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External Investments and Operations Overview Banner

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: 

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : June 20, 2025

Item As on June 20, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 6043697 697935 25723 -1015 331556 29609 582720 44225
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 5100971 589069 26005 -357 250137 21511 304785 14935
1.2 Gold 742482 85743 -698 -573 74320 7567 266687 28787
1.3 SDRs 161685 18672 192 -85 6396 503 10904 622
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 38559 4452 224 -1 703 29 344 -120
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); and (c) amounts lent under the SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements.

Date : June 20, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26 2024 2025
Mar. 31 Jun.20 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4829243 4937712 -11851 -0.2 82045 1.8 108470 2.2 375054 8.6 224221 4.8
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3724448 3829879 -17482 -0.5 68759 2 105431 2.8 208073 6.2 249659 7
1.2 Bankers' deposits with RBI 991488 999821 6463 0.7 16331 1.6 8333 0.8 144398 16.1 -41959 -4
1.3 'Other' deposits with RBI 113307 108012 -832 -0.8 -3045 -3.2 -5294 -4.7 22583 32.8 16521 18.1
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1508105 1524619 -77944   -329540   16513   -294161   660946  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1475460 1507572 -79071   -326979   32112   -285861   647896  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector -119015 -292111 68215   209179   -173095   202267   -455142  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -157261 -301224 69365 0.4 212310 1.3 -143963 5.9 196225 13 -452981 10.7
2.3 Net foreign exchange assets of RBI 5550947 5877121 25396   70050 1.3 326174 1.8 610428 10.3 565988 10.1
2.4 Government's currency liabilities to the public 36632 37291     426   659   3166   3433  
2.5 Net non-monetary liabilities of RBI 2147427 2209208 27518 1.3 -131930 -7.4 61782 2.9 146645 9.7 551004 33.2
*: With respect to March 28, 2025.

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