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External Investments and Operations Overview Banner

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: update scenario

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : May 23, 2025

Item As on May 16, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 5865523 685729 -31650 -4888 153383 17403 459080 37029
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 4975264 581652 11019 279 124430 14094 233040 12643
1.2 Gold 694701 81217 -42520 -5121 26538 3040 218024 24021
1.3 SDRs 158155 18490 -90 -43 2866 321 6736 321
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 37404 4371 -59 -3 -451 -52 1279 44
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); and (c) amounts lent under the SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements.

Date : May 23, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26* 2024 2025
Mar. 28 May 16 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4836336 4936765 3111 0.1 53647 1.2 100429 2.1 225165 5.0 251672 5.4
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3720468 3842530 1459 0.0 72677 2.1 122062 3.3 105659 3.0 258393 7.2
1.2 Bankers' Deposits with RBI 1003762 988687 2160 0.2 -11888 -1.2 -15075 -1.5 100105 11.0 -24873 -2.5
1.3 ‘Other’ Deposits with RBI 112106 105547 -508 -0.5 -7141 -7.6 -6559 -5.9 19401 28.5 18152 20.8
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1388403 1746157 89088   -83330   357753   -174185   636274  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1362162 1709796 104027   -94354   347633   -179615   617494  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks & Commercial Sector 11418 -247746 -79067   160779   -259163   154523   -362378  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -27049 -266825 -78818   163811   -239776   149012   -370083  
2.3 Net Foreign Exchange Assets of RBI 5526072 5701583 -31727 -0.6 16879 0.3 175511 3.2 519144 11.0 443621 8.4
2.4 Government’s Currency Liabilities to the Public 36632 36922     200 0.6 290 0.8 3151 10.3 3290 9.8
2.5 Net Non-Monetary Liabilities of RBI 2126189 2300152 -24817 -1.1 40882 2.3 173963 8.2 277467 17.9 469136 25.6
*: With respect to March 28, 2025.

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Page Last Updated on: January 18, 2023

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