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External Investments and Operations - आरबीआय - Reserve Bank of India

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: 

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : July 18, 2025

Item As on July 11, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 5978149 696672 2883 -3064 266008 28346 407528 29818
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 5052566 588810 3381 -2477 201732 21252 161793 3340
1.2 Gold 723791 84348 -737 -498 55629 6172 233746 25685
1.3 SDRs 161343 18802 223 -66 6054 633 10048 691
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 40448 4711 16 -24 2593 288 1942 102
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); and (c) amounts lent under the SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements.

Date : July 18, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26 2024 2025
Mar. 31 Jul.11 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4829243 4926365 3143 0.1 49927 1.1 97122 2.0 327496 7.5 244992 5.2
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3724448 3825285 3863 0.1 62944 1.8 100837 2.7 222112 6.6 250879 7.0
1.2 Bankers' Deposits with RBI 991488 990947 -2042 -0.2 -10452 -1.0 -541 -0.1 88032 9.5 -24049 -2.4
1.3 ‘Other’ Deposits with RBI 113307 110133 1321 1.2 -2565 -2.7 -3174 -2.8 17352 23.3 18162 19.7
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1508105 1586327 -86821   -111676   78221   -163378   504790  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1475460 1565939 -76296   -121436   90479   -162141   500719  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector -119015 -329536 93049   -87646   -210521   35559   -195743  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -157261 -337501 93381   -84347   -180240   28496   -192601  
2.3 Net Foreign Exchange Assets of RBI 5550947 5808706 2644 0.0 177605 3.4 257759 4.6 582512 12.0 390018 7.2
2.4 Government’s Currency Liabilities to the Public 36632 37652     634 1.9 1020 2.8 3141 10.2 3586 10.5
2.5 Net Non-Monetary Liabilities of RBI 2147427 2176784 5729 0.3 -71010 -4.0 29357 1.4 130338 8.2 457660 26.6

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