India's Foreign Trade: 2009-10 (April-September)*

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Published on December 11, 2009

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India's Foreign Trade: 2009-10 (April-September)*

This article reviews India’s merchandise trade performance during the first half of 2009-10 (April-September 2009) on the basis of data released by the Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCI&S); disaggregated commodity-wise details for 2009-10 (April) are also analysed.

Highlights

India’s merchandise exports during September 2009 at US$ 13.6 billion registered a decline of 13.8 per cent as against a rise of 26.1 per cent registered in September 2008. For the past one year exports have shown a decline, i.e., since October 2008. However, the rate of decline in exports witnessed in September 2009 was lower than the decline witnessed in August 2009 and in fact it was the lowest during 2009-10 so far (April-September 2009), thereby exhibiting signs of continuity in revival of exports.
During April-September 2009, exports at US$ 77.9 billion showed a decline of 28.5 per cent as against a high growth of 48.1 per cent during the corresponding period of 2008.
Imports during September 2009 at US$ 21.4 billion showed a decline of 31.3 per cent as against a substantial growth of 70.9 per cent in September 2008, due to decline in both oil and non-oil imports. This is the tenth successive month that imports have shown decline since December 2008. The decline in imports during September 2009 was lower than that in August 2009 (decline of 32.4 per cent).
During April-September 2009, imports at US$ 124.6 billion recorded a decline of 32.7 per cent as against a high growth of 55.1 per cent a year ago.
Petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) imports during April-September 2009 at US$ 34.8 billion showed a sharp decline of 45.0 per cent as against a large increase of 83.0 per cent during April-September 2008, mainly due to a substantial fall in the international crude oil prices over the year. The average price of Indian basket of crude oil during April-September 2009 stood at US$ 63.6 per barrel (ranged between US$ 50.1 – 72.0 per barrel), which was lower by 45.4 per cent than US$ 116.5 per barrel (ranged between US$ 96.8 – 132.5 per barrel) during April-September 2008.
Non-POL imports during April-September 2009 at US$ 89.8 billion showed a decline of 26.2 per cent as against a growth of 43.8 per cent a year ago, reflecting a slowdown in domestic economic activity.
Trade deficit during April-September 2009 amounted to US$ 46.7 billion, a decline of US$ 29.4 billion (38.6 per cent) over US$ 76.1 billion in April-September 2008, mainly due to larger decline in oil imports.

India’s Merchandise Trade during 2009-10 (April-September)

Exports

India’s merchandise exports during September 2009 at US$ 13.6 billion recorded a decline of 13.8 per cent, as against a growth of 26.1 per cent registered in September 2008 (Statement 1). This is the twelfth successive month that exports have shown a decline since October 2008. The rate of decline in exports, which reached the maximum at 36.4 per cent in April 2009, showed an improvement during May-June 2009, as the rate of decline in exports showed reduction. But subsequently in July 2009, exports showed larger decline than in the previous month (June 2009). However, export performance considerably improved in August and September 2009, as the decline in exports in these two months was much smaller than that in all the previous months in 2009-10, i.e., April-July 2009 (Chart 1). As such, the rate of decline in exports witnessed during September 2009 was the smallest during 2009-10 so far (April-September 2009). The trend, therefore, exhibited consistent signs of revival in exports. The decline in exports was 36.4 per cent in April 2009, 29.2 per cent in May 2009, 27.7 per cent in June 2009, 28.4 per cent in July 2009, 19.4 per cent in August 2009 and 13.8 per cent in September 2009. Cumulatively, exports during the first half of 2009-10 stood at US$ 77.9 billion, posting a decline of 28.5 per cent as against a high growth of 48.1 per cent during the corresponding period of 2008-09 (Table 1 and Statement 2).

The latest commodity-wise exports data released by DGCI&S for April 2009 revealed that manufactured goods maintained the largest share at 68.0 per cent, followed by primary products (14.5 per cent) and petroleum products (12.9 per cent). Moreover, the share of manufactured goods has increased along with a decrease in shares of petroleum products and primary products over April 2008 (Table 2).

During April 2009, exports of all major commodity groups declined (Statement 3).

Table 1: India's Merchandise Trade: April-September
(US $ billion)
Items	2008-09 R		2009-10 P
Items	April-September
1	2		3
Exports		108.9		77.9
		(48.1)		(-28.5)
Oil Exports	18.5		..
	(45.6)
Non-Oil Exports	90.4		..
	(48.6)
Imports		185.0		124.6
		(55.1)		(-32.7)
Oil Imports	63.3		34.8
	(83.0)		(-45.0)
Non-Oil Imports	121.7		89.8
	(43.8)		(-26.2)
Trade Balance		-76.1		-46.7
Oil Trade Balance	-44.8		..
Non-Oil Trade Balance	-31.3		. .
R : Revised. P : Provisional. .. Not available. Note : Figures in parentheses show percentage change over the corresponding period of the previous year. Source : Compiled from Ministry of Commerce and Industry and DGCI&S data.

Table 2: India's Exports of Principal Commodities
(Percentage Shares)
Commodity Group	2007-08	2008-09	2008-09	2009-10
	April-March		April
1	2	3	4	5
I. Primary Products	16.9	13.9	16.4	14.5
Agriculture and Allied Products	11.3	9.6	11.6	10.0
Ores and Minerals	5.6	4.3	4.8	4.5
II. Manufactured Goods	63.2	67.2	63.9	68.0
Leather and Manufactures	2.2	1.9	1.5	1.6
Chemicals and Related Products	13.0	12.4	10.5	12.7
Engineering Goods	22.9	25.9	24.4	27.9
Textiles and Textile Products	11.9	11.0	10.1	11.4
Gems and Jewellery	12.1	15.2	16.7	13.5
III. Petroleum Products	17.4	14.7	15.4	12.9
IV. Others	2.5	4.2	4.3	4.6
Total Exports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data.

Exports of primary products during April 2009 showed a sharp decline of 43.7 per cent as against a high growth of 87.5 per cent a year ago, due to decline in its major components. Within primary products, agricultural and allied products exports at US$ 1.2 billion showed a decline of 44.8 per cent (growth of 116.8 per cent during previous year). This was due to decline in most of its components. Ores and minerals exports declined by 41.0 per cent as against a growth of 41.6 per cent a year ago, mainly due to decline in iron ore and processed minerals.

Exports of manufactured goods during April 2009 at US$ 8.0 billion exhibited a decline of 32.3 per cent in contrast with a high growth of 73.9 per cent a year ago, due to decline in its major components. Within manufactured goods, exports of engineering goods, which is the largest item in India’s exports, at US$ 3.3 billion declined by 27.1 per cent against a high growth of 80.1 per cent a year ago. The decline in engineering goods exports was driven largely by machinery and instruments and manufacture of metals. However, transport equipments showed a growth of 7.8 per cent on the top of 72.0 per cent growth during April 2008.

Chemicals and related products exports during April 2009 at US$ 1.5 billion showed a decline of 23.0 per cent (a growth of 46.3 per cent during April 2008). The decline in the exports of chemicals and related products was due to a fall in exports of its largest component, viz., ‘basic chemicals, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics’ as also in all its major components. Exports of textiles and textile products during April 2009 at US$ 1.3 billion exhibited a decline of 28.7 per cent as against a growth of 47.9 per cent a year ago. This was led by decrease in all its major components such as readymade garments and manmade yarn, fabrics and made-ups. Gems and jewellery exports during April 2009 at US$ 1.6 billion recorded a sharp decline of 48.3 per cent as against a strong growth of 125.0 per cent in April 2008.

Exports of petroleum products at US$ 1.5 billion during April 2009 registered a decline of 46.7 per cent as against a growth of 36.2 per cent a year ago. This occurred in an aftermath of a sharp decline in the world oil prices during April 2009 over April 2008 (Chart 3). However, the volume of these exports increased by 5.8 per cent during the month as against a decline of 8.0 per cent during April 2008.

Destination-wise, during April 2009, among the regions, developing countries and OECD countries were the major markets for India’s exports with these groups accounting for 37.9 per cent and 34.9 per cent shares, respectively (Table 3). Another major contributor was OPEC with 23.1 per cent share. During April 2009 the share of OPEC increased to 23.1 per cent from 22.4 per cent in April 2008. The share of OECD countries increased marginally while the share of developing countries declined. Country-wise, the UAE was the largest destination for India in April 2009, with a share of 10.5 per cent in India’s total exports. The UAE was followed by the US (10.3 per cent), China (7.1 per cent), Indonesia (5.1 per cent), Singapore (4.8 per cent), Hong Kong (3.5 per cent) and Germany (3.3 per cent). Direction of India’s exports during April 2009 indicated that the exports to all major export destinations, such as the EU, OPEC and developing countries declined (Statement 4).

Table 3: India's Exports to Principal Regions
(Percentage Shares)
Region/Country	2007-08	2008-09	2008-09	2009-10
	April-March		April
1	2	3	4	5
I. OECD Countries	39.5	37.4	34.7	34.9
EU	21.2	21.3	20.2	19.2
North America	13.5	12.1	10.4	11.0
USA	12.7	11.4	9.9	10.3
Asia and Oceania	3.2	2.5	2.1	3.2
Other OECD Countries	1.6	1.4	2.0	1.5
II. OPEC	16.6	21.2	22.4	23.1
III. Eastern Europe	1.1	1.1	0.9	1.1
IV. Developing Countries	42.5	37.6	38.3	37.9
Asia	31.6	28.1	28.5	29.7
SAARC	5.9	4.6	5.1	4.6
Other Asian Developing Countries	25.7	23.5	23.4	25.0
Africa	7.5	6.3	6.5	5.2
Latin America	3.4	3.1	3.2	3.0
V. Others / Unspecified	0.4	2.7	3.7	3.0
Total Exports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data.

Imports

Imports during September 2009 at US$ 21.4 billion showed a decline of 31.3 per cent as against a high growth of 70.9 per cent recorded in September 2008. This was due to a decline in both POL and non-POL imports (Statement 1). The fall in imports started since December 2008. The rate of fall in imports progressively deteriorated thereafter, and reached its maximum in May 2009 (39.2 per cent decline). It improved considerably in June 2009 to 29.3 per cent, but again deteriorated in July 2009 to 37.1 per cent. The decline in imports during August 2009 at 32.4 per cent was lower than that in the previous month and the decline in September 2009 was marginally lower at 31.3 per cent (Chart 1). During April-September 2009 imports at US$ 124.6 billion registered a decline of 32.7 per cent (55.1 per cent growth a year ago) [Table 1 and Statement 2].

POL imports at US$ 34.8 billion during April-September 2009 showed a substantial decline of 45.0 per cent, as against a high growth of 83.0 per cent a year ago, primarily due to a sharp reduction in international crude oil prices over the period. The average price of Indian basket of crude oil during April-September 2009 stood at US$ 63.6 per barrel (ranged between US$ 50.1 – 72.0 per barrel), which was lower by 45.4 per cent than US$ 116.5 per barrel (ranged between US$ 96.8 – 132.5 per barrel) during April-September 2008 (Table 4). Non-POL imports at US$ 89.8 billion recorded a decrease of 26.2 per cent during April-September 2009 as against a growth of 43.8 per cent in April-September 2008 due to reduction in domestic demand as a result of moderation in economic growth.

Table 4: Trends in Crude Oil Prices
(US $/barrel)
Period	Dubai	Brent	WTI*	Indian Basket**
1	2	3	4	5
2000-01	25.9	28.1	30.3	26.8
2001-02	21.8	23.2	24.1	22.4
2002-03	25.9	27.6	29.2	26.6
2003-04	26.9	29.0	31.4	27.8
2004-05	36.4	42.2	45.0	39.2
2005-06	53.4	58.0	59.9	55.7
2006-07	60.9	64.4	64.7	62.4
2007-08	77.3	82.4	82.3	79.5
2008-09	82.1	84.7	85.8	82.7
September 2008	96.0	99.1	103.9	96.8
September 2009	67.9	67.7	69.4	67.7
* West Texas Intermediate. The composition of Indian basket of crude represents average of Oman and Dubai for sour grades and Brent (dated) for sweet grade in the ratio of 63.5:36.5 w.e.f. April 1, 2009. Sources :** International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics; World Bank’s Commodity Price Pink Sheet for October 2009; Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India.

The commodity-wise imports data for April 2009 indicated that POL imports at US$ 4.7 billion showed a decline of 47.0 per cent as against a high growth of 62.6 per cent a year ago, mainly due to a sharp reduction in international crude oil prices over the year. However, the volume of POL imports showed a growth of 6.8 per cent which was higher than the growth of 4.2 per cent a year ago (Statement 5).

Non-POL imports during April 2009 at US$ 14.0 billion witnessed a decline of 34.5 per cent from a high growth of 66.1 per cent during April 2008. A slowdown in non-POL imports was mainly due to a sharp decline in imports of capital goods (decline of 29.9 per cent as compared with a growth of 59.8 per cent in April 2008), gold and silver (fall of 68.9 per cent in comparison with a growth of 53.0 per cent during April 2008), pearls, precious and semi-precious stones, chemicals and coal, coke and briquettes. However, imports of edible oil showed a substantial growth. During April 2009 the shares of capital goods, chemicals, coal, coke and briquettes and fertilisers in total imports went up, while those of petroleum, crude and products, gold and silver, pearls, precious and semi-precious stones and metalliferrous ores and metal scrap came down (Table 5).

Source-wise, during April 2009, developing countries had the highest share in India’s imports (36.1 per cent), followed by OECD (33.3 per cent) and OPEC (28.0 per cent) [Table 6]. The shares of developing countries and OECD countries have increased, while that of OPEC declined during the month. Country-wise, China continued to be the single largest source of imports with the share of 12.3 per cent in total imports, followed by the UAE (5.9 per cent), the US (5.5 per cent), Switzerland (5.1 per cent), Saudi Arabia (4.6 per cent), Singapore (4.2 per cent) and Germany (3.8 per cent). Direction of India’s imports during April 2009 indicated that imports from most of the main regions declined (Statement 6).

Trade Deficit

The trade deficit during April-September 2009 stood at US$ 46.7 billion, which was lower by US$ 29.4 billion (38.6 per cent) than US$ 76.1 billion a year ago, due to relatively larger decline in imports than exports during the period (Statement 2 and Chart 1). Trade deficit on oil account during April 2009 stood at US$ 3.2 billion, which was lower by US$ 2.9 billion than US$ 6.1 billion a year ago. Trade deficit on non-oil account during this month stood at US$ 3.8 billion, which was lower by US$ 2.0 billion than US$ 5.8 billion in April 2008.

Table 5: Imports of Principal Commodities
(Percentage Shares)
Commodity/Group	2007-08	2008-09		2008-09	2009-10
Commodity/Group	April-March			April
1	2		3	4	5
1. Petroleum, Crude and Products	31.7		31.3	29.5	25.3
2. Capital Goods	27.9		24.2	22.3	25.3
3. Gold and Silver	7.1		6.4	11.5	5.8
4. Organic and Inorganic Chemicals	3.9		4.2	3.4	4.5
5. Coal, Coke and Briquettes, etc.	2.6		3.4	2.9	4.2
6. Fertilisers	2.2		4.7	1.8	2.2
7. Metalliferrous Ores, Metal Scrap, etc.	3.1		2.7	3.3	2.2
8. Iron and Steel	3.5		3.2	2.5	2.7
9. Pearls, Precious and Semi- Precious Stones	3.2		5.0	7.9	4.7
10. Others	14.8		14.9	14.9	23.1
Total Imports	100.0		100.0	100.0	100.0
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data.

Table 6: Shares of Groups/Countries in India's Imports
(Percentage Shares)
Region/Country	2007-08	2008-09	2008-09	2009-10
Region/Country	April-March		April
1	2	3	4	5
I. OECD Countries	35.4	31.8	31.7	33.3
EU	15.3	14.3	12.4	13.5
France	2.5	1.6	0.9	1.3
Germany	3.9	4.0	3.3	3.8
UK	2.0	2.0	1.3	1.7
North America	9.1	7.1	4.8	6.6
USA	8.4	6.2	4.3	5.5
Asia and Oceania	5.8	5.6	6.6	6.7
Other OECD Countries	5.2	4.8	8.0	6.6
II. OPEC	30.7	32.6	35.4	28.0
III. Eastern Europe	1.5	2.3	1.2	2.0
IV. Developing Countries	31.5	32.9	31.2	36.1
Asia	25.5	26.6	25.2	29.5
SAARC	0.8	0.6	0.5	0.6
Other Asian Developing Countries	24.7	26.0	24.7	29.0
of which :
People’s Rep of China	10.8	10.8	10.5	12.3
Africa	3.7	4.3	3.7	5.5
Latin America	2.3	2.0	2.3	1.1
V. Others / Unspecified	0.8	0.4	0.5	0.6
Total Imports	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0
Source: Compiled from DGCI&S data.

Global Trade

World merchandise exports, which started declining since November 2008 as an outcome of global economic crisis, subsequently witnessed much larger rates of decline. In June 2009 the rate of decline turned lower at 26.8 per cent. However, according to the latest monthly data from International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) International Financial Statistics (IFS), in July 2009 the decline in world exports was larger at 27.7 per cent. The trend showed that world exports and exports of advanced economies and emerging and developing economies moved in tandem with each other in 2008 and their rates of decline have exhibited convergence during 2009 so far (Chart 2). Cumulatively, world merchandise exports during January-July 2009, in dollar terms, showed a decline of 29.3 per cent as against a growth of 26.7 per cent a year ago (Table 7). During the same period, exports of advanced economies declined by 30.6 per cent in contrast with a growth of 22.2 per cent a year back, while as per latest available data, during January-June 2009 the exports of emerging and developing economies declined by 27.6 per cent.

Table 7: Growth in Exports - Global Scenario
(Per cent)
Region/Country	2007	2008	2008	2009
Region/Country	January-December		January-July
1	2	3	4	5
World	14.1	16.2	26.7	-29.3
Advanced Economies	13.5	11.0	22.2	-30.6
USA	12.0	11.9	19.2	-24.0
France	12.8	10.0	23.1	-31.3
Germany	18.0	10.6	23.5	-32.6
Japan	7.8	12.3	23.3	-36.5
Emerging and Developing Economies	15.1	25.6	35.2	-27.6#
Singapore	10.1	13.0	24.6	-31.0
China	25.6	17.3	22.7	-21.7#
India	23.3	20.0	38.2*	-24.4*
Indonesia	14.7	24.4	28.1	-27.5
Korea	14.1	13.6	22.6	-22.5
Malaysia	9.6	19.1	25.5	-30.9
Thailand	17.0	12.9	27.6	-23.7
# : January-June 2009 over January-June 2008. * : January-September over corresponding period of previous year. Sources: 1. IMF (www.imfstatistics.org). 2. DGCI&S for India.

World Commodity Prices

The world commodity prices which started declining since October 2008 saw substantially higher rates of decline during subsequent months. However, the rate of decline in prices moderated in August 2009 and the decline was further lower in September 2009 (Chart 3). In fact, the decline in prices witnessed in September 2009 was the lowest in 2009 so far (January-September 2009). According to IMF’s IFS, world commodity prices declined by 28.6 per cent in September 2009. The prices of metals, energy and food showed a decline of 17.9 per cent, 35.0 per cent and 14.9 per cent, respectively, in September 2009.

Statement 1 : India's Foreign Trade - September 2009
Year	Exports			Imports			Trade Balance
	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
	Rupees crore
2007-08	50,511	8,475	42,036	73,489	23,363	50,126	-22,978	-14,888	-8,090
	(1.8)	(16.0)	(-0.6)	(-8.2)	(-1.9)	(-10.8)
2008-09 R	71,941	11,434	60,507	141,865	43,481	98,384	-69,924	-32,047	-37,877
	(42.4)	(34.9)	(43.9)	(93.0)	(86.1)	(96.3)
	65,916			103,546	30,725	72,821	-37,630
2009-10 P	(-8.4)	..	..	(-27.0)	(-29.3)	(-26.0)
	US dollar million
2007-08	12,521	2,101	10,420	18,217	5,792	12,426	-5,696	-3,691	-2,005
	(16.4)	(32.6)	(13.6)	(5.0)	(12.2)	(1.9)
2008-09 R	15,789	2,509	13,280	31,136	9,543	21,593	-15,346	-7,034	-8,313
	(26.1)	(19.4)	(27.4)	(70.9)	(64.8)	(73.8)	(169.4)
2009-10 P	13,608	..	..	21,377	6,343	15,034	-7,769
	(-13.8)			(-31.3)	(-33.5)	(-30.4)	(-49.4)
P : Provisional. R : Revised. .. Not available. Note : Figures in brackets relate to percentage variation over the corresponding previous period. Source : DGCI&S.

Statement 2 : India’s Foreign Trade
Year	Exports			Imports			Trade Balance
	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil	Total	Oil	Non-Oil
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
	April-March
	Rupees crore
2006-07	571,779	84,520	487,259	840,506	258,572	581,935	-268,727	-174,052	-94,675
	(25.3)	(64.0)	(20.3)	(27.3)	(32.8)	(24.9)
2007-08 R	655,864	114,192	541,672	1,012,312	320,655	691,657	-356,448	-206,463	-149,985
	(14.7)	(35.1)	(11.2)	(20.4)	(24.0)	(18.9)
2008-09 P	839,978	123,398	716,580	1,340,588	419,878	920,709	-500,610	-296,480	-204,129
	(28.1)	(8.1)	(32.3)	(32.4)	(30.9)	(33.1)
	US dollar million
2006-07	126,414	18,635	107,780	185,735	56,945	128,790	-59,321	-38,311	-21,010
	(22.6)	(60.1)	(17.9)	(24.5)	(29.5)	(22.4)	(28.7)
2007-08 R	162,904	28,363	134,541	251,439	79,645	171,795	-88,535	-51,281	-37,254
	(28.9)	(52.2)	(24.8)	(35.4)	(39.9)	(33.4)	(49.2)
2008-09 P	182,631	26,830	155,801	291,475	91,291	200,183	-108,844	-64,462	-44,383
	(12.1)	(-5.4)	(15.8)	(15.9)	(14.6)	(16.5)	(22.9)
	April-September
	Rupees crore
2007-08	300,560	51,918	248,642	487,306	141,638	345,667	-186,746	-89,721	-97,025
	(6.7)	(13.6)	(5.4)	(17.7)	(4.3)	(24.3)
2008-09 R	464,450	79,142	385,308	790,644	270,295	520,349	-326,194	-191,154	-135,040
	(54.5)	(52.4)	(55.0)	(62.2)	(90.8)	(50.5)
2009-10 P	378,196			605,075	168,950	436,125	-226,879
	(-18.6)			(-23.5)	(-37.5)	(-16.2)
	US dollar million
2007-08	73,559	12,700	60,859	119,248	34,590	84,658	-45,689	-21,890	-23,799
	(20.0)	(27.9)	(18.5)	(32.4)	(19.3)	(38.6)
2008-09 R	108,907	18,490	90,417	185,002	63,285	121,717	-76,095	-44,795	-31,300
	(48.1)	(45.6)	(48.6)	(55.1)	(83.0)	(43.8)	(66.5)
2009-10 P	77,855	1516*	10234*	124,584	34,808	89,776	-46,729
	(-28.5)	(-46.7)	(-34.5)	(-32.7)	(-45.0)	(-26.2)	-(38.6)
P : Provisional. R : Revised. .. : Not available. * : Data Pertain to the month of April. Note : Figures in brackets relate to percentage variation over the corresponding period of the previous year. Source : DGCI&S.

Statement 3 : India’s Exports of Principal Commodities
(US$ million)
Commodity/Group				April			Percentage Variation
Commodity/Group				2007-08	2008-09 R	2009-10 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1				2	3	4	5	6
I.	Primary Products			1615.6	3029.1	1704.8	87.5	-43.7
				(14.3)	(16.4)	(14.5)
	A.	Agricultural & Allied Products		985.3	2136.3	1178.4	116.8	-44.8
		of which :		(8.7)	(11.6)	(10.0)
		1.	Tea	20.5	30.7	26.5	50.0	-13.8
		2.	Coffee	41.1	53.2	37.4	29.3	-29.7
		3.	Rice	193.4	292.8	254.0	51.4	-13.2
		4.	Wheat	0.0	0.0	0.0	-	-
		5.	Cotton Raw incl. Waste	52.3	199.5	49.6	281.3	-75.2
		6.	Tobacco	37.7	53.9	67.6	43.1	25.4
		7.	Cashew incl. CNSL	38.6	57.8	41.0	49.8	-29.1
		8.	Spices	71.6	136.3	89.0	90.4	-34.7
		9.	Oil Meal	86.6	304.3	97.0	251.2	-68.1
		10	Marine Products	86.6	111.2	85.3	28.3	-23.2
		11	Sugar & Molasses	103.7	207.6	4.5	100.2	-97.8
	B.	Ores & Minerals		630.4	892.8	526.4	41.6	-41.0
		of which :		(5.6)	(4.8)	(4.5)
		1.	Iron Ore	398.3	617.5	374.0	55.0	-39.4
		2.	Processed Minerals	114.5	129.9	78.6	13.4	-39.5
II.	Manufactured Goods			6782.7	11798.0	7990.2	73.9	-32.3
	of which :			(59.9)	(63.9)	(68.0)
	A.	Leather & Manufactures		219.8	282.4	192.4	28.5	-31.9
	B.	Chemicals & Related Products		1320.6	1931.5	1487.7	46.3	-23.0
		1.	Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals & Cosmetics	894.0	1280.7	1082.1	43.2	-15.5
		2.	Plastic & Linoleum	201.6	299.9	177.3	48.7	-40.9
		3.	Rubber, Glass, Paints & Enamels, etc.,	177.0	257.3	172.6	45.4	-32.9
		4.	Residual Chemicals & Allied Products	48.0	93.6	55.8	95.1	-40.4
	C.	Engineering Goods		2496.4	4497.2	3276.6	80.1	-27.1
		of which :
		1.	Manufactures of Metals	350.0	628.9	503.4	79.7	-20.0
		2.	Machinery & Instruments	570.9	992.3	688.0	73.8	-30.7
		3.	Transport Equipments	650.7	1119.3	1206.2	72.0	7.8
		4.	Iron & Steel	392.2	631.7	197.3	61.1	-68.8
		5.	Electronic Goods	222.8	504.2	448.7	126.3	-11.0
	D.	Textiles and Textile Products		1265.6	1872.4	1335.1	47.9	-28.7
		1.	Cotton Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc.	294.8	414.4	191.7	40.6	-53.7
		2.	Natural Silk Yarn, Fabrics Madeups, etc.(incl.silk waste)	33.3	29.0	21.7	-12.8	-25.1
		3.	Manmade Yarn, Fabrics, Made-ups, etc.	152.8	298.2	238.1	95.1	-20.1
		4.	Manmade Staple Fibre	10.9	27.8	16.0	155.5	-42.4
		5.	Woolen Yarn, Fabrics, Madeups, etc.	7.1	7.8	6.9	10.0	-12.3
		6.	Readymade Garments	692.6	967.1	784.5	39.6	-18.9
		7.	Jute & Jute Manufactures	15.9	29.3	20.2	84.1	-31.1
		8.	Coir & Coir Manufactures	10.4	12.6	10.4	21.5	-18.0
		9.	Carpets	47.9	86.1	45.7	79.9	-47.0
			(a) Carpet Handmade	46.9	85.7	45.1	82.5	-47.3
			(b) Carpet Millmade	0.0	0.0	0.0	—	—
			(c) Silk Carpets	0.9	0.5	0.5	-50.4	20.3
	E.	Gems & Jewellery		1366.6	3074.3	1590.3	125.0	-48.3
	F.	Handicrafts		30.0	24.4	12.6	-18.6	-48.6
III.	Petroleum Products			2086.9	2842.4	1516.0	36.2	-46.7
				(18.4)	(15.4)	(12.9)	-16.4	-16.2
IV.	Others			841.6	790.8	538.9	-6.0	-31.9
				(7.4)	(4.3)	(4.6)
Total Exports				11326.8	18460.4	11749.9	63.0	-36.4
P : Provisional. R : Revised. Note : Figures in brackets relate to percentage to total exports for the period. Source : DGCI&S.

Statement 4: Direction of India’s Foreign Trade- Exports
(US$ million)
Group/Country					April			Percentage Variation
					2007-08	2008-09 R	2009-10 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1					2	3	4	5	6
I.	O E C D Countries				4236.0	6413.7	4099.4	51.4	-36.1
	A.	E U			2187.8	3738.2	2257.2	70.9	-39.6
		of which:
		1.	Belgium		312.0	411.8	224.3	32.0	-45.5
		2.	France		193.5	303.1	219.4	56.6	-27.6
		3.	Germany		313.0	592.3	388.7	89.2	-34.4
		4.	Italy		266.2	384.8	212.6	44.6	-44.7
		5.	Netherlands		234.9	560.0	421.0	138.4	-24.8
		6.	U K		445.1	620.6	365.8	39.4	-41.1
	B.	North America			1469.9	1925.6	1298.2	31.0	-32.6
		1.	Canada		78.7	105.4	84.9	33.9	-19.4
		2.	U S A		1391.2	1820.2	1213.4	30.8	-33.3
	C.	Asia and Oceania			381.7	382.7	370.1	0.2	-3.3
		of which:
		1.	Australia		59.2	90.8	82.7	53.4	-9.0
		2.	Japan		314.5	278.2	278.7	-11.6	0.2
	D.	Other O E C D Countries			196.6	367.3	173.9	86.8	-52.7
		of which:
		1.	Switzerland		62.8	59.0	30.6	-6.0	-48.2
II.	O P E C				1760.8	4140.2	2714.9	135.1	-34.4
	of which:
	1.	Indonesia			129.0	227.6	599.4	76.5	163.3
	2.	Iran			132.6	126.1	190.3	-4.9	50.9
	3.	Iraq			9.2	46.3	13.2	404.2	-71.6
	4.	Kuwait			57.9	90.4	70.2	56.3	-22.3
	5.	Saudi Arabia			154.5	443.6	332.0	187.1	-25.2
	6.	U A E			1080.7	2946.4	1235.1	172.6	-58.1
III.	Eastern Europe				109.2	173.7	128.2	59.1	-26.2
	of which:
	1	Russia			61.7	96.2	69.4	56.0	-27.8
IV.	Developing Countries				4813.5	7061.4	4449.8	46.7	-37.0
	of which:
	A.	Asia			3485.3	5268.3	3485.2	51.2	-33.8
		a)	S A A R C		666.2	944.5	546.1	41.8	-42.2
			1.	Afghanistan	13.1	37.9	36.0	189.8	-5.2
			2.	Bangladesh	182.5	259.9	140.7	42.4	-45.9
			3.	Bhutan	6.0	9.0	6.4	50.4	-29.4
			4.	Maldives	53	9.8	6.2	83.8	-36.8
			5.	Nepal	103.5	176.7	120.3	70.7	-31.9
			6.	Pakistan	96.8	142.4	145.7	47.1	2.3
			7.	Sri Lanka	259.0	308.7	90.9	19.2	-70.6
		b)	Other Asian Developing Countries		2819.1	4323.8	2939.1	53.4	-32.0
			of which:
			1.	People’s Rep of China	660.3	1142.1	830.0	73.0	-27.3
			2.	Hong Kong	417.6	562.7	408.0	34.8	-27.5
			3.	South Korea	223.2	314.9	136.4	41.1	-56.7
			4.	Malaysia	98.9	267.8	379.9	170.9	41.9
			5.	Singapore	658.5	998.8	561.8	51.7	-43.8
			6.	Thailand	80.0	208.5	85.3	160.5	-59.1
	B.	Africa			1082.6	1195.7	615.8	10.4	-48.5
		of which:
		1.	Benin		26.0	16.8	11.0	-35.2	-34.6
		2.	Egypt Arab Republic		69.3	240.1	100.3	246.6	-58.2
		3.	Kenya		120.3	118.9	95.1	-1.1	-20.0
		4.	South Africa		94.6	142.1	68.8	50.1	-51.6
		5.	Sudan		29.1	59.2	38.9	103.0	-34.2
		6.	Tanzania		25.1	109.7	72.3	337.5	-34.1
		7.	Zambia		9.4	10.1	8.0	7.7	-20.4
	C.	Latin American Countries			245.6	597.4	348.8	143.3	-41.6
V.	Others				382.4	54.6	41.3	-85.7	-24.3
VI.	Unspecified				24.9	616.8	316.2	2380.8	-48.7
Total Exports					11326.8	18460.4	11749.9	63.0	-36.4
P : Provisional. R : Revised . Source: DGCI & S.

Statement 5 : India's Imports of Principal Commodities
(US$ million)
Commodity/Group				April			Percentage	Variation
Commodity/Group				2007-08	2008-09 R	2009-10 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1				2	3	4	5	6
I.	Bulk Imports			7643.5	13148.2	6974.1	72.0	-47.0
				(41.6)	(43.4)	(37.2)
	A.	Petroleum, Petroleum Products & Related Material		5493.5	8930.5	4736.8	62.6	-47.0
	A.	Petroleum, Petroleum Products & Related Material		(29.9)	(29.5)	(25.3)
	B.	Bulk Consumption Goods		226.6	263.6	501.0	16.3	90.0
		1.	Wheat	0.6	0.0	0.0	-	-
		2.	Cereals & Cereal Preparations	1.7	2.8	2.8	65.1	-2.3
		3.	Edible Oil	147.4	173.5	361.3	17.7	108.2
		4.	Pulses	76.8	87.1	128.9	13.5	47.9
		5.	Sugar	0.0	0.1	8.0	-	-
	C.	Other Bulk Items		1923.4	3954.1	1736.3	105.6	-56.1
		1.	Fertilisers	148.9	553.1	417.7	271.3	-24.5
			a) Crude	33.8	78.0	58.7	130.6	-24.7
			b) Sulphur & Unroasted Iron Pyrites	10.5	52.4	3.0	398.5	-94.3
			c) Manufactured	104.6	422.7	356.0	304.1	-15.8
		2.	Non-Ferrous Metals	202.7	1345.4	199.9	563.8	-85.1
		3.	Paper, Paperboard & Mgfd. incl. Newsprint	94.4	147.5	105.7	56.3	-28.4
		4.	Crude Rubber, incl. Synthetic & Reclaimed	52.9	81.6	49.2	54.1	-39.7
		5.	Pulp & Waste Paper	59.4	70.8	61.3	193	-13.4
		6.	Metalliferrous Ores & Metal Scrap	670.0	1011.5	403.9	51.0	-60.1
		7.	Iron & Steel	695.0	744.2	498.6	7.1	-33.0
II.	Non-Bulk Imports			10727.1	17168.6	11773.8	60.0	-31.4
				(58.4)	(56.6)	(62.8)
	A.	Capital Goods		4233.3	6763.7	4739.7	59.8	-29.9
		1.	Manufactures of Metals	137.3	304.5	161.0	121.7	-47.1
		2.	Machine Tools	145.6	266.0	110.4	82.7	-58.5
		3.	Machinery except Electrical & Electronics	1272.6	2478.9	1676.7	94.8	-32.4
		4.	Electrical Machinery except Electronics	180.7	371.5	222.6	105.6	-40.1
		5.	Electronic Goods incl. Computer Software	1593.0	2215.2	1622.1	39.1	-26.8
		6.	Transport Equipments	732.5	902.0	665.2	23.1	-26.3
		7.	Project Goods	171.6	225.7	281.7	31.5	24.8
	B.	Mainly Export Related Items		1629.9	3690.1	1933.6	126.4	-47.6
		1.	Pearls, Precious & Semi-Precious Stones	781.2	2396.0	882.7	206.7	-63.2
		2.	Chemicals, Organic & Inorganic	677.9	1022.4	844.7	50.8	-17.4
		3.	Textile Yarn, Fabric, etc.	164.9	250.2	176.6	51.7	-29.4
		4.	Cashew Nuts, raw	5.9	21.4	29.7	262.9	38.6
	C.	Others		4863.8	6714.8	5100.4	38.1	-24.0
		of which :
		1.	Gold & Silver	2274.9	3480.4	1082.6	53.0	-68.9
		2.	Artificial Resins & Plastic Materials	232.7	340.7	375.3	46.4	10.2
		3.	Professional Instruments etc. except electrical	222.4	418.5	309.3	88.2	-26.1
		4.	Coal, Coke & Briquittes etc.	510.7	864.3	779.2	693	-9.9
		5.	Medicinal & Pharmaceutical Products	126.3	158.1	144.6	25.2	-8.5
		6.	Chemical Materials & Products	101.3	170.4	154.3	68.2	-9.4
		7.	Non-Metallic Mineral Manufactures	54.4	114.2	77.7	110.1	-32.0
	Total Imports			18370.6	30316.9	18747.9	65.0	-38.2
	Memo Items:
	Non-Oil Imports			12877.1	21386.3	14011.1	66.1	-34.5
	Non-Oil Imports excl. Gold & Silver			10602.2	17905.9	12928.5	68.9	-27.8
	Mainly Industrial Inputs*			10048.6	16801.1	11762.2	67.2	-30.0
P : Provisional. R : Revised. * : Non oil imports net of gold and silver, bulk consumption goods, manufactured fertilisers and professional instruments. Note : Figures in brackets relate to percentage to total imports for the period. Source : DGCI & S.

Statement 6: Direction of India’s Foreign Trade-Imports
(US$ million)
Group / Country					April			Percentage Variation
					2007-08	2008-09 R	2009-10 P	(3)/(2)	(4)/(3)
1					2	3	4	5	6
I.	O E C D Countries				6157.7	9622.5	6244.4	56.3	-35.1
	A.	E U			2540.2	3755.1	2524.4	47.8	-32.8
		of which:
		1.	Belgium		404.2	490.1	405.2	21.3	-17.3
		2.	France		152.7	272.4	247.8	78.4	-9.0
		3.	Germany		699.2	1002.0	708.6	43.3	-29.3
		4.	Italy		235.1	686.9	238.9	192.2	-65.2
		5.	Netherlands		145.3	199.0	92.4	36.9	-53.6
		6.	U K		366.5	395.8	326.5	8.0	-17.5
	B.	North America			905.9	1446.4	1228.3	59.7	-15.1
		1.	Canada		87.6	128.9	189.5	47.1	47.0
		2.	U S A		818.2	1317.5	1038.8	61.0	-21.2
	C.	Asia and Oceania			1225.4	1987.9	1254.2	62.2	-36.9
		of which:
		1.	Australia		655.0	1102.7	662.7	68.4	-39.9
		2.	Japan		538.9	849.3	561.0	57.6	-33.9
	D.	Other O E C D Countries			1486.2	2433.1	1237.5	63.7	-49.1
		of which:
		1.	Switzerland		1334.3	1973.9	960.4	47.9	-51.3
II.	O P E C				5425.5	10738.1	5255.0	97.9	-51.1
	of which:
	1.	Indonesia			450.4	494.9	684.9	9.9	38.4
	2.	Iran			762.7	1015.6	688.2	33.2	-32.2
	3.	Iraq			381.4	875.9	563.1	129.6	-35.7
	4.	Kuwait			501.3	704.2	400.8	40.5	-43.1
	5.	Saudi Arabia			941.8	1568.3	868.4	66.5	-44.6
	6.	U A E			1099.1	4323.7	1115.2	293.4	-74.2
III.	Eastern Europe				204.9	377.0	378.8	84.0	0.5
	of which:
	1.	Russia			138.6	266.9	202.2	92.5	-24.2
IV.	Developing Countries				5936.3	9461.2	6776.2	59.4	-28.4
	of which:
	A.	Asia			4659.7	7640.1	5538.9	64.0	-27.5
		a)	S A A R C		100.7	158.9	103.9	57.8	-34.6
			1.	Afghanistan	3.8	5.4	12.9	40.4	141.2
			2.	Bangladesh	14.8	27.1	20.8	82.5	-23.0
			3.	Bhutan	12.5	15.4	6.7	22.9	-56.3
			4.	Maldives	0.6	0.5	0.1	-18.3	-68.1
			5.	Nepal	25.2	46.8	28.4	85.6	-39.4
			6.	Pakistan	19.6	24.2	14.2	23.7	-41.3
			7.	Sri Lanka	24.1	39.6	20.6	64.1	-47.8
		b)	O	her Asian Developing Countries	4559.1	7481.3	5435.0	64.1	-27.4
			of which:
			1.	People’s Rep of China	1766.9	3186.1	2305.9	80.3	-27.6
			2.	Hong Kong	332.0	487.2	387.4	46.7	-20.5
			3.	South Korea	414.7	649.9	571.4	56.7	-12.1
			4.	Malaysia	382.5	660.5	354.5	72.7	-46.3
			5.	Singapore	706.9	1109.4	778.6	57.0	-29.8
			6.	Thailand	169.5	215.7	212.2	27.3	-1.6
	B.	Africa			881.2	1121.8	1036.1	27.3	-7.6
		of which:
		1.	Benin		3.7	12.5	20.0	238.4	60.2
		2.	Egypt Arab Republic		126.9	110.5	212.6	-12.9	92.4
		3.	Kenya		5.3	8.2	17.1	55.7	108.4
		4.	South Africa		289.5	583.0	555.2	101.4	-4.8
		5.	Sudan		42.1	63.4	53.6	50.6	-15.4
		6.	Tanzania		4.9	4.0	7.8	-18.7	95.6
		7.	Zambia		36.1	1.5	1.8	-95.7	20.0
	C.	Latin American Countries			395.4	699.3	201.2	76.9	-71.2
V.	Others				604.2	5.0	31.0	-99.2	525.2
VI.	Unspecified				42.0	113.1	62.3	169.1	-44.9
Total Imports					18370.6	30316.9	18747.9	65.0	-38.2
P : Provisional. R : Revised. Source : DGCI & S.

* Prepared in the Division of International Trade, Department of Economic Analysis and Policy. The previous issue of the article was published in RBI Bulletin, November 2009.