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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories:

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : August 22, 2025

Item As on Aug. 15, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 6086782 695106 5652 1488 374642 26780 422705 20442
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 5130564 585903 10649 1924 279730 18345 164105 -5666
1.2 Gold 750161 85667 -5230 -493 81999 7491 245567 25564
1.3 SDRs 164467 18782 162 41 9177 613 10484 441
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 41591 4754 70 15 3735 331 2549 104
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); (c) amounts lent under SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements; and (d) RBI’s contribution to funding of Nexus Global Payments.

Date : August 22, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
2025 Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2024-25 2025-26 2024 2025
Mar. 31 Aug. 15 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4829243 4951207 35997 0.7 23913 0.5 121964 2.5 175916 3.9 295847 6.4
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3724448 3826234 9067 0.2 5400 0.2 101786 2.7 195598 5.9 309373 8.8
1.2 Bankers' deposits with RBI 991488 1015400 27079 2.7 21195 2.1 23911 2.4 -38762 -3.6 -31244 -3.0
1.3 'Other' deposits with RBI 113307 109574 -148 -0.1 -2681 -2.8 -3733 -3.3 19079 26.2 17719 19.3
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1508105 1642610 27373   -78563   134504   -118804   527960  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1475460 1608522 36035   -98729   133062   -130228   520596  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks and Commercial Sector -119015 -305800 4904   -107020   -186785   -124407   -152633  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -157261 -318970 4159   -103217   -161709   -129849   -155200  
2.3 Net foreign exchange assets of RBI 5550947 5910984 5266 0.1 267716 5.1 360036 6.5 731866 15.3 402185 7.3
2.4 Government's currency liabilities to the public 36632 38057     874 2.6 1426 3.9 3158 10.1 3751 10.9
2.5 Net non-monetary liabilities of RBI 2147427 2334644 1546 0.1 59094 3.3 187217 8.7 315896 20.6 485416 26.2

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