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External Investments and Operations Overview Banner

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: update scenario

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : May 30, 2025

Item As on May 23, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 5902926 692721 37403 6992 190786 24395 529128 46048
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 4994767 586167 19503 4516 143933 18610 278908 18668
1.2 Gold 712210 83582 17509 2366 44047 5406 240930 26869
1.3 SDRs 158241 18571 86 81 2952 401 7539 436
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 37708 4401 305 30 -147 -22 1751 75
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); and (c) amounts lent under the SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements.

Date : May 30, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26* 2024 2025
Mar. 28 May 23 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4836336 4943750 6986 0.1 90581 2.0 107414 2.2 300035 6.8 221724 4.7
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3) 3720468 3842318 -212 0.0 72372 2.1 121850 3.3 141636 4.1 258485 7.2
1.1 Currency in Circulation 1003762 995829 7142 0.7 25256 2.5 -7933 -0.8 139384 15.3 -54876 -5.2
1.2 Bankers' deposits with RBI 112106 105603 56 0.1 -7047 -7.5 -6503 -5.8 19016 27.8 18114 20.7
1.3 'Other' deposits with RBI                        
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1388403 1399983 -346174   -336924   11579   -437354   543694  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1362162 1375616 -334180   -349147   13453   -442435   538107  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector 11418 -168175 79571   241146   -179592   285116   -363174  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -27049 -186035 80790   244210   -158986   278194   -369692  
2.3 Net foreign exchange assets of RBI 5526072 5738608 37024 0.6 -14972 -0.3 212536 3.8 527630 11.2 512497 9.8
2.4 Government's currency liabilities to the public 36632 36922     200 0.6 290 0.8 2940 9.6 3290 9.8
2.5 Net non-monetary liabilities of RBI 2126189 2063588 -236564 -10.3 -201130 -11.2 -62601 -2.9 78297 5.2 474584 29.9
*: With respect to March 28, 2025.

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