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External Investments and Operations - আরবিআই - Reserve Bank of India

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: 

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : July 25, 2025

Item As on July 18, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 5992373 695489 14224 -1183 280232 27163 379852 24632
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 5062860 587609 10294 -1201 212026 20052 143128 -439
1.2 Gold 728042 84499 4251 150 59880 6322 226133 24506
1.3 SDRs 160975 18683 -368 -119 5685 514 8652 476
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 40496 4698 48 -13 2641 275 1940 88
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); and (c) amounts lent under the SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements.

Date : July 25, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26 2024 2025
Mar. 31 Jul.18 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4829243 4964256 37891 0.8 83179 1.8 135013 2.8 371653 8.6 249631 5.3
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3724448 3811252 -14033 -0.4 43071 1.2 86804 2.3 215317 6.4 256720 7.2
1.2 Bankers' deposits with RBI 991488 1045162 54215 5.5 44116 4.3 53673 5.4 137019 14.7 -24403 -2.3
1.3 'Other' deposits with RBI 113307 107843 -2290 -2.1 -4008 -4.2 -5464 -4.8 19316 27.1 17315 19.1
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1508105 1603965 17638   -130268   95859   -86747   541020  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1475460 1577713 11774   -143473   102253   -93624   534530  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector -119015 -307431 22105   -51668   -188416   -2270   -209616  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -157261 -315666 21835   -48382   -158405   -8721   -206731  
2.3 Net foreign exchange assets of RBI 5550947 5823240 14533 0.3 218471 4.2 272292 4.9 651167 13.5 363686 6.7
2.4 Government's currency liabilities to the public 36632 37652     634 1.9 1020 2.8 3141 10.2 3586 10.5
2.5 Net non-monetary liabilities of RBI 2147427 2193169 16385 0.8 -46010 -2.6 45742 2.1 193639 12.5 449045 25.7
*: With respect to March 28, 2025.

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