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External Investments and Operations Overview Banner

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: update scenario

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : April 11, 2025

Item As on April 4, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2024 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 5764903 676268 77807 10872 52762 7942 363327 27706
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 4893864 574088 64769 9074 43030 6530 136933 2922
1.2 Gold 676510 79360 11622 1567 8348 1183 222129 24802
1.3 SDRs 156526 18362 1182 186 1237 193 5201 192
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 38003 4459 235 46 148 36 -936 -210
*Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); and (c) amounts lent under the SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements.

Date : April 11, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2025 2024-25 2025-26* 2024 2025
Mar. 28 Apr. 04 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4836010 4833066 -2944 -0.1 -17665 -0.4 -2944 -0.1 260557 6.0 219285 4.8
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3720142 3739658 19516 0.5 20209 0.6 19516 0.5 114829 3.4 207988 5.9
1.2 Bankers' deposits with RBI 1003762 990201 -13562 -1.4 -29758 -2.9 -13562 -1.4 130720 15.1 -5490 -0.6
1.3 'Other' deposits with RBI 112106 103207 -8898 -7.9 -8116 -8.6 -8898 -7.9 15008 21.0 16787 19.4
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1388403 1577390 188987   80338   188987   -273259   303840  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1362162 1539133 176971   69558   176971   -279133   282920  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector 11418 -177420 -188838   -99613   -188838   70632   -31660  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -27049 -198958 -171909   -96631   -171909   79599   -41774  
2.3 Net foreign exchange assets of RBI 5526072 5602194 76122 1.4 9408 0.2 76122 1.4 627903 13.6 351704 6.7
2.4 Government's currency liabilities to the public 36306 36306     0 0.0 0 0.0 3146 10.4 2874 8.6
2.5 Net non-monetary liabilities of RBI 2126189 2205404 79215 3.7 7798 0.4 79215 3.7 167865 10.3 407473 22.7
*: With respect to March 28, 2025.

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Page Last Updated on: January 18, 2023

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