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Master Directions
The Reserve Bank of India has started issuing Master Directions on all regulatory matters beginning January 2016. The Master Directions consolidate instructions on rules and regulations framed by the Reserve Bank under various Acts including banking issues and foreign exchange transactions.
The process of issuing Master Directions involves issuing one Master Direction for each subject matter covering all instructions on that subject. Any change in the rules, regulation or policy is communicated during the year by way of circulars/press releases. The Master Directions will be updated suitably and simultaneously whenever there is a change in the rules/regulations or there is a change in the policy. All the changes will get reflected in the Master Directions available on the RBI website along with the dates on which changes are made.
Explanations of rules and regulations will be issued by way of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) after issue of the Master Directions in easy to understand language wherever necessary. The existing set of Master Circulars issued on various subjects will stand withdrawn with the issue of the Master Direction on the subject.
Master Directions
RBI/DOR/2025-26/143 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Universal Banks- Licensing) Guidelines, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I: ‘On tap’ Licensing of Universal Banks in the Private Sector 3 A. Preamble 3 B. Definitions 3 C. Guidelines 5 C.1 Eligible Promoters 5 C.2 ‘Fit and Proper’ criteria 6 C.3 Corporate structure 6 C.4 Minimum voting equity capital requirements and pattern of shareholding in the bank 7 C.5 Regulatory framework 9 C.6 Foreign shareholding in the bank 9 C.7 Corporate Governance, Prudential and Exposure norms 9 C.8 Business Plan for the bank 10 C.9 Other conditions for the bank 10 C.10 Additional conditions for NBFCs promoting / converting into a bank 12 D. Procedure for application 12 E. Procedure for RBI decisions 13 Chapter II: Voluntary transition of Small Finance Banks to Universal Banks 15 A. Background: 15 B. Provisions 15 Annex I 17 A. Additional information to be furnished by the Promoters along with relevant supporting documents 17 A.1 Existing Structure 17 A.2 Proposed Structure 17 A.3 Project Report 18 A.4 Any other information 19 Appendix I 20 Self-declaration from the main individual promoter of the promoter group 20 Undertaking 22 Form I 23 Form II 24 Form III 25 Form IV 26 Form V 27 Form VI 28 Form VII 29 Form VIII 30 Form IX 31 Appendix II 32 Appendix III 33 Form X 35 Form XI 36
RBI/DOR/2025-26/143 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Universal Banks- Licensing) Guidelines, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I: ‘On tap’ Licensing of Universal Banks in the Private Sector 3 A. Preamble 3 B. Definitions 3 C. Guidelines 5 C.1 Eligible Promoters 5 C.2 ‘Fit and Proper’ criteria 6 C.3 Corporate structure 6 C.4 Minimum voting equity capital requirements and pattern of shareholding in the bank 7 C.5 Regulatory framework 9 C.6 Foreign shareholding in the bank 9 C.7 Corporate Governance, Prudential and Exposure norms 9 C.8 Business Plan for the bank 10 C.9 Other conditions for the bank 10 C.10 Additional conditions for NBFCs promoting / converting into a bank 12 D. Procedure for application 12 E. Procedure for RBI decisions 13 Chapter II: Voluntary transition of Small Finance Banks to Universal Banks 15 A. Background: 15 B. Provisions 15 Annex I 17 A. Additional information to be furnished by the Promoters along with relevant supporting documents 17 A.1 Existing Structure 17 A.2 Proposed Structure 17 A.3 Project Report 18 A.4 Any other information 19 Appendix I 20 Self-declaration from the main individual promoter of the promoter group 20 Undertaking 22 Form I 23 Form II 24 Form III 25 Form IV 26 Form V 27 Form VI 28 Form VII 29 Form VIII 30 Form IX 31 Appendix II 32 Appendix III 33 Form X 35 Form XI 36
पीडीएफ (RBI/DOR/2025-26/144 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Setting Up of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries by Foreign Banks) Guidelines, 2025 A. Background The global financial crisis of 2008 demonstrated that the growing complexity and interconnectedness of financial institutions, coupled with the lack of effective cross-border resolution regimes, severely constrained the ability of home and host authorities to cope with the failure of too big to fail (TBTF) and too connected to fail (TCTF) institutions. Globally, several policy options have been proposed to address these challenges, including measures to contain the negative externalities arising out of size and interconnectedness, strengthening the capital and liquidity buffers, and enhancing the resolvability of such institutions. The lessons from the global financial crisis support the case for domestic incorporation of foreign banks. The main advantages of local incorporation include:
RBI/DOR/2025-26/144 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Setting Up of Wholly Owned Subsidiaries by Foreign Banks) Guidelines, 2025 A. Background The global financial crisis of 2008 demonstrated that the growing complexity and interconnectedness of financial institutions, coupled with the lack of effective cross-border resolution regimes, severely constrained the ability of home and host authorities to cope with the failure of too big to fail (TBTF) and too connected to fail (TCTF) institutions. Globally, several policy options have been proposed to address these challenges, including measures to contain the negative externalities arising out of size and interconnectedness, strengthening the capital and liquidity buffers, and enhancing the resolvability of such institutions. The lessons from the global financial crisis support the case for domestic incorporation of foreign banks. The main advantages of local incorporation include:
RBI/DOR/2025-26/145 DOR.HOL.REC.64/16.13.100/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Acquisition and Holding of Shares or Voting Rights) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I- Preliminary 2 A. Short Title and Commencement 2 B. Applicability 2 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II- Prior Approval for Acquisition 6 A. Fit and Proper Criteria 6 B. Procedure for prior approval 7 Chapter III- Continuous Monitoring Arrangements 9 A. Due diligence 9 B. Detecting violation of Section 12B (1) of the B R Act, 1949 10 C. Reporting requirements 10 Chapter IV- Repeal and Other Provisions 12 A. Repeal and saving 12 B. Application of other laws not barred 12 C. Interpretations 12 Form A1 13 Form A2 15 Annex I 16 A. Prior approval for acquisition of shares or voting rights in a banking company ………………………………………………………………………………………………...16 B. Information to be provided for continuous monitoring 17 C. Limits on shareholding 17 D. Lock-in requirement 19 E. Ceiling on voting rights 19 Form A 21 Form B 27
RBI/DOR/2025-26/145 DOR.HOL.REC.64/16.13.100/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Acquisition and Holding of Shares or Voting Rights) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I- Preliminary 2 A. Short Title and Commencement 2 B. Applicability 2 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II- Prior Approval for Acquisition 6 A. Fit and Proper Criteria 6 B. Procedure for prior approval 7 Chapter III- Continuous Monitoring Arrangements 9 A. Due diligence 9 B. Detecting violation of Section 12B (1) of the B R Act, 1949 10 C. Reporting requirements 10 Chapter IV- Repeal and Other Provisions 12 A. Repeal and saving 12 B. Application of other laws not barred 12 C. Interpretations 12 Form A1 13 Form A2 15 Annex I 16 A. Prior approval for acquisition of shares or voting rights in a banking company ………………………………………………………………………………………………...16 B. Information to be provided for continuous monitoring 17 C. Limits on shareholding 17 D. Lock-in requirement 19 E. Ceiling on voting rights 19 Form A 21 Form B 27
RBI/DoR/2025-26/146 DoR.HOL.REC.65/16-13-100/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Voluntary Amalgamation) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 A. Short Title and Commencement 2 B. Applicability 2 D. Scope 3 Chapter II – Approval by Board of Directors and Shareholders
RBI/DoR/2025-26/146 DoR.HOL.REC.65/16-13-100/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Voluntary Amalgamation) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 A. Short Title and Commencement 2 B. Applicability 2 D. Scope 3 Chapter II – Approval by Board of Directors and Shareholders
RBI/DOR/2025-26/147 DOR.LIC.REC.No.66/22-01-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Branch Authorisation) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter – Role of Board of Directors 6 A. Board Approved Policy 6 B. Key responsibilities 6 Chapter III – Banking Outlet Authorisation 9 A. Domestic Commercial Banks 9 B. Foreign Banks (operating in branch mode) 16 C. Off-site / Mobile Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Cash Deposit Machines (CDMs) / Bunch Note Acceptor Machines (BNAMs) 20 Chapter IV – Digital Banking Units (DBUs) 22 A. Opening of DBUs – General Permission 22 B. Infrastructure and Resources 22 C. Cyber Security 23 D. Products and Services 23 E. Digital Banking Customer Education 25 F. Digital Business Facilitator / Business Correspondent 25 G. Customer Grievance Redressal 25 Chapter V – Business Facilitator / Business Correspondent Model 26 A. Eligibility 26 B. Guidelines for engaging business facilitator 26 C. Guidelines for engaging Business Correspondents (BCs) 27 Chapter VI – Doorstep Banking 35 A. Eligibility and guidelines 35 B. Services to be offered 35 C. Modalities of Delivery 35 D. Delivery process 36 E. Risk Management 36 F. Transparency 36 G. Other conditions 37 H. Redressal of Grievances 37 Chapter VII – Information Reporting 38 A. Banking outlets / branches / offices / Customer Service Points (CSPs) etc. 38 B. Digital Banking Units (DBUs) 39 Chapter VIII – Repeal and Other Provisions 40 A. Repeal and saving 40 B. Application of other laws not barred 40 C. Interpretations 40 Annex I 42 Annex II 43 Annex III 47 Annex IV 54 Annex V 62
RBI/DOR/2025-26/147 DOR.LIC.REC.No.66/22-01-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Branch Authorisation) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter – Role of Board of Directors 6 A. Board Approved Policy 6 B. Key responsibilities 6 Chapter III – Banking Outlet Authorisation 9 A. Domestic Commercial Banks 9 B. Foreign Banks (operating in branch mode) 16 C. Off-site / Mobile Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Cash Deposit Machines (CDMs) / Bunch Note Acceptor Machines (BNAMs) 20 Chapter IV – Digital Banking Units (DBUs) 22 A. Opening of DBUs – General Permission 22 B. Infrastructure and Resources 22 C. Cyber Security 23 D. Products and Services 23 E. Digital Banking Customer Education 25 F. Digital Business Facilitator / Business Correspondent 25 G. Customer Grievance Redressal 25 Chapter V – Business Facilitator / Business Correspondent Model 26 A. Eligibility 26 B. Guidelines for engaging business facilitator 26 C. Guidelines for engaging Business Correspondents (BCs) 27 Chapter VI – Doorstep Banking 35 A. Eligibility and guidelines 35 B. Services to be offered 35 C. Modalities of Delivery 35 D. Delivery process 36 E. Risk Management 36 F. Transparency 36 G. Other conditions 37 H. Redressal of Grievances 37 Chapter VII – Information Reporting 38 A. Banking outlets / branches / offices / Customer Service Points (CSPs) etc. 38 B. Digital Banking Units (DBUs) 39 Chapter VIII – Repeal and Other Provisions 40 A. Repeal and saving 40 B. Application of other laws not barred 40 C. Interpretations 40 Annex I 42 Annex II 43 Annex III 47 Annex IV 54 Annex V 62
RBI/DOR/2025-26/380 DOR.RAUG.AUT.REC.303/24.01.041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Digital Banking Channels Authorisation) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Prudential Requirements 4 Chapter III – Guidelines on Technological Issues in Digital Banking 6 Chapter IV – General Guidelines 7 Chapter V – Exemptions, Repeal and Other Provisions 10
RBI/DOR/2025-26/380 DOR.RAUG.AUT.REC.303/24.01.041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Digital Banking Channels Authorisation) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Prudential Requirements 4 Chapter III – Guidelines on Technological Issues in Digital Banking 6 Chapter IV – General Guidelines 7 Chapter V – Exemptions, Repeal and Other Provisions 10
RBI/DOR/2025-26/148 DOR.AUT.REC.No.67/24-01-041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Undertaking of Financial Services) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II – Role of the Board 7 A. Board Approved Policies 7 B. Key responsibilities 7 Chapter III – General Guidelines 9 A. Forms of Business 9 B. Prudential Regulation for Investments 10 C. Procedure for Application 14 D. Relationship with Subsidiaries 14 Chapter IV – Financial Services 16 A. Equipment Leasing and Hire Purchase Business 16 B. Factoring Services 16 C. Primary Dealership Business 17 D. Underwriting Activities 18 E. Mutual Fund Business 18 F. Insurance Business 18 G. Pension Fund Management 19 H. Investment Advisory Services 19 I. Portfolio Management Services 20 J. Agency Business 21 K. Referral Services 23 L. Retailing of Government Securities 23 M. Membership of SEBI approved Stock Exchanges 23 N. Broking services for Commodity Derivatives Segment 24 O. Participation of Indian Banks on India International Bullion Exchange IFSC Limited (IIBX) 25 P. Operations of subsidiaries and branches in foreign jurisdictions and in International Financial Services Centers (IFSCs) 28 Chapter V – Repeal and Other Provisions 30 A. Repeal and saving 30 B. Application of other laws not barred 30 C. Interpretations 30 Annex I 32 Annex II 33
RBI/DOR/2025-26/148 DOR.AUT.REC.No.67/24-01-041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Undertaking of Financial Services) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II – Role of the Board 7 A. Board Approved Policies 7 B. Key responsibilities 7 Chapter III – General Guidelines 9 A. Forms of Business 9 B. Prudential Regulation for Investments 10 C. Procedure for Application 14 D. Relationship with Subsidiaries 14 Chapter IV – Financial Services 16 A. Equipment Leasing and Hire Purchase Business 16 B. Factoring Services 16 C. Primary Dealership Business 17 D. Underwriting Activities 18 E. Mutual Fund Business 18 F. Insurance Business 18 G. Pension Fund Management 19 H. Investment Advisory Services 19 I. Portfolio Management Services 20 J. Agency Business 21 K. Referral Services 23 L. Retailing of Government Securities 23 M. Membership of SEBI approved Stock Exchanges 23 N. Broking services for Commodity Derivatives Segment 24 O. Participation of Indian Banks on India International Bullion Exchange IFSC Limited (IIBX) 25 P. Operations of subsidiaries and branches in foreign jurisdictions and in International Financial Services Centers (IFSCs) 28 Chapter V – Repeal and Other Provisions 30 A. Repeal and saving 30 B. Application of other laws not barred 30 C. Interpretations 30 Annex I 32 Annex II 33
RBI/DOR/2025-26/149 DOR.HGG.GOV. No.68/29.67.001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Governance) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter-I Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 4 Chapter-II Public Sector Banks 7 A. Role of the Board 7 B. Board Structure and Practices 7 C. Committees of the Board 9 D. Fit and Proper’ Criteria for Elected Directors 11 E. Appointment of Chief Risk Officer 16 F. Appointment of Chief Vigilance Officer 17 G. Appointment of Chief Financial Officer and Chief Technical Officer 17 H. Appointment of Company Secretary 18 I. Appointment of Nominee Directors on assisted companies 18 Chapter-III Private Sector Banks 21 A. Constitution of Board and Appointment of Directors 21 B. MD&CEO / CEO, Part-time Chairman and Whole-time Directors 24 C. Role of the Board and Individual Directors 25 D. Board Structure and Practices 30 E. Committees of the Board 30 F. Appointment of Chief Risk Officer 30 G. Appointment of Chief Financial Officer and Chief Technical Officer 30 H. Remuneration of NEDs, WTDs, MD&CEO / CEO, Material Risk Takers, and Control Function staff 30 I. Regulatory approvals and Reporting 39 Chapter-IV Foreign Banks 42 Chapter-V Repeal and other provisions 44 Annex I 46 Annex II 54 Annex III 60 Annex IV 62 Annex V 66 Annex VI 69
RBI/DOR/2025-26/149 DOR.HGG.GOV. No.68/29.67.001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Governance) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter-I Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 4 Chapter-II Public Sector Banks 7 A. Role of the Board 7 B. Board Structure and Practices 7 C. Committees of the Board 9 D. Fit and Proper’ Criteria for Elected Directors 11 E. Appointment of Chief Risk Officer 16 F. Appointment of Chief Vigilance Officer 17 G. Appointment of Chief Financial Officer and Chief Technical Officer 17 H. Appointment of Company Secretary 18 I. Appointment of Nominee Directors on assisted companies 18 Chapter-III Private Sector Banks 21 A. Constitution of Board and Appointment of Directors 21 B. MD&CEO / CEO, Part-time Chairman and Whole-time Directors 24 C. Role of the Board and Individual Directors 25 D. Board Structure and Practices 30 E. Committees of the Board 30 F. Appointment of Chief Risk Officer 30 G. Appointment of Chief Financial Officer and Chief Technical Officer 30 H. Remuneration of NEDs, WTDs, MD&CEO / CEO, Material Risk Takers, and Control Function staff 30 I. Regulatory approvals and Reporting 39 Chapter-IV Foreign Banks 42 Chapter-V Repeal and other provisions 44 Annex I 46 Annex II 54 Annex III 60 Annex IV 62 Annex V 66 Annex VI 69
RBI/DOR/2025-26/150 DOR.RET.REC.69/12-01-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Cash Reserve Ratio and Statutory Liquidity Ratio) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) 9 Chapter III - Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) 14 Chapter IV - Procedure for computation of SLR 18 Chapter V - Reporting 19 Chapter VI - Penalties 22 Chapter VII - Repeal And Other Provisions 24 Annex I 26 Annex II 34
RBI/DOR/2025-26/150 DOR.RET.REC.69/12-01-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Cash Reserve Ratio and Statutory Liquidity Ratio) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) 9 Chapter III - Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) 14 Chapter IV - Procedure for computation of SLR 18 Chapter V - Reporting 19 Chapter VI - Penalties 22 Chapter VII - Repeal And Other Provisions 24 Annex I 26 Annex II 34
RBI/DOR/2025-26/151 DOR.CAP.REC.70/21-01-002/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks- Prudential Norms on Capital Adequacy) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I Preliminary 4 A Short title and commencement 4 B Applicability 4 C Definitions. 4 Chapter II Board approved policies and scope of application 10 A Instructions regarding Board approved policies and documents to be reviewed by the Board 10 B Scope of application of capital adequacy framework 10
RBI/DOR/2025-26/151 DOR.CAP.REC.70/21-01-002/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks- Prudential Norms on Capital Adequacy) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I Preliminary 4 A Short title and commencement 4 B Applicability 4 C Definitions. 4 Chapter II Board approved policies and scope of application 10 A Instructions regarding Board approved policies and documents to be reviewed by the Board 10 B Scope of application of capital adequacy framework 10
RBI/DoR/2025-26/152 DoR.CRE.REC.71/08.12.014/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks-Resource Raising Norms) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I- Preliminary 2 A. Short Title and Commencement 2 B. Applicability 2 Chapter II- Issue of Long-Term Bonds for Financing Infrastructure Sub-Sectors 3 Chapter III- Repeal and Other Provisions 7 A. Repeal and Saving 7 B. Application of other laws not barred 7 C. Interpretations 7
RBI/DoR/2025-26/152 DoR.CRE.REC.71/08.12.014/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks-Resource Raising Norms) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I- Preliminary 2 A. Short Title and Commencement 2 B. Applicability 2 Chapter II- Issue of Long-Term Bonds for Financing Infrastructure Sub-Sectors 3 Chapter III- Repeal and Other Provisions 7 A. Repeal and Saving 7 B. Application of other laws not barred 7 C. Interpretations 7
RBI/DOR/2025-26/153 DOR.SOG(SPE).REC.72/13.03.00/ 2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I : Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Objective 3 C. Applicability 3 D. Definitions 3 Chapter II : General Guidelines (Interest Rate Framework) 6 Chapter III : Domestic Rupee Deposits 8 A. Interest Rate on Domestic Current Account 8 B. Interest Rate on Domestic Savings Deposit 8 C. Interest Rate on Domestic Term Deposits 8 D. Payment of Additional Interest on Domestic Deposits 9 E. Interest on Overdue Domestic Deposits 10 F. Floating Rate Domestic Term Deposits 11 G. Periodicity of Payment of Interest on Domestic Savings Deposit 11 H. Interest Payable on the Domestic Deposit Account of Deceased Depositor 11 I. Discretion to pay interest on the minimum credit balance in the composite cash credit account of a farmer 11 J. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Domestic Term Deposit 11 Chapter IV : Rupee Deposits of Non-Residents 13 A. Interest Rate on Rupee Deposits - Non-Residents 13 B. Prohibition on Marking Lien 14 C. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Non-Resident External (NRE) Deposits 14 D. Interest Payable on the Non-Resident External (NRE) Term Deposit Account of Deceased Depositor 14 Chapter V : Foreign Currency Deposits 15 A. Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) Scheme 15 B. Manner of Calculation of Interest on Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits 16 C. Calculation of Interest on Renewal of Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits 16 D. Interest Payable on the Deposit of a Deceased Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Depositor 17 E. Payment of Interest on Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) on Return to India 17 F. Conversion of Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Accounts of Returning Indians into Resident Foreign Currency (RFC) Accounts / Resident Rupee Accounts - Payment of Interest 18 G. Premature Withdrawal of Foreign Currency Deposits 18 H. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Foreign Currency Deposits 18 I. Resident Foreign Currency Accounts Scheme 19 Chapter VI : Prohibitions and Exemptions 20 A. Prohibitions 20 B. Exemptions 21 SCHEDULE- I 22 Chapter VII : Repeal and Other Provisions 23 A. Repeal and saving 23 B. Application of other laws not barred 23 C. Interpretations 24
RBI/DOR/2025-26/153 DOR.SOG(SPE).REC.72/13.03.00/ 2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I : Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Objective 3 C. Applicability 3 D. Definitions 3 Chapter II : General Guidelines (Interest Rate Framework) 6 Chapter III : Domestic Rupee Deposits 8 A. Interest Rate on Domestic Current Account 8 B. Interest Rate on Domestic Savings Deposit 8 C. Interest Rate on Domestic Term Deposits 8 D. Payment of Additional Interest on Domestic Deposits 9 E. Interest on Overdue Domestic Deposits 10 F. Floating Rate Domestic Term Deposits 11 G. Periodicity of Payment of Interest on Domestic Savings Deposit 11 H. Interest Payable on the Domestic Deposit Account of Deceased Depositor 11 I. Discretion to pay interest on the minimum credit balance in the composite cash credit account of a farmer 11 J. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Domestic Term Deposit 11 Chapter IV : Rupee Deposits of Non-Residents 13 A. Interest Rate on Rupee Deposits - Non-Residents 13 B. Prohibition on Marking Lien 14 C. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Non-Resident External (NRE) Deposits 14 D. Interest Payable on the Non-Resident External (NRE) Term Deposit Account of Deceased Depositor 14 Chapter V : Foreign Currency Deposits 15 A. Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) Scheme 15 B. Manner of Calculation of Interest on Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits 16 C. Calculation of Interest on Renewal of Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits 16 D. Interest Payable on the Deposit of a Deceased Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Depositor 17 E. Payment of Interest on Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) on Return to India 17 F. Conversion of Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Accounts of Returning Indians into Resident Foreign Currency (RFC) Accounts / Resident Rupee Accounts - Payment of Interest 18 G. Premature Withdrawal of Foreign Currency Deposits 18 H. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Foreign Currency Deposits 18 I. Resident Foreign Currency Accounts Scheme 19 Chapter VI : Prohibitions and Exemptions 20 A. Prohibitions 20 B. Exemptions 21 SCHEDULE- I 22 Chapter VII : Repeal and Other Provisions 23 A. Repeal and saving 23 B. Application of other laws not barred 23 C. Interpretations 24
BI/DOR/2025-26/154 DOR.CRE.REC.73/07-01-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 5 A. Short Title and Commencement 5 B. Applicability 5 C. Definitions 5 Chapter II - Role of The Board 12 Chapter III - Digital Lending Guidelines 13 A. General Requirements for bank-LSP Arrangements 13 B.
BI/DOR/2025-26/154 DOR.CRE.REC.73/07-01-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 5 A. Short Title and Commencement 5 B. Applicability 5 C. Definitions 5 Chapter II - Role of The Board 12 Chapter III - Digital Lending Guidelines 13 A. General Requirements for bank-LSP Arrangements 13 B.
RBI/DOR/2025-26/155 DOR.AUT.REC.No.74/24-01-041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Cards and Debit Cards: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Conduct of Credit Card Business 6 Chapter III – Issue of Debit Card by Banks 21 Chapter IV – Form Factor 22 Chapter V – Co-branding Arrangement 23 Chapter VI – General Guidelines for Credit and Debit Cards 25 Chapter VII – Miscellaneous 31 Chapter VIII – Repeal and Other Provisions 34
RBI/DOR/2025-26/155 DOR.AUT.REC.No.74/24-01-041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Cards and Debit Cards: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Conduct of Credit Card Business 6 Chapter III – Issue of Debit Card by Banks 21 Chapter IV – Form Factor 22 Chapter V – Co-branding Arrangement 23 Chapter VI – General Guidelines for Credit and Debit Cards 25 Chapter VII – Miscellaneous 31 Chapter VIII – Repeal and Other Provisions 34
RBI/DOR/2025-26/156 DOR.FIN.REC.No.75/20.16.056/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Credit Information Reporting) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter-I Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter-II Membership of CICs 5 Chapter-III Credit Information Reporting and Dissemination 6 A. Data formats 6 B. Reporting timelines and updation 6 C. Reporting guidelines 6 D. Rectification of rejected data and review of Data Quality Index (DQI) 13 E. Correction of Credit Information Report 13 F. Use of credit information reports in credit appraisal 13 G. Display of information 13 H. Applicability of other instructions issued by Department of Regulation 15 Chapter-IV Technical Working Group 17 Chapter-V Customer Service and Grievance Redressal 18 A. Strengthening of customer service 18 B. Framework for compensation to customers 20 C. Reserve Bank- Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2021 27 D. Appointment of Internal Ombudsman 27 Chapter-VI Best Practices 29 Chapter-VII Repeal and Other Provisions 30 A. Repeal and saving 30 B. Application of other laws not barred 30 C. Interpretations 31 Annex I 32 Annex II 63 Annex III 64 Annex IV 71 Annex V 72
RBI/DOR/2025-26/156 DOR.FIN.REC.No.75/20.16.056/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Credit Information Reporting) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter-I Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter-II Membership of CICs 5 Chapter-III Credit Information Reporting and Dissemination 6 A. Data formats 6 B. Reporting timelines and updation 6 C. Reporting guidelines 6 D. Rectification of rejected data and review of Data Quality Index (DQI) 13 E. Correction of Credit Information Report 13 F. Use of credit information reports in credit appraisal 13 G. Display of information 13 H. Applicability of other instructions issued by Department of Regulation 15 Chapter-IV Technical Working Group 17 Chapter-V Customer Service and Grievance Redressal 18 A. Strengthening of customer service 18 B. Framework for compensation to customers 20 C. Reserve Bank- Integrated Ombudsman Scheme, 2021 27 D. Appointment of Internal Ombudsman 27 Chapter-VI Best Practices 29 Chapter-VII Repeal and Other Provisions 30 A. Repeal and saving 30 B. Application of other laws not barred 30 C. Interpretations 31 Annex I 32 Annex II 63 Annex III 64 Annex IV 71 Annex V 72
RBI/DOR/2025-26/157 DOR.CRE.REC.76/07-02-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 7 Chapter III - Credit Risk Evaluation 8 Chapter IV - Statutory Restrictions 10 Chapter V - Regulatory Restrictions 16 Chapter VI - Country Risk Management
RBI/DOR/2025-26/157 DOR.CRE.REC.76/07-02-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 7 Chapter III - Credit Risk Evaluation 8 Chapter IV - Statutory Restrictions 10 Chapter V - Regulatory Restrictions 16 Chapter VI - Country Risk Management
RBI/DOR/2025-26/158 DOR.CRE.REC.77/07-03-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Concentration Risk Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Role of the Board 8 Chapter III - Large Exposures Framework 10 Chapter IV - Enhancing Credit Supply for Large Borrowers through Market Mechanism 35 Chapter V - Exposure Norms 36 Chapter VI - Prudential Limits on Intra-Group Transactions and Exposure 45 Chapter VII – Management of Country Risk Exposure 50 Chapter VIII - Prudential Limits for Inter-Bank Liabilities (IBL) 52 Chapter IX - Repeal and other provisions 53 Annex - I 54 Annex - II 56
RBI/DOR/2025-26/158 DOR.CRE.REC.77/07-03-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Concentration Risk Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Role of the Board 8 Chapter III - Large Exposures Framework 10 Chapter IV - Enhancing Credit Supply for Large Borrowers through Market Mechanism 35 Chapter V - Exposure Norms 36 Chapter VI - Prudential Limits on Intra-Group Transactions and Exposure 45 Chapter VII – Management of Country Risk Exposure 50 Chapter VIII - Prudential Limits for Inter-Bank Liabilities (IBL) 52 Chapter IX - Repeal and other provisions 53 Annex - I 54 Annex - II 56
RBI/DOR/2025-26/159 DOR.STR.REC.No.78/21.04.048/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Transfer and Distribution of Credit Risk) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 PART A - TRANSFER OF LOAN EXPOSURES 4 Chapter I - Scope and Definitions 4 Chapter II- General Conditions applicable for all loan transfers 9 Chapter III-Transfer of Loans which are not in default 13 Chapter IV- Transfer of stressed loans 19 PART B: CO-LENDING ARRANGEMENTS (CLAs) 30 Chapter I - Scope and Definitions 30 Chapter II- Prudential Norms 31 PART C - OTHER TYPES OF LENDING AND RISK TRANSFER ARRANGEMENTS 36 Chapter I – Lending under Consortium / Multiple Banking Arrangements 36 Chapter II – Inter-Bank Participations 37 Chapter III– Transfer of Borrower Accounts at the Request/Instance of Borrower 40 PART D: REPEAL AND OTHER PROVISIONS 41 Annex I 43 Annex II 46 Annex III 53
RBI/DOR/2025-26/159 DOR.STR.REC.No.78/21.04.048/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Transfer and Distribution of Credit Risk) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 PART A - TRANSFER OF LOAN EXPOSURES 4 Chapter I - Scope and Definitions 4 Chapter II- General Conditions applicable for all loan transfers 9 Chapter III-Transfer of Loans which are not in default 13 Chapter IV- Transfer of stressed loans 19 PART B: CO-LENDING ARRANGEMENTS (CLAs) 30 Chapter I - Scope and Definitions 30 Chapter II- Prudential Norms 31 PART C - OTHER TYPES OF LENDING AND RISK TRANSFER ARRANGEMENTS 36 Chapter I – Lending under Consortium / Multiple Banking Arrangements 36 Chapter II – Inter-Bank Participations 37 Chapter III– Transfer of Borrower Accounts at the Request/Instance of Borrower 40 PART D: REPEAL AND OTHER PROVISIONS 41 Annex I 43 Annex II 46 Annex III 53
RBI/DOR/2025-26/160 DOR.STR.REC.79/21.04.177/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Securitisation Transactions) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I- Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II - General requirements for securitisation 9 A. Assets eligible for securitisation 9 B. Minimum Retention Requirement (MRR) 10 C. Origination Standards 12 D. Payment priorities and observability 12 E. Limit on Total Retained Exposures by Originators 13 F. Issuance and Listing 14 G. Conditions to be satisfied by the special purpose entity 14 H. Representations and Warranties 15 I. Accounting Provisions 16 Chapter III - Simple, transparent and comparable (STC) securitisations 18 A. STC Securitisations- Criteria for regulatory capital purposes 18 B. Disclosure and Prudential Oversight for STC Securitisations 27 Chapter IV - Provision of facilities supporting securitisation structures 29 A. General Conditions 29 B. Credit Enhancement Facilities 30 C. Reset of credit enhancements 31 D. Liquidity Facilities 33 E. Underwriting Facilities 35 F. Servicing Facilities 35 Chapter V - Requirements to be met by a bank who is an investor in securitisation exposures 37 A. Due Diligence Requirements 37 B. Stress Testing 38 C. Credit monitoring and valuation 39 Chapter VI - Capital requirements for Securitisation exposures and Disclosures Norms 40 A. Capital requirements for securitisation exposures 40 B. Disclosures 40 Chapter VII - Repeal and other provisions 42 A. Repeal and saving 42 Application of other laws not barred 42 B. Interpretations 42 Annex I 44
RBI/DOR/2025-26/160 DOR.STR.REC.79/21.04.177/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Securitisation Transactions) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I- Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II - General requirements for securitisation 9 A. Assets eligible for securitisation 9 B. Minimum Retention Requirement (MRR) 10 C. Origination Standards 12 D. Payment priorities and observability 12 E. Limit on Total Retained Exposures by Originators 13 F. Issuance and Listing 14 G. Conditions to be satisfied by the special purpose entity 14 H. Representations and Warranties 15 I. Accounting Provisions 16 Chapter III - Simple, transparent and comparable (STC) securitisations 18 A. STC Securitisations- Criteria for regulatory capital purposes 18 B. Disclosure and Prudential Oversight for STC Securitisations 27 Chapter IV - Provision of facilities supporting securitisation structures 29 A. General Conditions 29 B. Credit Enhancement Facilities 30 C. Reset of credit enhancements 31 D. Liquidity Facilities 33 E. Underwriting Facilities 35 F. Servicing Facilities 35 Chapter V - Requirements to be met by a bank who is an investor in securitisation exposures 37 A. Due Diligence Requirements 37 B. Stress Testing 38 C. Credit monitoring and valuation 39 Chapter VI - Capital requirements for Securitisation exposures and Disclosures Norms 40 A. Capital requirements for securitisation exposures 40 B. Disclosures 40 Chapter VII - Repeal and other provisions 42 A. Repeal and saving 42 Application of other laws not barred 42 B. Interpretations 42 Annex I 44
RBI/DOR/2025-26/161 DOR.CRE.REC.80./13.03.000/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Interest Rates on Advances) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - General guidelines 4 Chapter III - Benchmark 6 Chapter IV - Other aspects of lending rates 10 Chapter V - Foreign Currency Advances 13 Chapter VI - Exemptions 14 Chapter VII - Repeal and Other Provisions 16 Annex 18
RBI/DOR/2025-26/161 DOR.CRE.REC.80./13.03.000/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Interest Rates on Advances) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - General guidelines 4 Chapter III - Benchmark 6 Chapter IV - Other aspects of lending rates 10 Chapter V - Foreign Currency Advances 13 Chapter VI - Exemptions 14 Chapter VII - Repeal and Other Provisions 16 Annex 18
RBI/DOR/2025-26/162 DOR.MRG.REC.No.81/00-00-001/2025-26 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Classification, Valuation, and Operation of Investment Portfolio) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I: Preliminary 3 A. Short Title 3 B. Effective Date 3 C. Applicability 3 D. Definitions 3 Chapter II: Role of the Board 11 Chapter III: General Guidelines 12 A. Investment Policy Framework 12 Chapter IV: Classification of Investments 15 A. Categorization of investments 15 B. Held To Maturity (HTM) 16 C. Available for Sale (AFS) 19 D. Fair Value through Profit and Loss (FVTPL) 19 D.1 Held For Trading (HFT) 20 E. Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures 24 Chapter V: Initial Recognition 30 Chapter VI: Subsequent Measurement 33 A. HTM 33 B. AFS 33 C. FVTPL 34 D. Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures 34 Chapter VII: Reclassifications between categories 38 Chapter VIII: Sale of investments from HTM 40 Chapter IX: Fair Value of investments 42 A. Quoted Securities 42 B. Unquoted SLR Securities 42 C. Unquoted Non-SLR Securities 42 Chapter X: Operational Guidelines 49 A. Government Securities 49 B. Non-SLR securities 51 C. Internal Control System 57 D. Engagement of brokers 59 E. Audit, review and reporting 61 Chapter XI: Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning 64 A. Income recognition 64 B. Accounting for Broken Period Interest 64 C. Non-Performing Investments (NPI) 64 D. Investment Fluctuation Reserve 68 Chapter XII: Derivatives 70 Chapter XIII: Repeal and Other Provisions 71 A. Repeal and Saving 71 B. Application of other laws not barred 71 C. Interpretations 72 Annex I: Reconciliation Statement 73 Annex II: Guidance on Journal Entries 76
RBI/DOR/2025-26/162 DOR.MRG.REC.No.81/00-00-001/2025-26 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Classification, Valuation, and Operation of Investment Portfolio) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I: Preliminary 3 A. Short Title 3 B. Effective Date 3 C. Applicability 3 D. Definitions 3 Chapter II: Role of the Board 11 Chapter III: General Guidelines 12 A. Investment Policy Framework 12 Chapter IV: Classification of Investments 15 A. Categorization of investments 15 B. Held To Maturity (HTM) 16 C. Available for Sale (AFS) 19 D. Fair Value through Profit and Loss (FVTPL) 19 D.1 Held For Trading (HFT) 20 E. Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures 24 Chapter V: Initial Recognition 30 Chapter VI: Subsequent Measurement 33 A. HTM 33 B. AFS 33 C. FVTPL 34 D. Investments in Subsidiaries, Associates and Joint Ventures 34 Chapter VII: Reclassifications between categories 38 Chapter VIII: Sale of investments from HTM 40 Chapter IX: Fair Value of investments 42 A. Quoted Securities 42 B. Unquoted SLR Securities 42 C. Unquoted Non-SLR Securities 42 Chapter X: Operational Guidelines 49 A. Government Securities 49 B. Non-SLR securities 51 C. Internal Control System 57 D. Engagement of brokers 59 E. Audit, review and reporting 61 Chapter XI: Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning 64 A. Income recognition 64 B. Accounting for Broken Period Interest 64 C. Non-Performing Investments (NPI) 64 D. Investment Fluctuation Reserve 68 Chapter XII: Derivatives 70 Chapter XIII: Repeal and Other Provisions 71 A. Repeal and Saving 71 B. Application of other laws not barred 71 C. Interpretations 72 Annex I: Reconciliation Statement 73 Annex II: Guidance on Journal Entries 76
RBI/DOR/2025-26/163 DOR.LRG.No.82/13-10-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 5 A. Short Title and Commencement 5 B. Applicability 5 C. Definitions 5 Chapter II – Role of the Board 8 A. Responsibilities of the Board 8 B. Approval of Policies, limits and reviews 8 Chapter III – Liquidity Risk Management 11
RBI/DOR/2025-26/163 DOR.LRG.No.82/13-10-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 5 A. Short Title and Commencement 5 B. Applicability 5 C. Definitions 5 Chapter II – Role of the Board 8 A. Responsibilities of the Board 8 B. Approval of Policies, limits and reviews 8 Chapter III – Liquidity Risk Management 11
RBI/DOR/2025-26/164 DOR.STR.REC.83./21.04.048/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II - General Instructions 7 A. Role of the Board 7 B. Prudence in Lending and Consumer Education 7 C. Disclosure Requirements 10 Chapter III - Asset Classification 11 A. General Instructions on Asset Classification 11 B. Automation of Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning processes 12 C. Classification as non-performing asset 17 D. Accounts regularised near about the balance sheet date 19 E. Specific cases of asset classification 20 F. Categories of non-performing assets 26 G. Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs 27 Chapter IV - Provisioning Norms 28 A. General Principles for Provisioning 28 B. Provisions in respect of Standard assets 29 C. Provisions in respect of substandard assets 30 D. Provisions in respect of Doubtful Assets 31 E. Provisions in respect of Loss Assets 32 F. Prudential norms on creation and utilisation of floating provisions 32 G. Additional Provisions at higher than prescribed rates 33 H. Provisions under Special Circumstances 34 I. Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) 41 Chapter V - Income Recognition 42 A. General Principles for Income Recognition 42 B. Reversal of income upon classification as NPA 42 C. Interest application after NPA classification 43 D. Appropriation of recovery from NPAs 43 E. Income recognition in special cases 43 F. Tax treatment in respect of provisions 45 Chapter VI - Repeal and Other Provisions 46 A. Repeal and saving 46 B. Application of other laws not barred 46 C. Interpretations 47 Annex I 48 Annex II 49
RBI/DOR/2025-26/164 DOR.STR.REC.83./21.04.048/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II - General Instructions 7 A. Role of the Board 7 B. Prudence in Lending and Consumer Education 7 C. Disclosure Requirements 10 Chapter III - Asset Classification 11 A. General Instructions on Asset Classification 11 B. Automation of Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning processes 12 C. Classification as non-performing asset 17 D. Accounts regularised near about the balance sheet date 19 E. Specific cases of asset classification 20 F. Categories of non-performing assets 26 G. Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs 27 Chapter IV - Provisioning Norms 28 A. General Principles for Provisioning 28 B. Provisions in respect of Standard assets 29 C. Provisions in respect of substandard assets 30 D. Provisions in respect of Doubtful Assets 31 E. Provisions in respect of Loss Assets 32 F. Prudential norms on creation and utilisation of floating provisions 32 G. Additional Provisions at higher than prescribed rates 33 H. Provisions under Special Circumstances 34 I. Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) 41 Chapter V - Income Recognition 42 A. General Principles for Income Recognition 42 B. Reversal of income upon classification as NPA 42 C. Interest application after NPA classification 43 D. Appropriation of recovery from NPAs 43 E. Income recognition in special cases 43 F. Tax treatment in respect of provisions 45 Chapter VI - Repeal and Other Provisions 46 A. Repeal and saving 46 B. Application of other laws not barred 46 C. Interpretations 47 Annex I 48 Annex II 49
RBI/DOR/2025-26/165 DOR.STR.REC.84/21.04.048/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Resolution of Stressed Assets) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 4 A. Short title and commencement 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 5 Chapter II - General Requirements 10 A. Board approved policies: 10 B. Early identification and reporting of stress 12 C. Disclosures 13 D. Supervisory Review 13 Chapter III - Resolution Process 14 A. Review Period 14 B. Inter-Creditor Agreement 14 C. Resolution Plan 15 Chapter IV - Additional Provisioning 19 A. Delayed Implementation of Resolution Plan – Additional Specific Provisioning 19 Chapter V - Prudential Norms Applicable to Restructuring 21 A. Applicability 21 B. Asset Classification Post Restructuring 21 C. Additional Finance 21 D. Asset classification upgrade after satisfactory performance 22 E. Default by a borrower after monitoring period 23 F. Provisioning post Restructuring 23 G. Income Recognition 25 H. Change in Ownership 25 Chapter VI - Special Cases of Restructuring 27 A. Sale and Leaseback Transactions 27 B. Refinancing of Exposures 27 C. Borrowers who have committed Frauds / Malfeasance / Wilful Default 27 D. Compromise Settlements and Technical Write-offs 28 E. Resolution of Accounts Impacted by Natural Calamities 32 F. Projects Under Implementation 32 Chapter VII - Government Debt Relief Schemes (DRS) 39 A. Prudential treatment in respect of Government Debt Relief Schemes (DRS): 39 Chapter VIII - Prudential Treatment of Instruments Acquired as part of Restructuring 42 A. Asset classification of instruments acquired as part of restructuring 42 B. Provisioning in respect of instruments acquired as part of restructuring 42 C. Valuation of instruments acquired as part of restructuring 42 D. Income Recognition from instruments acquired as part of restructuring 44 Chapter IX - Regulatory Exemptions 46 A. Exemptions from the Reserve Bank Regulations 46 B. Exemptions from Regulations of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) 46 Chapter X – Special Measures 48 A. Trade Relief Measures 48 Chapter XI - Repeal and Other Provisions 49 A. Repeal and saving 49 B. Application of other laws not barred 49 C. Interpretations 50 Annex 51
RBI/DOR/2025-26/165 DOR.STR.REC.84/21.04.048/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Resolution of Stressed Assets) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 4 A. Short title and commencement 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 5 Chapter II - General Requirements 10 A. Board approved policies: 10 B. Early identification and reporting of stress 12 C. Disclosures 13 D. Supervisory Review 13 Chapter III - Resolution Process 14 A. Review Period 14 B. Inter-Creditor Agreement 14 C. Resolution Plan 15 Chapter IV - Additional Provisioning 19 A. Delayed Implementation of Resolution Plan – Additional Specific Provisioning 19 Chapter V - Prudential Norms Applicable to Restructuring 21 A. Applicability 21 B. Asset Classification Post Restructuring 21 C. Additional Finance 21 D. Asset classification upgrade after satisfactory performance 22 E. Default by a borrower after monitoring period 23 F. Provisioning post Restructuring 23 G. Income Recognition 25 H. Change in Ownership 25 Chapter VI - Special Cases of Restructuring 27 A. Sale and Leaseback Transactions 27 B. Refinancing of Exposures 27 C. Borrowers who have committed Frauds / Malfeasance / Wilful Default 27 D. Compromise Settlements and Technical Write-offs 28 E. Resolution of Accounts Impacted by Natural Calamities 32 F. Projects Under Implementation 32 Chapter VII - Government Debt Relief Schemes (DRS) 39 A. Prudential treatment in respect of Government Debt Relief Schemes (DRS): 39 Chapter VIII - Prudential Treatment of Instruments Acquired as part of Restructuring 42 A. Asset classification of instruments acquired as part of restructuring 42 B. Provisioning in respect of instruments acquired as part of restructuring 42 C. Valuation of instruments acquired as part of restructuring 42 D. Income Recognition from instruments acquired as part of restructuring 44 Chapter IX - Regulatory Exemptions 46 A. Exemptions from the Reserve Bank Regulations 46 B. Exemptions from Regulations of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) 46 Chapter X – Special Measures 48 A. Trade Relief Measures 48 Chapter XI - Repeal and Other Provisions 49 A. Repeal and saving 49 B. Application of other laws not barred 49 C. Interpretations 50 Annex 51
RBI/DOR/2025-26/166 DOR.FIN.REC.No.85/20-16-003/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Treatment of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 Chapter II - Function of Board 10 Chapter III - Treatment of Wilful Defaulters
RBI/DOR/2025-26/166 DOR.FIN.REC.No.85/20-16-003/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Treatment of Wilful Defaulters and Large Defaulters) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 Chapter II - Function of Board 10 Chapter III - Treatment of Wilful Defaulters
RBI/DOR/2025-26/167 DOR.ACC.REC.No.86/21.04.018/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Financial Statements: Presentation and Disclosures) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter-I Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 Chapter-II Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account 4 A. Format of the balance sheet and profit and loss account 4 B. Notes and instructions for compilation 4 C. Guidance on specific issues with respect to certain Accounting Standards 31 Chapter-III Disclosure in Financial Statements – Notes to Accounts 43 A. General 43 B. Presentation 43 C. Disclosure requirements 43 Chapter-IV Consolidated Financial Statements 88 Chapter-V Other Instructions 90 A. Inter-branch account - provisioning for net debit balance 90 B. Reconciliation of Nostro account and treatment of outstanding entries 90 C. Transfer to / appropriation from Reserve funds 91 D. Provisioning for fraud 92 E. Unreconciled balances 93 F. Deferred tax liability (DTL) on Special Reserve created under Section 36(1) (viii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 93 G. Window dressing 93 Chapter-VI Repeal and Other Provisions 94 A. Repeal and saving 94 B. Application of other laws not barred 94 C. Interpretations 94 Annex I 96 Annex II 114
RBI/DOR/2025-26/167 DOR.ACC.REC.No.86/21.04.018/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Financial Statements: Presentation and Disclosures) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter-I Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 Chapter-II Balance Sheet and Profit and Loss Account 4 A. Format of the balance sheet and profit and loss account 4 B. Notes and instructions for compilation 4 C. Guidance on specific issues with respect to certain Accounting Standards 31 Chapter-III Disclosure in Financial Statements – Notes to Accounts 43 A. General 43 B. Presentation 43 C. Disclosure requirements 43 Chapter-IV Consolidated Financial Statements 88 Chapter-V Other Instructions 90 A. Inter-branch account - provisioning for net debit balance 90 B. Reconciliation of Nostro account and treatment of outstanding entries 90 C. Transfer to / appropriation from Reserve funds 91 D. Provisioning for fraud 92 E. Unreconciled balances 93 F. Deferred tax liability (DTL) on Special Reserve created under Section 36(1) (viii) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 93 G. Window dressing 93 Chapter-VI Repeal and Other Provisions 94 A. Repeal and saving 94 B. Application of other laws not barred 94 C. Interpretations 94 Annex I 96 Annex II 114
RBI/DOR/2025-26/168 DOR.ACC.REC.87/21-02-067/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Prudential Norms on Declaration of Dividends and Remittance of Profit) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 A. Short title and commencement 2 B. Applicability 2 C. Definitions 2 Chapter II - Declaration of dividend 4 A. Board Oversight 4 B. Eligibility criteria for declaration of dividend 4 C. Quantum of dividend payable 5 D. Reporting System 7 Chapter III - Remittance of profit by foreign bank branches 8 Chapter IV - Repeal and Other provisions 9 A. Repeal and saving 9 B. Application of other laws not barred 9 C. Interpretations 10 Annex I - Reporting format for a bank declaring dividend 11 Annex II - Reporting of remittance made by the foreign bank branches 12
RBI/DOR/2025-26/168 DOR.ACC.REC.87/21-02-067/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Prudential Norms on Declaration of Dividends and Remittance of Profit) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 A. Short title and commencement 2 B. Applicability 2 C. Definitions 2 Chapter II - Declaration of dividend 4 A. Board Oversight 4 B. Eligibility criteria for declaration of dividend 4 C. Quantum of dividend payable 5 D. Reporting System 7 Chapter III - Remittance of profit by foreign bank branches 8 Chapter IV - Repeal and Other provisions 9 A. Repeal and saving 9 B. Application of other laws not barred 9 C. Interpretations 10 Annex I - Reporting format for a bank declaring dividend 11 Annex II - Reporting of remittance made by the foreign bank branches 12
RBI/DOR/2025-26/169 DOR.AML.REC.No.88/14.01.002/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Know Your Customer) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 4 A. Short Title and Commencement. 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II – General 16 A. Board of Directors / Policies related guidelines: 16 B. Other General Guidelines: 18 Chapter IV – Risk Management 22 Chapter V – Customer Identification Procedure (CIP) 23 Chapter VI – Customer Due Diligence (CDD) Procedure 25 A. CDD Procedure in case of Individuals 25 B. CDD Measures for Sole Proprietary firms 36 C. CDD Measures for Legal Entities 37 D. Identification of Beneficial Owner 39 E. On-going Due Diligence 40 F. Enhanced and Simplified Due Diligence Procedure 45 F.1 Enhanced Due Diligence 45 F.2 Simplified Due Diligence 48 Chapter VII – Record Management 52 Chapter VIII – Reporting Requirements to Financial Intelligence Unit – India 54 Chapter IX – Requirements/obligations under International Agreements - Communications from International Agencies 56 Chapter X – Other Instructions 60 Chapter XI – Repeal and Other Provisions 73 A. Repeal and saving 73 B. Application of other laws not barred 73 C. Interpretation 73 Annex – I 75 Annex – II 89
RBI/DOR/2025-26/169 DOR.AML.REC.No.88/14.01.002/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Know Your Customer) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 4 A. Short Title and Commencement. 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II – General 16 A. Board of Directors / Policies related guidelines: 16 B. Other General Guidelines: 18 Chapter IV – Risk Management 22 Chapter V – Customer Identification Procedure (CIP) 23 Chapter VI – Customer Due Diligence (CDD) Procedure 25 A. CDD Procedure in case of Individuals 25 B. CDD Measures for Sole Proprietary firms 36 C. CDD Measures for Legal Entities 37 D. Identification of Beneficial Owner 39 E. On-going Due Diligence 40 F. Enhanced and Simplified Due Diligence Procedure 45 F.1 Enhanced Due Diligence 45 F.2 Simplified Due Diligence 48 Chapter VII – Record Management 52 Chapter VIII – Reporting Requirements to Financial Intelligence Unit – India 54 Chapter IX – Requirements/obligations under International Agreements - Communications from International Agencies 56 Chapter X – Other Instructions 60 Chapter XI – Repeal and Other Provisions 73 A. Repeal and saving 73 B. Application of other laws not barred 73 C. Interpretation 73 Annex – I 75 Annex – II 89
RBI/DOR/2025-26/170 DOR.MCS.REC.No.89/01-01-032/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Responsible Business Conduct) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 Chapter II – Institutional Framework 9 Chapter III – Customer Service in Branches 15 Chapter IV – Customer Guidance and Protection 21 Chapter V – Financial Inclusion and Accessibility 37 Chapter VI – Payment and Remittance Services 45 Chapter VII – Deposit and Other Liabilities 51 Chapter VIII – Responsible Lending Conduct 89 Chapter IX – Miscellaneous 121 Chapter X – Repeal and Other Provisions 123 Annex I - Format of Comprehensive Notice Board 125 Annex II - Rates at a Quick Glance 127 Annex III - Forms for inventory 132 Annex IV - Settlement of Claims 135 Annex V - Claim form for Accounts with nominee / survivorship clause 142 Annex VI - Claim form for Accounts without nominee / survivorship clause 146 Annex VII - Bond of indemnity / Surety for Deposit accounts 151 Annex VIII - Letter of disclaimer / No objection 154 Annex IX - Declaration / Affidavit 156 Annex X - Inventory form and Acknowledgement for Safe Deposit Lockers 158 Annex XI - Inventory form for Articles in Safe Custody 161 Annex XII - Bond of indemnity with respect to delivery of contents of Safe deposit locker / Articles kept in Safe Custody 163 Annex XIII - Key Facts Statement 165
RBI/DOR/2025-26/170 DOR.MCS.REC.No.89/01-01-032/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Responsible Business Conduct) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 Chapter II – Institutional Framework 9 Chapter III – Customer Service in Branches 15 Chapter IV – Customer Guidance and Protection 21 Chapter V – Financial Inclusion and Accessibility 37 Chapter VI – Payment and Remittance Services 45 Chapter VII – Deposit and Other Liabilities 51 Chapter VIII – Responsible Lending Conduct 89 Chapter IX – Miscellaneous 121 Chapter X – Repeal and Other Provisions 123 Annex I - Format of Comprehensive Notice Board 125 Annex II - Rates at a Quick Glance 127 Annex III - Forms for inventory 132 Annex IV - Settlement of Claims 135 Annex V - Claim form for Accounts with nominee / survivorship clause 142 Annex VI - Claim form for Accounts without nominee / survivorship clause 146 Annex VII - Bond of indemnity / Surety for Deposit accounts 151 Annex VIII - Letter of disclaimer / No objection 154 Annex IX - Declaration / Affidavit 156 Annex X - Inventory form and Acknowledgement for Safe Deposit Lockers 158 Annex XI - Inventory form for Articles in Safe Custody 161 Annex XII - Bond of indemnity with respect to delivery of contents of Safe deposit locker / Articles kept in Safe Custody 163 Annex XIII - Key Facts Statement 165
RBI/DOR/2025-26/171 DOR.ORG.REC.No.90/21-04-158/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Managing Risks in Outsourcing) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents CHAPTER I – PRELIMINARY 4 A. Short Title and Commencement 4 B. Applicability and Scope 4 C. Definitions 8 CHAPTER II – ROLE OF THE BOARD 9 A. Board-Approved Policy
RBI/DOR/2025-26/171 DOR.ORG.REC.No.90/21-04-158/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Managing Risks in Outsourcing) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents CHAPTER I – PRELIMINARY 4 A. Short Title and Commencement 4 B. Applicability and Scope 4 C. Definitions 8 CHAPTER II – ROLE OF THE BOARD 9 A. Board-Approved Policy
RBI/DOR/2025-26/172 DOR.SFG.REC.No.91/30.01.021/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Climate Finance and Management of Climate Change Risks) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II – Role of the Board 5 Chapter III – Framework for Acceptance of Green Deposits 6 A. Policy 6 B. Denomination, interest rates and tenor of deposits 6 C. Financing Framework 7 D. Use of Proceeds 8 E. Third-Party Verification / Assurance 10 F. Impact Assessment 10 G. Reporting and Disclosures 11 Chapter IV – Repeal and other provisions 13 A. Repeal and saving 13 B. Application of other laws not barred 13 C. Interpretations 13
RBI/DOR/2025-26/172 DOR.SFG.REC.No.91/30.01.021/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks - Climate Finance and Management of Climate Change Risks) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II – Role of the Board 5 Chapter III – Framework for Acceptance of Green Deposits 6 A. Policy 6 B. Denomination, interest rates and tenor of deposits 6 C. Financing Framework 7 D. Use of Proceeds 8 E. Third-Party Verification / Assurance 10 F. Impact Assessment 10 G. Reporting and Disclosures 11 Chapter IV – Repeal and other provisions 13 A. Repeal and saving 13 B. Application of other laws not barred 13 C. Interpretations 13
RBI/DoR/2025-26/173 DoR.MRG.REC.92/00-00-003/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Forthcoming Instructions) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 D. Scope 4 Chapter II - Computing Exposure for Counterparty Credit Risk arising from Derivative Transactions
RBI/DoR/2025-26/173 DoR.MRG.REC.92/00-00-003/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Forthcoming Instructions) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 D. Scope 4 Chapter II - Computing Exposure for Counterparty Credit Risk arising from Derivative Transactions
RBI/DOR/2025-26/174 DOR.SOG(SPE).REC.No.93/13-04-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Miscellaneous) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 4 A. Short Title and Commencement 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II – Role of the Board 6 A. Board Approved Policies
RBI/DOR/2025-26/174 DOR.SOG(SPE).REC.No.93/13-04-001/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Commercial Banks – Miscellaneous) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 4 A. Short Title and Commencement 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II – Role of the Board 6 A. Board Approved Policies
RBI/2025-26/228 DOR.SOG(SPE).REC.147/13.03.00/ 2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I : Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Objective 3 C. Applicability 3 D. Definitions 3 Chapter II : General Guidelines (Interest Rate Framework) 6 Chapter III : Domestic Rupee Deposits 8 A. Interest Rate on Domestic Current Account 8 B. Interest Rate on Domestic Savings Deposit 8 C. Interest Rate on Domestic Term Deposits 8 D. Payment of Additional Interest on Domestic Deposits 9 E. Interest on Overdue Domestic Deposits 10 F. Floating Rate Domestic Term Deposits 11 G. Periodicity of Payment of Interest on Domestic Savings Deposit 11 H. Interest Payable on the Domestic Deposit Account of Deceased Depositor 11 I. Discretion to pay interest on the minimum credit balance in the composite cash credit account of a farmer 11 J. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Domestic Term Deposit 11 Chapter IV : Rupee Deposits of Non-Residents 13 A. Interest Rate on Rupee Deposits - Non-Residents 13 B. Prohibition on Marking Lien 14 C. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Non-Resident External (NRE) Deposits 14 D. Interest Payable on the Non-Resident External (NRE) Term Deposit Account of Deceased Depositor 14 Chapter V : Foreign Currency Deposits 15 A. Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) Scheme 15 B. Manner of Calculation of Interest on Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits 16 C. Calculation of Interest on Renewal of Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits 16 D. Interest Payable on the Deposit of a Deceased Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Depositor 17 E. Payment of Interest on Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) on Return to India 17 F. Conversion of Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Accounts of Returning Indians into Resident Foreign Currency (RFC) Accounts / Resident Rupee Accounts - Payment of Interest 18 G. Premature Withdrawal of Foreign Currency Deposits 18 H. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Foreign Curency Deposits 18 I. Resident Foreign Currency Accounts Scheme 19 Chapter VI : Prohibitions and Exemptions 20 A. Prohibitions 20 B. Exemptions 21 SCHEDULE- I 22 Chapter VII : Repeal and Other Provisions 23 A. Repeal and saving 23 B. Application of other laws not barred 23 C. Interpretations 23 In exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 21 and 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified.
RBI/2025-26/228 DOR.SOG(SPE).REC.147/13.03.00/ 2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Interest Rate on Deposits) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I : Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Objective 3 C. Applicability 3 D. Definitions 3 Chapter II : General Guidelines (Interest Rate Framework) 6 Chapter III : Domestic Rupee Deposits 8 A. Interest Rate on Domestic Current Account 8 B. Interest Rate on Domestic Savings Deposit 8 C. Interest Rate on Domestic Term Deposits 8 D. Payment of Additional Interest on Domestic Deposits 9 E. Interest on Overdue Domestic Deposits 10 F. Floating Rate Domestic Term Deposits 11 G. Periodicity of Payment of Interest on Domestic Savings Deposit 11 H. Interest Payable on the Domestic Deposit Account of Deceased Depositor 11 I. Discretion to pay interest on the minimum credit balance in the composite cash credit account of a farmer 11 J. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Domestic Term Deposit 11 Chapter IV : Rupee Deposits of Non-Residents 13 A. Interest Rate on Rupee Deposits - Non-Residents 13 B. Prohibition on Marking Lien 14 C. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Non-Resident External (NRE) Deposits 14 D. Interest Payable on the Non-Resident External (NRE) Term Deposit Account of Deceased Depositor 14 Chapter V : Foreign Currency Deposits 15 A. Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) Scheme 15 B. Manner of Calculation of Interest on Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits 16 C. Calculation of Interest on Renewal of Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits 16 D. Interest Payable on the Deposit of a Deceased Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Depositor 17 E. Payment of Interest on Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Deposits of Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) on Return to India 17 F. Conversion of Foreign Currency (Non-Resident) Accounts (Banks) {FCNR(B)} Accounts of Returning Indians into Resident Foreign Currency (RFC) Accounts / Resident Rupee Accounts - Payment of Interest 18 G. Premature Withdrawal of Foreign Currency Deposits 18 H. Penalty on Premature Withdrawal of Foreign Curency Deposits 18 I. Resident Foreign Currency Accounts Scheme 19 Chapter VI : Prohibitions and Exemptions 20 A. Prohibitions 20 B. Exemptions 21 SCHEDULE- I 22 Chapter VII : Repeal and Other Provisions 23 A. Repeal and saving 23 B. Application of other laws not barred 23 C. Interpretations 23 In exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 21 and 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified.
RBI/ 2025-26/229 DOR.CRE.REC.No. /07-01-003/2025-26 XX, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Chapter I - Preliminary 4 A. Short Title and Commencement 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 7 A. Role of Board 7 Chapter III - Digital Lending 8 A. General Requirements for bank-LSP Arrangements 8 B. Conduct and Customer Protection Requirements 9 C. Technology and Data Requirement 13 D. Reporting of Credit Information and DLAs 14 E. Loss sharing arrangement in case of default 16 F. General Provisions 20 Chapter IV - Lending against Gold and Silver Collateral 22 A. General Provisions 22 B. Restrictions and Ceilings 23 C. Valuation and Assaying of Gold and Silver collateral 24 D. Loan to Value Ratio (LTV) 24 E. Other Provisions 25 Chapter V - Microfinance 27 A. Definition of Microfinance 27 B. Assessment of Household Income 27 C. Limit on Loan Repayment Obligations of a Household 29 D. Other provisions 30 Chapter VI - Non-Fund Based (NFB) Credit Facilities 31 A. General Conditions 31 B. Guarantees 32 C. Usage of electronic-Guarantee 33 D. Guarantee favouring another RE and Timely Payment of Invoked Guarantee 35 E. Co-acceptances 35 F. Guarantee and related business involving overseas current or capital account transaction 35 Chapter VII - Credit Facility to Real Estate Sector 37 A. Quantum of Loan 37 Chapter VIII - Repeal and other provisions 38 A. Repeal and saving 38 B. Application of other laws not barred 38 C. Interpretations 38 Annex - I 40 Introduction Reserve Bank of India (Reserve Bank) is statutorily mandated to operate the credit system of the country to its advantage. In pursuit of this mandate, the Reserve Bank encourages innovation in the financial systems, credit products and delivery mechanisms while ensuring orderly growth, financial stability and the protection of depositors’ and borrowers’ interest. With the progressive deregulation of bank credit, prudential norms primarily serve as regulatory safeguards.
RBI/ 2025-26/229 DOR.CRE.REC.No. /07-01-003/2025-26 XX, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Chapter I - Preliminary 4 A. Short Title and Commencement 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 7 A. Role of Board 7 Chapter III - Digital Lending 8 A. General Requirements for bank-LSP Arrangements 8 B. Conduct and Customer Protection Requirements 9 C. Technology and Data Requirement 13 D. Reporting of Credit Information and DLAs 14 E. Loss sharing arrangement in case of default 16 F. General Provisions 20 Chapter IV - Lending against Gold and Silver Collateral 22 A. General Provisions 22 B. Restrictions and Ceilings 23 C. Valuation and Assaying of Gold and Silver collateral 24 D. Loan to Value Ratio (LTV) 24 E. Other Provisions 25 Chapter V - Microfinance 27 A. Definition of Microfinance 27 B. Assessment of Household Income 27 C. Limit on Loan Repayment Obligations of a Household 29 D. Other provisions 30 Chapter VI - Non-Fund Based (NFB) Credit Facilities 31 A. General Conditions 31 B. Guarantees 32 C. Usage of electronic-Guarantee 33 D. Guarantee favouring another RE and Timely Payment of Invoked Guarantee 35 E. Co-acceptances 35 F. Guarantee and related business involving overseas current or capital account transaction 35 Chapter VII - Credit Facility to Real Estate Sector 37 A. Quantum of Loan 37 Chapter VIII - Repeal and other provisions 38 A. Repeal and saving 38 B. Application of other laws not barred 38 C. Interpretations 38 Annex - I 40 Introduction Reserve Bank of India (Reserve Bank) is statutorily mandated to operate the credit system of the country to its advantage. In pursuit of this mandate, the Reserve Bank encourages innovation in the financial systems, credit products and delivery mechanisms while ensuring orderly growth, financial stability and the protection of depositors’ and borrowers’ interest. With the progressive deregulation of bank credit, prudential norms primarily serve as regulatory safeguards.
RBI/2025-26/230 DOR.AUT.REC.No.149/ 24-01-041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Debit Cards: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Board Approved Policy and Procedures 4 Chapter III – Issue of Debit Card by Banks 5 Chapter IV – Form Factor 6 Chapter V – Co-branding Arrangement 7 Chapter VI – General Guidelines for Debit Cards 9 Chapter VII – Repeal and Other Provisions 14 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks - Debit Card: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025. 2. These Directions shall come into force with immediate effect.
RBI/2025-26/230 DOR.AUT.REC.No.149/ 24-01-041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Debit Cards: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Board Approved Policy and Procedures 4 Chapter III – Issue of Debit Card by Banks 5 Chapter IV – Form Factor 6 Chapter V – Co-branding Arrangement 7 Chapter VI – General Guidelines for Debit Cards 9 Chapter VII – Repeal and Other Provisions 14 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks - Debit Card: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025. 2. These Directions shall come into force with immediate effect.
RBI/ 2025-26/232 DOR.CRE.REC.151/07-02-003/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 6 Chapter III - Statutory Restrictions 7 Chapter IV - Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE) 11 Chapter V - Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) for Borrowers 17 Chapter VI - Valuation of Properties - Empanelment of Valuers 19 Chapter VII - Filing of Security Interest relating to Immovable (other than equitable mortgage), Movable, and Intangible Assets in CERSAI 21 Chapter VIII - Repeal and other provisions 23 Annex I 25 Introduction Local Area Banks (LABs), in the course of financial intermediation, are exposed to various financial and non-financial risks, of which credit risk is the one of the most significant risks. If not managed effectively, credit risk may have ramifications for a range of other risk categories too. As credit exposures of LABs encompass varied sectors, borrower types and products with their own idiosyncratic complexities as well as systemic implications due to interconnectedness among themselves, credit risk management of LABs involve a range of prudential tools, including statutory and regulatory restrictions / prohibitions on certain activities. Recognising this, the Reserve Bank has, from time to time, issued guidelines to strengthen credit risk management practices. Accordingly, in exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 20, 21 and 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (hereinafter called the Reserve Bank) in this regard, Reserve Bank being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby issues these Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I - Preliminary A. Short title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 2. These Directions shall come into effect immediately upon issuance.
RBI/ 2025-26/232 DOR.CRE.REC.151/07-02-003/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 6 Chapter III - Statutory Restrictions 7 Chapter IV - Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE) 11 Chapter V - Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) for Borrowers 17 Chapter VI - Valuation of Properties - Empanelment of Valuers 19 Chapter VII - Filing of Security Interest relating to Immovable (other than equitable mortgage), Movable, and Intangible Assets in CERSAI 21 Chapter VIII - Repeal and other provisions 23 Annex I 25 Introduction Local Area Banks (LABs), in the course of financial intermediation, are exposed to various financial and non-financial risks, of which credit risk is the one of the most significant risks. If not managed effectively, credit risk may have ramifications for a range of other risk categories too. As credit exposures of LABs encompass varied sectors, borrower types and products with their own idiosyncratic complexities as well as systemic implications due to interconnectedness among themselves, credit risk management of LABs involve a range of prudential tools, including statutory and regulatory restrictions / prohibitions on certain activities. Recognising this, the Reserve Bank has, from time to time, issued guidelines to strengthen credit risk management practices. Accordingly, in exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 20, 21 and 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (hereinafter called the Reserve Bank) in this regard, Reserve Bank being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby issues these Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I - Preliminary A. Short title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 2. These Directions shall come into effect immediately upon issuance.
RBI/2025-26/237 DOR.LRG.No.156/13-10-009/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II – Role of Board 5 A. Responsibilities of the Board 5 B. Approval of policies, limits, and reviews 5 Chapter III – Asset Liability Management 6 A. Introduction 6 B. ALM Information Systems 6 C. ALM Organisation 7 D. ALM Process 8 Chapter IV – Liquidity Risk Management 9 A. Management of Liquidity Risk 9 B. Structural Liquidity Statement (SLS) 9 C. Short -Term Dynamic Liquidity (STDL) statement 10 D. Monitoring of Liquidity 10 Chapter V – Currency Risk Management 12 Chapter VI – Interest Rate Risk (IRR) Management 13 A. Introduction 13 B. Traditional Gap Analysis 13 C. Interest Rate Sensitivity (IRS) Statement 13 Chapter VII – Miscellaneous 15 A. Behavioural Patterns and Embedded Options 15 B. Internal Transfer Pricing (ITP) 15 Chapter VIII – Monitoring and Reporting 16 A. Preparation and Review of Statements 16 B. Regulatory Reporting and Periodicity of Returns 16 Chapter IX – Repeal and Other Provisions 17 A. Repeal and Saving 17 B. Application of other laws not barred 17 C. Interpretations 17 Annex – I: Structural Liquidity Statement 19 Annex – II: Short-term Dynamic Liquidity statement 23 Annex – III: Interest Rate Sensitivity Statement 25 Annex-IV: Maturity Profile – Liquidity 28 Annex V- Interest Rate Sensitivity 32 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, the RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025. 2. These Directions shall become effective from the date of issue.
RBI/2025-26/237 DOR.LRG.No.156/13-10-009/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II – Role of Board 5 A. Responsibilities of the Board 5 B. Approval of policies, limits, and reviews 5 Chapter III – Asset Liability Management 6 A. Introduction 6 B. ALM Information Systems 6 C. ALM Organisation 7 D. ALM Process 8 Chapter IV – Liquidity Risk Management 9 A. Management of Liquidity Risk 9 B. Structural Liquidity Statement (SLS) 9 C. Short -Term Dynamic Liquidity (STDL) statement 10 D. Monitoring of Liquidity 10 Chapter V – Currency Risk Management 12 Chapter VI – Interest Rate Risk (IRR) Management 13 A. Introduction 13 B. Traditional Gap Analysis 13 C. Interest Rate Sensitivity (IRS) Statement 13 Chapter VII – Miscellaneous 15 A. Behavioural Patterns and Embedded Options 15 B. Internal Transfer Pricing (ITP) 15 Chapter VIII – Monitoring and Reporting 16 A. Preparation and Review of Statements 16 B. Regulatory Reporting and Periodicity of Returns 16 Chapter IX – Repeal and Other Provisions 17 A. Repeal and Saving 17 B. Application of other laws not barred 17 C. Interpretations 17 Annex – I: Structural Liquidity Statement 19 Annex – II: Short-term Dynamic Liquidity statement 23 Annex – III: Interest Rate Sensitivity Statement 25 Annex-IV: Maturity Profile – Liquidity 28 Annex V- Interest Rate Sensitivity 32 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, the RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025. 2. These Directions shall become effective from the date of issue.
Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II - General Instructions 7 A. Role of the Board 7 B. Prudence in Lending and Consumer Education 7 C. Disclosure Requirements 10 Chapter III - Asset Classification 11 A. General Instructions on Asset Classification 11 B. Classification as non-performing asset 12 C. Accounts regularised near about the balance sheet date 14 D. Specific cases of asset classification 14 E. Categories of non-performing assets 20 F. Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs 21 Chapter IV - Provisioning Norms 22 A. General Principles for Provisioning 22 B. Provisions in respect of Standard assets 22 C. Provisions in respect of substandard assets 24 D. Provisions in respect of Doubtful Assets 24 E. Provisions in respect of Loss Assets 25 F. Prudential norms on creation and utilisation of floating provisions 25 G. Additional Provisions at higher than prescribed rates 26 H. Provisions under Special Circumstances 27 I. Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) 32 Chapter V - Income Recognition 33 A. General Principles for Income Recognition 33 B. Reversal of income upon classification as NPA 33 C. Interest application after NPA classification 34 D. Appropriation of recovery from NPAs 34 E. Income recognition in special cases 34 F. Tax treatment in respect of provisions 36 Chapter VI
Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II - General Instructions 7 A. Role of the Board 7 B. Prudence in Lending and Consumer Education 7 C. Disclosure Requirements 10 Chapter III - Asset Classification 11 A. General Instructions on Asset Classification 11 B. Classification as non-performing asset 12 C. Accounts regularised near about the balance sheet date 14 D. Specific cases of asset classification 14 E. Categories of non-performing assets 20 F. Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs 21 Chapter IV - Provisioning Norms 22 A. General Principles for Provisioning 22 B. Provisions in respect of Standard assets 22 C. Provisions in respect of substandard assets 24 D. Provisions in respect of Doubtful Assets 24 E. Provisions in respect of Loss Assets 25 F. Prudential norms on creation and utilisation of floating provisions 25 G. Additional Provisions at higher than prescribed rates 26 H. Provisions under Special Circumstances 27 I. Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) 32 Chapter V - Income Recognition 33 A. General Principles for Income Recognition 33 B. Reversal of income upon classification as NPA 33 C. Interest application after NPA classification 34 D. Appropriation of recovery from NPAs 34 E. Income recognition in special cases 34 F. Tax treatment in respect of provisions 36 Chapter VI
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