2	23.2	20.1
3.Gold and silver	7.9	7.1	9.5	6.2
4.Organic and inorganic chemicals	4.2	3.9	4.2	4.7
5.Coal, coke and briquettes, etc.	2.5	2.6	2.6	3.7
6.Fertilizers	1.7	2.2	2.2	5.4
7.Metalliferrous ores, metal scrap, etc.	4.5	3.1	3.5	2.9
8.Iron and steel	3.5	3.5	3.9	33
9. Pearls, precious and semi precious stone	4.0	3.2	4.1	2.6
10.Others	19.6	18.7	21.9	18.4
Total Imports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source:DGCI&S.

Table 6: Shares of Groups/Countries in India’s Imports
Table 6: Shares of Groups/Countries in India’s Imports
(Percentage Shares)
Group/Country	2006-07	2007-08	2007-08	2008-09
Group/Country	April-March		April-October
1	2	3	4	5
I. O E C D Countries	34.5	34.8	34.2	29.6
E U	153	14.6	14.7	12.1
France	2.3	2.5	1.0	0.9
Germany	4.1	3.9	3.9	3.4
U K	2.2	2.0	2.3	1.7
North America	73	9.1	6.7	6.3
U S A	6.3	8.4	5.9	5.7
Asia and Oceania	6.4	5.8	6.6	5.9
Other O E C D Countries	5.5	5.2	6.3	53
II. O P E C	30.2	30.3	30.5	36.6
III. Eastern Europe	2.7	2.1	1.6	2.4
IV. Developing Countries	32.2	32.1	33.3	31.1
Asia	25.5	25.5	26.9	25.0
S A A R C	0.8	0.8	0.8	0.6
Other Asian
Developing Countries	24.7	24.7	26.1	24.4
Of which:
People’s Rep of China	9.4	10.8	11.5	10.3
Africa	3.7	4.1	4.1	43
Latin American Countries	3.0	2.4	2.3	1.8
Total Imports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data.

total imports during April-October 2008, followed by Saudi Arabia (8.2 per cent), the UAE (6.2 per cent), the US (5.7 per cent), Iran (4.8 per cent) and Switzerland (4.3 per cent).

Trade Deficit

The overall trade deficit during April-December 2008 amounted to US$ 93.5 billion, showing an increase of US$ 34.5 billion (58.5 per cent) over the trade deficit of US$ 59.0 billion during April-December 2007. Trade deficit on oil account during April-October 2008 stood at US$ 49.2 billion, higher by US$ 23.1 billion than US$ 26.0 billion a year ago. Trade deficit on non-oil account during this period amounted to US$ 26.7 billion, higher by US$ 7.3 billion than US$ 19.3 billion a year back.

Global Trade

The persisting global economic slowdown began to impinge the world merchandise trade, particularly since August 2008. According to the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) International Financial Statistics (IFS), world merchandise exports, in dollar terms, which grew on an average 22.6 per cent during January-September, decelerated to 2.7 per cent in October 2008. Exports from emerging and developing economies grew by 10.8 per cent, while that from advanced economies recorded a negative growth (-1.4 per cent) during October 2008 (Chart 2). However, overall exports during January-October 2008 still recorded a higher growth of 20.3 per cent than 14.8 cent a year ago, mainly because of the higher export growth recorded in the first half of 2008. Exports from advanced economies maintained a growth of 16.9 per cent (13.4 per cent a year ago), while that of emerging and developing economies grew by 26.2 per cent, as against 17.4 per cent growth recorded in January-October 2007 (Table 7).

Table 7: Growth in Exports: Global Scenario
(Per cent)
Region/Country	2006	2007	2007	2008
Region/Country	January-December		January-October
1	2	3	4	5
World	16.1	14.0	14.8	20.3
Advanced Economies	12.6	13.4	13.4	16.9
US	14.5	12.0	11.8	16.2
France	10.1	12.3	12.2	17.1
Germany	14.7	18.4	19.4	16.9
Japan	9.2	7.8	8.5	18.6
Emerging and Developing Economies	22.8	15.1	17.4	26.2
Singapore	18.4	10.1	9.7	19.7
China	27.2	25.6	26.5	22.0
India	21.4	21.5	20.8	27.3
Indonesia	19.0	14.7	14.2	24.5
Korea	14.4	14.1	13.7	21.0
Malaysia	14.0	9.6	9.1	16.8
Thailand	18.7	17.0	15.9	23.1
Sources :(1) IMF (www.imfstatistics.org),
(2) DGCI&S for India.

Commodity Prices

The world commodity prices persisted to show downward trend. According to IFS, world commodity prices which decelerated since August 2008 declined substantially by 36.5 per cent in December 2008. The decline was seen in energy, metal and food prices. Energy prices declined by 42.7 per cent and metals prices declined by 36.4 per cent and food prices by 18.4 per cent during December 2008 (Chart 3).

Statement 1 : India’s Foreign Trade - December 2008
Year	Exports			Imports			Trade Balance
Year	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
		Rupees crore
2006-07	47,368	6,666	40,702	66,848	19,828	47,020	-19,479	-13,162	-6,318
	(12.4)	(39.5)	(8.9)	(18.2)	(16.9)	(18.8)
2007-08 R	50,580	9,005	41,575	73,395	26,913	46,482	-22,815	-17,908	-4,907
	(6.8)	(35.1)	(2.1)	(9.8)	(35.7)	(-1.1)
2008-09 P	61,715	..	..	98,515	22,919	75,596	-36,800
	(22.0)			(34.2)	(-14.8)	(62.6)
US dollar million
2006-07	10,612	1,494	9,119	14,977	4,442	10,534	-4,364	-2,949	-1415
	(14.9)	(42.7)	(11.4)	(20.9)	(19.5)	(21.5)
2007-08 R	12,825	2,283	10,541	18,610	6,824	11,786	-5,785	-4,541	-1,244
	(20.8)	(52.9)	(15.6)	(24.3)	(53.6)	(11.9)	(32.6)
2008-09 P	12,690	..	..	20,256	4,712	15,544	-7,567
	(-1.1)			(8.8)	(-30.9)	(31.9)	(30.8)
SDR million
2006-07	7,038	990	6,048	9,932	2,946	6,986	-2,894	-1,956	-939
	(9.1)	(35.4)	(5.7)	(14.7)	(13.4)	(15.3)
2007-08 R	8,131	1,448	6,684	11,799	4,327	7,473	-3,668	-2,879	-789
	(15.5)	(46.2)	(10.5)	(18.8)	(46.9)	(7.0)
2008-09 P	8,335			13,305	3,095	10,210	-4,970
	(2.5)			(12.8)	(-28.5)	(36.6)
P : Provisional. R : Revised. .. : Not available. Note :Figures in brackets relate to percentage variation over the corresponding previous period. Source :DGCI & S.

Statement 2 : India’s Foreign Trade
Year	Exports			Imports				Trade Balance
Year	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
April-March
Rupees crore
2005-06	456,418	51,533	404,885	660,409	194,640	465,769	-203,991	-143,107	-60,884
	(21.6)	(64.1)	(17.7)	(31.8)	(45.2)	(26.9)
2006-07 R	571,779	84,520	487,259	840,506	258,572	581,935	-268,727	-174,052	-94,675
	(25.3)	(64.0)	(20.3)	(27.3)	(32.8)	(24.9)
2007-08 P	655,864	114,192	541,672	1,012,312	320,655	691,657	-356,448	-206,463	-149,985
	(14.7)	(35.1)	(11.2)	(20.4)	(24.0)	(18.9)
	US dollar million
2005-06	103,091	11,640	91,451	149,166	43,963	105,203	-46,075	-32,323	-13,752
	(23.4)	(66.5)	(19.5)	(33.8)	(47.3)	(28.8)
2006-07 R	126,361	18,679	107,683	185,749	57,144	128,606	-59,388	-38,465	-20,923
	(22.6)	(60.5)	(17.7)	(24.5)	(30.0)	(22.2)
2007-08 P	162,904	28,363	134,541	251,439	79,645	171,795	-88,535	-51,281	-37,254
	(28.9)	(51.8)	(24.9)	(35.4)	(39.4)	(33.6)
SDR million
2005-06	70,774	7,991	62,783	102,405	30,182	72,224	-31,632	-22,191	-9,441
	(26.2)	(70.3)	(22.2)	(36.8)	(50.6)	(31.7)
2006-07 R	85,018	12,567	72,451	124,975	38,447	86,528	-39,957	-25,880	-14,077
	(20.1)	(57.3)	(15.4)	(22.0)	(27.4)	(19.8)
2007-08 P	104,686	18,227	86,459	161,581	51,181	110,399	-56,895	-32,955	-23,940
	(23.1)	(45.0)	(19.3)	(29.3)	(33.1)	(27.6)
April-December
Rupees crore
2006-07	416,686	65,328	351,357	613,523	200,090	413,433	-196,837	-134,762	-62,075
	(28.6)	(80.1)	(22.1)	(27.1)	(43.7)	(20.4)
2007-08 R	454,997	78,920	376,077	693,445	219,897	473,548	-238,448	-140,978	-97,470
	(9.2)	(20.8)	(7.0)	(13.0)	(9.9)	(14.5)
2008-09 P	585,593	..	..	1,003,947	348,868	655,079	-418,354
	(28.7)			(44.8)	(58.7)	(38.3)
US dollar million
2006-07	91,361	14,324	77,038	134,519	43,871	90,648	-43,158	-29,547	-13,610
	(24.7)	(74.6)	(18.4)	(23.3)	(39.4)	(16.8)
2007-08 R	112,603	19,531	93,072	171,614	54,420	117,194	-59,011	-34,889	-24,122
	(23.2)	(36.4)	(20.8)	(27.6)	(24.0)	(29.3)	(36.7)
2008-09 P	130,909	20454*	87953*	224,432	77,989	146,442	-93,523
	(16.3)	(35.3)	(21.0)	(30.8)	(43.3)	(25.0)	(58.5)
SDR million
2006-07	61,653	9,666	51,987	90,777	29,605	61,172	-29,124	-19,939	-9,185
	(23.1)	(72.3)	(16.9)	(21.7)	(37.5)	(15.2)
2007-08 R	73,055	12,671	60,384	111,341	35,307	76,034	-38,286	-22,636	-15,650
	(18.5)	(31.1)	(16.2)	(22.7)	(19.3)	(24.3)
2008-09 P	83,338	..	..	142,875	49,649	93,226	-59,537
	(14.1)			(28.3)	(40.6)	(22.6)
P : Provisional. R : Revised. .. : Not available.* : Figures pertain to the month of April-October. Note :1. Figures in brackets relate to percentage variation over the corresponding period of the previous year. 2. Data conversion has been done using period average exchange rates. Source :DGCI & S.

Statement 3 : India’s Exports of Principal Commodities
(US$ million)
Commodity/Group		April-October			Percentage	Variation
Commodity/Group		2006-07	2007-08	2008-09 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1		2	3	4	5	6
I. Primary Products		9,878.5	12,611.8	15,963.9	27.7	26.6
		(13.9)	(14.4)	(14.7)
A. Agricultural & Allied Products		6,454.1	8,377.0	11,239.4	29.8	34.2
of which :		(9.1)	(9.5)	(10.4)	(4.9)	(8.7)
1.	Tea	274.4	284.0	356.6	3.5	25.6
2.	Coffee	261.9	242.1	326.4	-7.6	34.8
3.	Rice	831.6	1,375.2	1,504.2	65.4	9.4
4.	Wheat	7.0	0.0	0.1	-99.4	46.0
5.	Cotton Raw incl. Waste	372.4	294.7	386.3	-20.9	31.1
6.	Tobacco	2193	277.2	446.2	26.4	61.0
7.	Cashew incl. CNSL	319.7	303.6	424.1	-5.0	39.7
8.	Spices	363.4	758.1	862.1	108.6	13.7
9.	Oil Meal	441.9	555.0	1,208.1	25.6	117.7
10	Marine Products	958.1	1,076.0	972.0	12.3	-9.7
11	Sugar & Mollases	525.2	718.0	974.5	36.7	35.7
B. Ores & Minerals		3,424.4	4,234.8	4,724.6	23.7	11.6
of which :		(4.8)	(4.8)	(4.4)
1.	Iron Ore	1,779.9	2,320.4	2,559.4	30.4	10.3
2.	Processed Minerals	775.4	736.7	927.6	-5.0	25.9
II. Manufactured Goods		47,673.5	57,620.4	69,533.2	20.9	20.7
of which :		(67.2)	(65.6)	(64.1)
A. Leather & Manufactures		1,719.9	1,997.1	2,222.9	16.1	11.3
B. Chemicals & Related Products		9,686.1	11,427.6	13,984.2	18.0	22.4
1.	Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics	6,072.9	7,453.6	9,392.6	22.7	26.0
2.	Plastic & Linoleum	1,855.3	1,868.8	2,006.5	0.7	7.4
3.	Rubber, Glass, Paints & Enamels etc.,	1,344.0	1,632.7	1,852.0	21.5	13.4
4.	Residual Chemicals & Allied Products	413.9	472.5	733.1	14.2	55.2
C. Engineering Goods		16,213.4	20,379.7	28,022.9	25.7	37.5
of	which :
1.	Manufactures of metals	2,813.2	3,772.1	4,657.6	34.1	23.5
2.	Machinery & Instruments	3,784.6	4,933.5	6,361.3	30.4	28.9
3.	Transport equipments	2,634.1	3,704.4	6,408.9	40.6	73.0
4.	Iron & steel	2,932.9	3,108.9	4,372.0	6.0	40.6
5.	Electronic goods	1,604.3	1,820.7	2,609.9	13.5	43.3
D. Textiles and Textile Products		9,868.5	10,930.7	11,632.0	10.8	6.4
1.	Cotton Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc.,	2,444.5	2,589.9	2,684.0	5.9	3.6
2.	Natural Silk Yarn, Fabrics Madeups etc. (incl.silk waste)	254.7	222.9	229.2	-12.5	2.8
3.	Manmade Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc.,	1,233.7	1,643.8	1,919.1	33.2	16.7
4.	Manmade Staple Fibre	94.8	139.4	182.6	47.0	31.0
5.	Woolen Yarn, Fabrics, Madeups etc.	49.7	49.4	60.6	-0.7	22.8
6.	Readymade Garments	5,005.9	5,457.4	5,784.1	9.0	6.0
7.	Jute & Jute Manufactures	176.4	190.8	205.3	8.1	7.6
8.	Coir & Coir Manufactures	80.5	91.8	89.5	14.1	-2.5
9.	Carpets	528.2	545.3	477.7	3.2	-12.4
	(a) Carpet Handmade	514.2	536.3	473.8	4.3	-11.7
	(b) Carpet Millmade	0.0	0.0	0.0	—	—
	(c) Silk Carpets	14.1	8.9	3.9	-36.7	-55.7
E. Gems & Jewellery		9,259.2	11,747.2	12,622.3	26.9	7.4
F. Handicrafts		275.6	382.2	187.9	38.7	-50.8
III. Petroleum Products		11,467.1	15,116.4	20,453.8	31.8	35.3
		(16.2)	(17.2)	(18.9)	(6.5)	(9.6)
IV. Others		1,932.3	2,456.8	2,456.1	27.1	0.0
		(2.7)	(2.8)	(2.3)
Total Exports		70,951.4	87,805.4	108,407.0	23.8	23.5
P : Provisional. Note :Figures in brackets relate to percentage to total exports for the period. Source :DGCI & S.

Statement 4 : Direction of India’s Foreign Trade - Exports
(US$ million)
Group/Country	April-October			Percentage	Variation
Group/Country	2006-07	2007-08	2008-09 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1	2	3	4	5	6
I. O E C D Countries	29,835.4	35,586.8	41,039.6	19.3	15.3
A. E U	14,740.8	18,840.2	23,083.5	27.8	22.5
of which:
1. Belgium	1,889.0	2,428.6	2,995.0	28.6	23.3
2. France	1,200.4	1,393.0	1,686.8	16.0	21.1
3. Germany	2,199.4	2,845.3	3,488.0	29.4	22.6
4. Italy	1,963.0	2,204.7	2,356.0	12.3	6.9
5. Netherland	1,395.3	2,506.6	3,894.0	79.6	55.3
6. U K	3,099.9	3,794.6	3,780.5	22.4	-0.4
B. North America	11,650.1	12,727.6	13,561.0	9.2	6.5
1. Canada	654.0	716.2	802.5	9.5	12.1
2. U S A	10,996.17	12,011.44	12,758.45	9.2	6.2
C. Asia and Oceania	2,481.4	2,651.0	2,734.3	6.8	3.1
of which:
1. Australia	524.6	674.3	810.5	28.5	20.2
2. Japan	1,507.4	1,895.4	1,797.0	25.7	-5.2
D. Other O E C D Countries	963.1	1,368.0	1,660.8	42.1	21.4
of which:
1. Switzerland	241.7	341.0	392.6	41.1	15.1
II. O P E C	12,140.6	15,309.8	21,576.8	26.1	40.9
of which:
1. Indonesia	1,013.6	971.3	1,645.6	-4.2	69.4
2. Iran	977.7	1,424.2	1,570.3	45.7	10.3
3. Iraq	111.5	117.0	231.5	4.9	97.9
4. Kuwait	351.8	370.7	483.9	5.4	30.5
5. Saudi Arabia	1,394.1	1,965.8	3,580.5	41.0	82.1
6. U A E	7,144.5	8,966.5	12,140.3	25.5	35.4
III. Eastern Europe	858.6	976.4	1,297.9	13.7	32.9
of which:
1 Russia	489.1	506.6	680.8	3.6	34.4
IV. Developing Countries	27,985.9	35,616.9	43,719.6	27.3	22.7
of which:
A. Asia	20,754.2	25,860.9	31,888.1	24.6	23.3
a) S A A R C	3,678.5	4,635.1	5,539.5	26.0	19.5
1. Afghanistan	91.9	136.6	215.3	48.6	57.6
2. Bangladesh	919.8	1,241.4	1,623.5	35.0	30.8
3. Bhutan	27.7	49.1	63.4	-	29.1
4. Maldives	39.4	48.2	64.8	22.3	34.3
5. Nepal	546.9	752.8	977.7	37.7	29.9
6. Pakistan	789.3	917.1	914.0	16.2	-0.3
7 Sri Lanka	1,263.4	1,489.7	1,680.8	17.9	12.8
b) Other Asian Developing Countries	17,075.7	21,225.8	26,348.6	24.3	24.1
of which:
1. People’s Rep of China	4,015.5	4,718.3	4,829.6	17.5	2.4
2. Hong Kong	2,633.3	3,532.6	4,154.9	34.1	17.6
3. South Korea	1,267.1	1,362.9	2,216.4	7.6	62.6
4. Malaysia	688.1	1,237.3	1,712.4	79.8	38.4
5. Singapore	3,846.6	3,831.8	5,750.1	-0.4	50.1
6. Thailand	795.4	1,014.9	1,246.4	27.6	22.8
B. Africa	4,899.8	6,948.3	7,709.7	41.8	11.0
of which:
1. Benin	82.7	131.6	121.6	59.2	-7.6
2. Egypt Arab Republic	379.6	757.6	1,134.7	99.6	49.8
3. Kenya	877.1	720.4	937.3	-17.9	30.1
4. South Africa	1,365.0	1,466.9	1,274.9	7.5	-13.1
5. Sudan	234.8	223.0	265.7	-5.0	19.2
6. Tanzania	169.7	326.1	704.4	92.2	116.0
7. Zambia	68.0	90.6	62.1	33.2	-31.4
C. Latin American Countries	2,331.9	2,807.6	4,121.8	20.4	46.8
V. Others	68.3	182.1	339.8	166.5	86.6
VI. Unspecified	62.5	133.5	433.3	113.5	224.7
Total Exports	70,951.4	87,805.4	108,407.0	23.8	23.5
P : Provisional. Source :DGCI & S.
P : Provisional. Source :DGCI & S.

Statement 5 : India’s Imports of Principal Commodities
(US$ million)
Commodity/Group	April-October			Percentage	Variation
	2006-07	2007-08	2008-09 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1	2	3	4	5	6
I. Bulk Imports	49,405.1	60,204.2	98,010.1	21.9	62.8
	(47.4)	(45.2)	(53.2)
A. Petroleum, Petroleum Products	35,135.52	41,150.70	69,605.15	17.1	69.1
& Related Material	(33.7)	(30.9)	(37.8)
B. Bulk Consumption Goods	1,964.6	2,553.8	2,611.3	30.0	2.3
1. Wheat	189.3	117.3	0.0	-38.0	-100.0
2. Cereals & Cereal Preparations	21.2	21.5	25.7	1.5	19.4
3. Edible Oil	1,359.4	1,673.5	1,868.0	23.1	11.6
4. Pulses	394.1	741.0	710.6	88.0	-4.1
5. Sugar	0.6	0.5	7.0	-28.8	1,432.3
C. Other Bulk Items	12,304.9	16,499.8	25,793.7	34.1	56.3
1. Fertilisers	1,897.7	2,965.3	9,961.2	56.3	235.9
a) Crude	213.6	242.5	647.7	13.5	167.1
b) Sulphur & Unroasted Iron Pyrites	61.3	129.7	592.7	111.5	357.1
c) Manufactured	1,622.8	2,593.2	8,720.7	59.8	236.3
2. Non-Ferrous Metals	1,473.3	1,964.8	2,083.1	33.4	6.0
3. Paper, Paperboard & Mgfd. incl. Newsprint	750.5	827.3	1,168.4	10.2	41.2
4. Crude Rubber, incl. Synthetic & Reclaimed	337.8	437.8	672.9	29.6	53.7
5. Pulp & Waste Paper	362.7	454.4	516.6	25.3	13.7
6. Metalliferrous Ores & Metal Scrap	4,049.5	4,661.1	5,375.7	15.1	15.3
7. Iron & Steel	3,433.3	5,189.1	6,015.9	51.1	15.9
II. Non-Bulk Imports	54,725.1	72,945.2	86,199.0	33.3	18.2
	(52.6)	(54.8)	(46.8)
A. Capital Goods	23,167.3	30,928.2	37,080.1	33.5	19.9
1. Manufactures of Metals	829.3	1,253.2	1,936.4	51.1	54.5
2. Machine Tools	800.7	1,141.8	1,447.5	42.6	26.8
3. Machinery except Electrical & Electronics	7,468.1	10,044.6	13,291.9	34.5	32.3
4. Electrical Machinery except Electronics	1,119.2	1,624.8	1,995.2	45.2	22.8
5. Electronic Goods incl. Computer Software	9,732.2	12,659.9	12,324.1	30.1	-2.7
6. Transport Equipments	2,219.0	3,457.5	4,316.0	55.8	24.8
7. Project Goods	998.8	746.3	1,768.9	-25.3	137.0
B. Mainly Export Related Items	10,390.9	12,843.1	15,313.3	23.6	19.2
1. Pearls, Precious & Semi-Precious Stones	4,254.5	5,486.4	4,724.2	29.0	-13.9
2. Chemicals, Organic & Inorganic	4,544.8	5,649.9	8,669.4	24.3	53.4
3. Textile Yarn, Fabric, etc.	1,308.7	1,444.0	1,505.2	10.3	4.2
4. Cashew Nuts, raw	282.9	262.7	414.6	-7.2	57.8
C. Others	21,166.9	29,174.0	33,805.6	37.8	15.9
of which :
1. Gold & Silver	8,936.2	12,709.8	11,359.2	42.2	-10.6
2. Artificial Resins & Plastic Materials	1,522.5	2,101.9	2,460.9	38.1	17.1
3. Professional Instruments etc. except electrical	1,317.9	1,725.8	2,252.3	30.9	30.5
4. Coal, Coke & Briquittes etc.	2,543.4	3,465.0	6,787.8	36.2	95.9
5. Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Products	662.8	982.4	1,075.1	48.2	9.4
6. Chemical Materials & Products	798.8	931.2	1,283.0	16.6	37.8
7. Non-Metallic Mineral Manufactures	444.4	577.7	728.2	30.0	26.1
Total Imports	104,130.2	133,149.4	184,209.2	27.9	38.3
Memo Items
Non-Oil Imports	68,994.6	91,998.7	114,604.0	33.3	24.6
Non-Oil Imports excl. Gold & Silver	60,058.5	79,289.0	103,244.9	32.0	30.2
Mainly Industrial Inputs*	55,153.1	72,416.2	89,660.5	31.3	23.8
P : Provisional. * : Non oil imports net of gold and silver, bulk consumption goods, manufactured fertilizers and professional instruments. Note :Figures in brackets relate to percentage to total imports for the period. Source :DGCI & S.

Statement 6 : Direction of India’s Foreign Trade-Imports
(US$ million)
Group / Country	April-October			Percentage	Variation
Group / Country	2006-07	2007-08	2008-09 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1	2	3	4	5	6
I. O E C D Countries	34,1493	45,521.3	54,533.7	33.3	19.8
A. E U	15,093.5	19,507.6	22,268.3	29.2	14.2
of which:
1. Belgium	2,285.8	3,066.9	2,892.6	34.2	-5.7
2. France	1,198.4	1,369.6	1,635.7	14.3	19.4
3. Germany	4,150.5	5,185.4	6,272.1	24.9	21.0
4. Italy	1,460.7	2,077.2	2,737.2	42.2	31.8
5. Netherland	624.5	924.5	1,054.0	48.0	14.0
6. U K	2,292.5	3,000.9	3,171.3	30.9	5.7
B. North America	6,666.9	8,859.9	11,671.7	32.9	31.7
1. Canada	731.8	1,021.3	1,212.9	39.6	18.8
2. U S A	5,935.16	7,838.66	10,458.79	32.1	33.4
C. Asia and Oceania	6,792.3	8,811.1	10,809.2	29.7	22.7
of which:
1. Australia	4,099.7	5,060.2	5,941.1	23.4	17.4
2. Japan	2,534.7	3,551.1	4,600.8	40.1	29.6
D. Other O E C D Countries	5,596.5	8,342.7	9,784.6	49.1	17.3
of which:
1. Switzerland	5,274.7	6,855.1	7,946.9	30.0	15.9
II. O P E C	33,757.2	40,665.0	67,343.2	20.5	65.6
of which:
1. Indonesia	2,092.5	2,730.1	3,949.2	30.5	44.7
2. Iran	4,491.5	5,594.6	8,774.4	24.6	56.8
3. Iraq	3,517.8	3,319.8	6,101.0	-5.6	83.8
4. Kuwait	3,472.0	3,676.1	7,123.2	5.9	93.8
5. Saudi Arabia	8,491.6	9,678.6	15,149.8	14.0	56.5
6. U A E	4,997.0	7,310.1	11,377.7	46.3	55.6
III.Eastern Europe	1,893.5	2,169.4	4,352.9	14.6	100.6
of which:
1. Russia	1,059.9	1,330.0	2,782.3	25.5	109.2
IV. Developing Countries	34,025.2	44,368.4	57,333.6	30.4	29.2
of which:
A. Asia	27,151.5	35,803.8	46,064.1	31.9	28.7
a) S A A R C	889.5	1,000.1	1,172.4	12.4	17.2
1. Afghanistan	28.1	46.4	68.7	65.0	48.1
2. Bangladesh	139.4	163.0	217.9	16.9	33.7
3. Bhutan	67.7	117.0	98.4	72.8	-15.9
4. Maldives	1.9	2.3	2.2	19.0	-2.8
5. Nepal	162.1	244.2	312.5	50.6	28.0
6. Pakistan	192.5	149.4	253.6	-22.4	69.8
7. Sri Lanka	297.7	2779	219.1	-6.7	-21.2
b) Other Asian Developing Countries	26,262.0	34,803.7	44,891.7	32.5	29.0
of which:
1. People’s Rep of China	9,471.6	15,343.8	18,971.0	62.0	23.6
2. Hong Kong	1,425.9	1,631.1	1,668.7	14.4	2.3
3. South Korea	2,816.9	3,264.1	5,184.7	15.9	58.8
4. Malaysia	3,186.0	3,439.8	4,658.8	8.0	35.4
5. Singapore	3,208.1	4,192.7	4,728.4	30.7	12.8
6. Thailand	953.6	1,391.0	1,650.7	45.9	18.7
B. Africa	4,154.2	5,491.6	7,922.1	32.2	44.3
of which:
1. Benin	64.5	57.3	98.2	-11.1	71.3
2. Egypt Arab Republic1,	106.9	1,136.6	1,361.4	2.7	19.8
3. Kenya	33.3	50.6	49.2	52.0	-2.7
4. South Africa	1,638.9	2,235.7	3,009.5	36.4	34.6
5. Sudan	48.9	150.4	328.8	207.6	118.7
6. Tanzania	24.6	38.9	43.8	58.4	12.6
7. Zambia	71.4	60.8	59.8	-14.8	-1.6
C. Latin American Countries	2,719.6	3,073.0	3,347.4	13.0	8.9
V. Others	35.7	46.5	34.3	30.3	-26.3
VI. Unspecified	269.2	378.8	611.5	40.7	61.4
Total Imports	104,130.2	133,149.4	184,209.2	27.9	38.3
P : Provisional. Note :The figures for 2006-07, which include country-wise distribution of petroleum imports, are not strictly comparable with the data for previous years. Source : DGCI & S.