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External Investments and Operations Overview Banner

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories:

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : August 01, 2025

Item As on July 25, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 6040880 698192 48508 2703 328740 29866 453079 30807
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 5095487 588926 32627 1316 244653 21368 181760 2049
1.2 Gold 741528 85704 13485 1206 73365 7528 258466 28009
1.3 SDRs 162741 18809 1766 126 7452 640 10343 607
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 41125 4753 629 55 3270 330 2511 141
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); (c) amounts lent under SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements; and (d) RBI’s contribution to funding of Nexus Global Payments.

Date : August 01, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26 2024 2025
Mar. 31 Jul. 25 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4829243 4887934 -76322 -1.5 36018 0.8 58691 1.2 312139 7.2 220470 4.7
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3724448 3801393 -9858 -0.3 25719 0.7 76946 2.1 212618 6.4 264213 7.5
1.2 Bankers' deposits with RBI 991488 978898 -66264 -6.3 13610 1.3 -12590 -1.3 79420 8.3 -60161 -5.8
1.3 'Other' deposits with RBI 113307 107642 -200 -0.2 -3312 -3.5 -5664 -5.0 20101 28.3 16418 18.0
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1508105 1502150 -101815   -132303   -5955   -136175   441240  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1475460 1478167 -99546   -146942   2707   -143506   438454  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector -119015 -285680 21752   -97012   -166664   -14439   -142521  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -157261 -298063 17603   -93541   -140802   -20230   -143969  
2.3 Net foreign exchange assets of RBI 5550947 5869680 46440 0.8 192964 3.7 318732 5.7 634084 13.2 435633 8.0
2.4 Government's currency liabilities to the public 36632 37652     874 2.6 1020 2.8 3158 10.1 3346 9.8
2.5 Net non-monetary liabilities of RBI 2147427 2235868 42699 1.9 -71494 -4.0 88441 4.1 174488 11.3 517228 30.1

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Page Last Updated on: January 18, 2023

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