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03 मई 2023 को प्रकाशित

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पीडीएफ (1517672)

Sr. No.
Chapter I : The Climate Strikes Back
1.	Introduction
2.	Global Manifestation of Climate Change
3.	Climate Policy Action
4.	India’s Involvement in Global Climate Change and Action
5.	Climate Change and the Reserve Bank of India
6.	Concluding Observations
Chapter II : Macroeconomic Effects of Climate Change In India
1.	Introduction
2.	India’s Exposure to Climate Shocks
3.	Manifestation of Climate Change in India
4.	Macroeconomic Impact of Climate Change in India
5.	India’s Transition Towards Net Zero
6.	Sectoral Green Transition Challenges
7.	Concluding Observations
Chapter III : Climate Change and Financial Sector
1.	Introduction
2.	Financial Risks due to Climate Change
3.	Modelling the Macro-Financial Transmission of Climate Risk
4.	Stakeholders’ Survey on Financial Risks
5.	Climate Stress Test for Indian Banks
6.	Green Financing Requirement
7.	Mitigation of Financial Risks
8.	Concluding Observations
Chapter IV : Policy Options to Mitigate Climate Risks
1.	Introduction
2.	Fiscal Policy Initiatives
3.	Innovation and Technology Adoption
4.	Trade Policy
5.	Regulatory Measures
6.	Market-based Solutions
7.	Monetary Policy
8.	Nudging Behavioural Change
9.	Impact of Policy Interventions on Reducing Carbon Emissions: A Scenario Analysis
10.	Concluding Observations

LIST OF BOXES
Sr. No.
I.1	Decoupling of Global Growth and GHG Emissions
I.2	International Climate Equity and Justice: Some Analytical Insights
I.3	Implications of Climate Risk Factors for Indian Agriculture
I.4	Energy Transition Scenarios for India
II.1	Economic Impact of Cyclone Amphan on the Coastal Districts of West Bengal and Odisha
II.2	Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Emissions: The Trade-offs
II.3	Climate Change Impact on GDP – A Comparative Assessment
III.1	Measuring Indian Banks’ Transition Risk using an Energy Intensity Metric
III.2	Role of NBFCs in Propagating Climate Change Impact
III.3	Climate Risk Impact Assessment in a DSGE Model for India
III.4	Performance of ESG Indices vis-à-vis Broad Market Indices
IV.1	Emerging Market (EM) Green Bonds: The Significance of Greenium
IV.2	Innovation for Sustainable Energy Transition
IV.3	Green PLI – Exploring India’s Export Potential in Climate Friendly Goods (CFGs)
IV.4	Carbon Emissions Embedded in International Trade – India’s Perspective
IV.5	Do Indian Companies Walk the Talk on ESG?

LIST OF TABLES
Sr. No.
I.1	Bai-Perron Structural Breaks in GCCI
I.2	Cumulative CO₂ Emissions: India vis-à-vis World
I.3	India’s Action Related to Climate Change
II.1	Sector-wise Share in GVA and CO₂ Emission Intensity (2018-19) In India
II.2	Onset and Withdrawal of Monsoon in India
II.3	Difference-in-Difference Panel Data Results
II.4	Scenario Assumptions
II.5	Energy Transition and GHG Emissions Towards Net Zero by 2070 vis-a-vis 2021-22
II.6	Electricity Tariff in India in 2021-22
II.7	Plant-level Levelised Cost of Electricity (LCOE) Calculation
II.8	Transport Sector - Energy Consumption and Emission (2019)
II.9	Manufacturing Firms in India: Energy Intensity, Output and Emissions
II.10	Share of Fuels in Indian Manufacturing Sector
II.11	Fuel Usage in Indian Manufacturing Sector (2019-20)
III.1	Projected Estimates of Green Finance Requirements
IV.1	Step-wise Considerations for Implementing a Carbon Tax
IV.2	Carbon Tax and ETS: Advantages and Disadvantages
IV.3	Carbon Pricing Mechanism in Emerging Market Economies
IV.4	Emissions Trading Model in Surat
IV.5	Machine Learning and its Deployment for Climate Change Solutions
IV.6	Digital Tools Used for Promoting Energy Efficiency
IV.7	Environmental Provisions in Most of the Global PTAs
IV.8	Composition of State Energy and Climate Index (SECI)

LIST OF CHARTS
Sr. No.
I.1	Estimated Global Temperature Over Past 500 Million Years
I.2	Causes of Recent Global Warming
I.3	Historical GHG Emissions
I.4	Global Mean Surface Temperature Anomaly
I.5	Ocean Heat Content and Sea Level Rise
I.6	Global Ocean Acidification
I.7	Ice and Glacier Balance
I.8	Global Precipitation Anomaly
I.9	Evolution of Climate Change
I.10	Global Climate Change and Disaster Events
I.11	Target Year of Commitment for Countries
I.12	Number of Net Zero Pledges and Share of Global CO₂ Emissions Covered
I.13	Number of Reported Deaths Due to Weather-Related Calamities
I.14	Change in Global CO₂ Emissions and GDP
I.15	Global Carbon Emission Paths
I.16	Global Temperature Rise over Pre-Industrial Average
I.17	Mobilisation of Climate Finance from Developed to Developing Countries
I.18	Use of Climate Finance
I.19	Reported Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Hazards
I.20	Global Carbon Tax Coverage
I.21	Global ETS Coverage
I.22	Annual Surface Temperature Anomaly (Compared to baseline 1950 to 1980)
I.23	Change in Surface Air Temperature over the Indian Region
I.24	Climate Change-Related Disaster Frequency (Number of Events)
I.25	Per Capita CO₂ Emissions
I.26	Energy Intensity of GDP
I.27	Climate Change Performance Index, Select Countries
I.28	Share of Electricity Production from Fossil Fuels
I.29	Impact of Climate Risk on Monetary Transmission
I.30	Average Carbon Footprint of Bank Loans in Select Countries
II.1	Risks Emanating from Climate Change across Geographical Regions in India
II.2	Sectoral Composition in GVA and CO2 Emissions in India
II.3	Share of Fossil Fuel and Non-Fossil Fuel based Energy Sources in India’s Energy Consumption
II.4	India’s Energy-Mix at A Disaggregated Level
II.5	Average Annual Temperature in India
II.6	Minimum and Maximum Temperature in India
II.7	Global and Indian Temperature Anomaly
II.8	Mean Temperature and Anomaly from Normal Temperature
II.9	Total Rainfall and Rainfall Departure from LPA
II.10	Frequency of Unseasonal Rains and Heatwaves in India
II.11	Frequency and Intensity of Cyclonic Storms in India during 1901-2022
II.12	Spatial Distribution and Frequency of Severe Cyclones
II.13	Frequency of Drought/Flood Years in the Indian Coastal States during 1951-2021
II.14	Number of Natural Disasters in India
II.15	Total Foodgrains Production in India
II.16	Contribution of TOP to Headline and Food Inflation Volatility
II.17	Existing Path of the Kaya Factors
II.18	Estimated GHG Emissions - Scenarios
II.19	GHG Emissions Modelled Pathways for India as per the Climate Action Tracker
II.20	Impact on India’s GDP
II.21	Combined Impact of Physical and Transition Risks on India’s GDP
II.22	Impact on India’s Inflation
II.23	Combined Impact of Physical and Transition Risks on India's Inflation
II.24	CO₂ Intensity of Electricity Grids (2019)
II.25	Passenger and Freight Movements by Modes of Transport
II.26	EV Registrations in India
II.27	Decomposition of Energy Use Transition
III.1	Physical and Transition Risk Indicators
III.2	Bank Credit to Green vis-à-vis Brown Industries
III.3	GNPAs of Green vis-à-vis Brown Industries
III.4	Sectoral Distribution of NBFC Credit
III.5	Respondents’ Affiliation
III.6	Source of Climate Threat
III.7	Sectoral Exposure to Climate Risk
III.8	Comparison of Climate and Non-Climate Stress Test Methodologies
III.9	Studies on Climate Stress Tests for Physical Risks
III.10	Studies on Climate Stress Tests for Transition Risks
III.11	Climate Beta
III.12	Climate Stress Test: PSBs vis-à-vis PVBs
III.13	Bank Credit to Non-Conventional Energy Sector
III.14	Spatial Distribution of Bank Credit to Non-conventional Energy
III.15	Taxonomy as a policy instrument to achieve high-level sustainability goals
III.16	Corporate and Government Green Bonds by Country
III.17	Issuer-wise Break up of Green Bonds Issued in India (per cent)
III.18	Non-life Insurance in India vis-à-vis World
IV.1	Summary Map of Carbon Pricing Initiatives
IV.2	Tax Revenues from Non-Renewable Energy
IV.3	Countries with Highest Subsidies on Non-renewable Energy
IV.4	CO₂ Emissions and Carbon Tax
IV.5	Sovereign Green Bond Issuances
IV.6	Cost and Use Trends of Various Energy Sources
IV.7	Net Electricity Production by Source (TWh)
IV.8	Mineral Intensity of Selected Clean and Fossil Energy Technologies
IV.9	Geographic Concentration of Selected Clean Energy Technologies by Supply Chain Stage and Country/Region, 2021
IV.10	Digitalization’s Potential Impact on Energy Demand Sectors
IV.11	Trade Imbalances in GHG Emissions
IV.12	Sector-Wise CSR Expenditure
IV.13	CSR Expenditure by Companies
IV.14	States Ranking and Score in SECI
IV.15	Sectoral Average ESG Score
IV.16	Relationship between Market Capitalisation and ESG Score
IV.17	ESG Funds in India
IV.18	Private Capital Assets Management
IV.19	Scenario Analysis for CO₂ Emission Reduction

ANNEX
Sr. No.
I.1	Major Global Interventions for Climate Change
I.2	Climate Policies Being Implemented in Select Countries
II.1	The NIGEM Model – Key Features
III.1	Methodology and Underlying Assumptions for Measurement of Green Finance Requirements