मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं का सर्वेक्षण

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06 जून 2019 को प्रकाशित

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मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं का सर्वेक्षण

आज, रिजर्व बैंक ने मई 2019 चक्र के मुद्रास्फीति पर घरेलू अपेक्षाओं के सर्वेक्षण (IESH)¹ के परिणाम जारी किए। सर्वेक्षण 18 प्रमुख शहरों में आयोजित किया गया था और इसके परिणाम 5,714 शहरी परिवारों के प्रत्युत्तरों पर आधारित हैं।

विशेष:

i. जहाँ तीन महीने आगे के परिवारों की मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति अपेक्षाओं में 20 आधार अंकों की गिरावट आई है, एक साल आगे की मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति की अपेक्षाएँ मार्च 2019 के दौर से अपरिवर्तित रहीं (चार्ट 1 a, 1 b, तालिका 2); तीन महीने आगे और एक साल आगे की मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति अपेक्षाएँ सितंबर 2018 के दौर के बाद से गिरावट पर है।

ii. वर्तमान के लिए मेडियन मुद्रास्फीति की धारणाओं में 30 आधार अंकों की गिरावट के कारण, सर्वेक्षण के इस चक्र में परिवारों की मौजूदा मुद्रास्फीति धारणाओं और पहले संदर्भित किए गए दोनों समय क्षितिज के लिए भविष्य के लिए अपेक्षाओं के बीच की अंतर चौड़ी हो गई।

iii. परिवारों का एक बढ़ा हुआ अनुपात तीन महीने आगे और एक साल आगे दोनों के लिए विभिन्न उत्पाद समूहों में मूल्य वृद्धि की उच्च दर की उम्मीद करता है (तालिका 1a, 1b)।

नोट: कृपया समय श्रृंखला डेटा के लिए एक्सेल फ़ाइल देखें।

Table 1(a): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for Three Months ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended	May-18	Nov-18		Dec-18		Mar-19		May-19
General		Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
Prices will increase	82.3	77.9	0.91	72.9	1.04	74.8	1.02	78.3	1.01
Price increase more than current rate	50.5	47.4	1.12	46.2	1.14	44.1	1.08	50.0	1.22
Price increase similar to current rate	25.1	25.6	1.00	23.3	0.96	26.9	0.97	25.6	1.01
Price increase less than current rate	6.7	4.9	0.59	3.4	0.39	3.8	0.41	2.8	0.32
No changes in prices	16.0	19.2	0.87	21.2	0.98	21.9	0.98	18.4	0.96
Decline in prices	1.7	2.9	0.33	5.8	0.46	3.4	0.36	3.3	0.35
Food Product
Prices will increase	82.0	77.2	0.89	70.7	0.98	73.7	0.96	78.5	0.87
Price increase more than current rate	48.3	46.4	1.03	42.7	1.08	43.6	1.06	48.5	1.13
Price increase similar to current rate	24.5	23.6	0.91	22.4	0.87	24.1	0.88	24.7	0.94
Price increase less than current rate	9.3	7.3	0.63	5.7	0.48	6.0	0.49	5.4	0.46
No changes in prices	13.5	16.9	0.81	17.2	0.79	17.5	0.84	15.0	0.77
Decline in prices	4.5	5.9	0.46	12.0	0.65	8.8	0.56	6.5	0.47
Non- Food Product
Prices will increase	78.4	75.8	0.90	67.6	1.00	71.3	0.94	75.8	0.91
Price increase more than current rate	45.8	45.2	1.07	40.8	1.08	41.0	1.02	45.2	1.15
Price increase similar to current rate	24.0	24.1	0.94	21.6	0.89	24.5	0.86	25.3	0.91
Price increase less than current rate	8.6	6.5	0.61	5.3	0.47	5.7	0.48	5.4	0.44
No changes in prices	18.1	18.5	0.79	20.5	0.85	21.9	0.87	18.1	0.81
Decline in prices	3.6	5.8	0.48	11.9	0.63	6.8	0.47	6.0	0.47
Household Durables
Prices will increase	63.2	57.9	1.06	56.8	1.08	59.5	1.05	61.3	1.12
Price increase more than current rate	36.7	33.8	1.03	34.8	1.08	35.2	0.99	37.0	1.12
Price increase similar to current rate	19.9	18.9	0.80	17.9	0.85	19.3	0.79	19.9	0.85
Price increase less than current rate	6.6	5.2	0.50	4.1	0.39	5.0	0.41	4.3	0.41
No changes in prices	26.8	29.7	0.98	24.8	0.91	27.7	0.96	27.2	1.01
Decline in prices	10.0	12.4	0.66	18.4	0.77	12.8	0.62	11.5	0.64
Cost of Housing
Prices will increase	71.6	68.7	0.96	69.1	1.03	68.1	0.98	70.9	1.06
Price increase more than current rate	47.6	44.5	1.05	46.5	1.06	44.2	0.97	46.9	1.13
Price increase similar to current rate	18.2	19.0	0.83	18.2	0.79	19.5	0.76	19.8	0.83
Price increase less than current rate	5.8	5.2	0.51	4.5	0.41	4.4	0.41	4.2	0.39
No changes in prices	20.8	23.7	0.88	22.2	0.94	22.4	0.88	21.7	0.96
Decline in prices	7.7	7.6	0.54	8.6	0.57	9.5	0.60	7.3	0.52
Cost of Services
Prices will increase	72.0	68.2	0.99	65.7	1.10	66.4	1.02	68.6	1.03
Price increase more than current rate	42.9	40.4	1.06	40.2	1.11	39.2	1.00	42.6	1.14
Price increase similar to current rate	22.6	22.4	0.86	21.2	0.82	21.9	0.84	21.7	0.89
Price increase less than current rate	6.6	5.3	0.48	4.3	0.41	5.3	0.45	4.3	0.41
No changes in prices	25.6	28.8	0.97	28.2	1.02	28.9	0.99	27.7	0.99
Decline in prices	2.4	3.0	0.35	6.1	0.45	4.7	0.42	3.8	0.37
1. The table provides estimates and standard errors for qualitative responses from the November 2018 round onwards. For earlier rounds, the results are based on sample proportions.
2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 1(b): Product-wise Expectations of Prices for One Year ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended	May-18	Nov-18		Dec-18		Mar-19		May-19
General		Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
Prices will increase	91.1	89.7	0.65	83.8	0.82	84.4	0.90	86.3	0.77
Price increase more than current rate	62.6	60.0	1.11	57.5	1.15	54.6	1.08	58.5	1.19
Price increase similar to current rate	23.4	26.4	0.97	23.3	1.00	26.6	0.93	24.9	1.03
Price increase less than current rate	5.0	3.4	0.43	3.0	0.37	3.2	0.38	3.0	0.32
No changes in prices	6.5	7.6	0.57	11.3	0.73	12.6	0.83	10.2	0.70
Decline in prices	2.4	2.7	0.33	4.9	0.43	3.0	0.33	3.5	0.37
Food Product
Prices will increase	85.6	85.4	0.73	80.0	0.82	80.1	0.87	83.1	0.76
Price increase more than current rate	53.4	52.3	1.14	50.6	1.08	47.2	1.06	50.4	1.19
Price increase similar to current rate	25.2	27.5	0.96	24.7	0.93	28.0	0.88	27.6	0.97
Price increase less than current rate	7.0	5.7	0.51	4.7	0.43	5.0	0.44	5.1	0.43
No changes in prices	9.4	9.4	0.60	12.1	0.68	14.0	0.76	11.4	0.64
Decline in prices	5.0	5.2	0.45	7.9	0.52	5.9	0.45	5.5	0.43
Non- Food Product
Prices will increase	82.7	82.4	0.78	76.4	0.92	78.2	0.89	81.3	0.81
Price increase more than current rate	51.1	51.6	1.10	47.5	1.09	45.7	1.05	49.7	1.18
Price increase similar to current rate	25.3	25.2	0.90	24.2	0.92	27.5	0.89	26.8	0.99
Price increase less than current rate	6.3	5.6	0.50	4.7	0.43	5.0	0.41	4.9	0.44
No changes in prices	13.2	12.7	0.68	15.8	0.78	16.9	0.80	13.7	0.72
Decline in prices	4.1	4.9	0.43	7.7	0.54	5.0	0.41	5.0	0.43
Household Durables
Prices will increase	72.5	70.1	0.98	66.9	1.02	68.3	0.99	68.8	1.04
Price increase more than current rate	45.2	43.0	1.10	42.0	1.09	41.3	1.02	42.9	1.14
Price increase similar to current rate	21.5	22.0	0.88	20.4	0.84	22.6	0.81	21.9	0.88
Price increase less than current rate	5.8	5.1	0.47	4.5	0.40	4.4	0.41	4.0	0.40
No changes in prices	19.2	20.4	0.85	20.1	0.91	21.9	0.89	21.5	0.91
Decline in prices	8.3	9.6	0.61	13.0	0.69	9.8	0.57	9.7	0.59
Cost of Housing
Prices will increase	79.8	80.6	0.79	79.6	0.85	77.6	0.86	79.8	0.84
Price increase more than current rate	55.2	53.8	1.04	55.9	1.00	51.0	1.01	54.3	1.05
Price increase similar to current rate	19.6	22.5	0.91	19.8	0.78	22.9	0.77	21.9	0.84
Price increase less than current rate	5.0	4.3	0.44	3.9	0.39	3.8	0.36	3.6	0.37
No changes in prices	13.9	13.3	0.68	13.7	0.74	15.2	0.75	14.3	0.77
Decline in prices	6.3	6.1	0.50	6.7	0.50	7.2	0.53	5.9	0.45
Cost of Services
Prices will increase	84.2	83.3	0.75	77.9	0.88	78.8	0.87	80.9	0.83
Price increase more than current rate	52.9	52.2	1.11	49.0	1.11	47.5	1.02	50.3	1.12
Price increase similar to current rate	24.4	25.7	0.92	24.1	0.90	26.4	0.87	25.3	0.94
Price increase less than current rate	6.9	5.4	0.48	4.8	0.44	4.8	0.42	5.3	0.49
No changes in prices	13.5	13.5	0.68	17.1	0.82	17.4	0.81	15.5	0.77
Decline in prices	2.4	3.1	0.34	5.0	0.44	3.9	0.37	3.6	0.36
1. The table provides estimates and standard errors for qualitative responses from the November 2018 round onwards. For earlier rounds, the results are based on sample proportions.
2. Constituent items may not add up to the corresponding total, due to rounding off.

Table 2: Inflation Expectations of Various Groups: May 2019

	Current Perception				Three Months ahead Expectation				One Year ahead Expectation
	Mean		Median		Mean		Median		Mean		Median
	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
Overall	7.8	0.10	6.6	0.15	8.6	0.10	7.6	0.12	8.4	0.12	8.1	0.16
Gender-wise
Male	7.8	0.13	6.6	0.16	8.5	0.13	7.5	0.16	8.3	0.16	7.8	0.20
Female	8.0	0.15	6.6	0.23	8.8	0.15	7.8	0.17	8.7	0.17	8.4	0.21
Category-wise
Financial Sector Employees	7.2	0.40	6.2	0.27	7.8	0.45	6.9	0.34	7.7	0.67	7.0	0.49
Other Employees	7.7	0.18	6.7	0.29	8.5	0.19	7.6	0.26	8.1	0.22	7.7	0.28
Self Employed	7.8	0.19	6.9	0.26	8.5	0.19	7.6	0.23	8.2	0.23	7.7	0.28
Homemaker	7.9	0.18	6.5	0.25	8.7	0.17	7.8	0.19	8.7	0.20	8.4	0.23
Retired Persons	8.3	0.33	7.3	0.55	9.2	0.34	8.8	0.69	8.9	0.40	8.9	0.84
Daily Workers	8.0	0.23	6.7	0.29	8.8	0.24	7.9	0.34	8.7	0.28	8.6	0.36
Other category	7.0	0.20	6.1	0.22	7.8	0.22	6.8	0.29	7.8	0.27	7.5	0.34
Age Group-wise
Up to 25 years	7.2	0.17	6.1	0.18	8.1	0.18	7.2	0.19	8.1	0.21	7.8	0.25
25 to 30 years	7.7	0.17	6.6	0.27	8.5	0.18	7.6	0.20	8.3	0.21	8.0	0.25
30 to 35 years	7.9	0.20	6.9	0.30	8.7	0.21	7.7	0.23	8.7	0.25	8.4	0.38
35 to 40 years	7.7	0.18	6.6	0.32	8.6	0.19	7.8	0.22	8.4	0.24	8.2	0.29
40 to 45 years	8.3	0.24	7.0	0.41	9.0	0.24	7.7	0.32	8.6	0.29	8.4	0.30
45 to 50 years	8.2	0.25	6.8	0.38	9.1	0.25	8.1	0.34	8.7	0.28	8.4	0.32
50 to 55 years	8.0	0.28	6.6	0.38	8.7	0.28	7.8	0.40	8.3	0.37	7.9	0.47
55 to 60 years	8.6	0.31	7.7	0.45	9.5	0.33	8.6	0.64	8.8	0.36	8.5	0.68
60 years and above	8.0	0.29	6.8	0.43	8.8	0.30	8.2	0.47	8.5	0.34	8.1	0.46
City-wise
Ahmedabad	7.2	0.33	6.4	0.43	8.2	0.29	7.6	0.32	7.5	0.37	7.5	0.34
Bengaluru	6.5	0.36	5.3	0.24	7.6	0.32	6.3	0.33	8.5	0.28	7.9	0.50
Bhopal	8.6	0.50	7.8	0.89	9.5	0.67	8.9	0.97	8.3	0.69	8.5	1.27
Bhubaneswar	5.6	0.66	5.1	0.37	6.7	0.77	6.1	0.52	7.9	0.73	7.5	0.61
Chennai	8.7	0.34	8.5	0.51	10.0	0.43	10.0	0.58	11.0	0.49	11.4	0.89
Delhi	7.0	0.20	5.9	0.15	7.5	0.22	6.6	0.29	7.0	0.27	6.6	0.40
Guwahati	5.8	0.52	5.2	0.38	5.7	0.50	5.1	0.52	5.6	0.59	5.2	0.53
Hyderabad	8.4	0.39	6.7	0.48	9.7	0.42	8.4	0.62	10.4	0.49	10.2	0.76
Jaipur	5.9	0.25	5.7	0.14	6.5	0.27	6.2	0.38	5.9	0.43	6.0	0.44
Kolkata	10.4	0.46	10.0	0.51	11.1	0.45	10.9	0.72	10.9	0.49	11.2	0.99
Lucknow	8.5	0.41	8.5	0.49	9.7	0.45	9.5	0.60	9.9	0.69	10.3	0.48
Mumbai	8.4	0.25	7.6	0.31	9.2	0.27	8.7	0.52	8.1	0.37	8.1	0.54
Nagpur	6.5	0.36	5.3	0.26	6.6	0.39	5.5	0.37	5.5	0.68	4.8	1.44
Patna	6.3	0.31	5.8	0.20	6.6	0.34	5.9	0.35	6.8	0.40	6.6	0.67
Thiruvananthapuram	6.0	0.61	5.3	0.35	7.4	0.65	6.8	0.71	9.5	0.86	9.1	1.02
Chandigarh	7.8	0.66	7.3	1.07	7.4	0.65	6.8	0.81	7.3	0.73	7.3	0.76
Ranchi	6.9	0.20	6.8	0.19	7.3	0.33	7.4	0.23	6.8	0.51	7.6	0.23
Raipur	7.9	0.48	6.9	1.08	6.8	0.62	6.1	0.79	5.0	0.96	3.2	1.95
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors for quantitative responses for the May 2019 round.

Table 3: Household Inflation Expectations – Current Perception, Three Months and One Year Ahead Expectations

	Current Perception				Three Months ahead Expectation				One Year ahead Expectation
	Mean		Median		Mean		Median		Mean		Median
	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE	Estimate	SE
May-18	8.7	--	7.9	--	9.4	--	8.7	--	9.7	--	9.9	--
Nov-18	9.1	0.11	8.2	0.18	9.7	0.12	9.0	0.22	9.6	0.12	9.8	0.25
Dec-18	8.3	0.11	7.1	0.18	9.1	0.11	8.2	0.15	8.6	0.13	8.5	0.17
Mar-19	8.0	0.09	6.9	0.14	8.7	0.10	7.8	0.12	8.3	0.12	8.1	0.17
May-19	7.8	0.10	6.6	0.15	8.6	0.10	7.6	0.12	8.4	0.12	8.1	0.16
‘--‘ Calculation of Standard Error was initiated from the September 2018 round onwards.
Note: The table provides estimates and standard errors for quantitative responses.

Table 4: Households Expecting General Price Movements in Coherence with Movements in Price Expectations of Various Product Groups: Three Months Ahead and One Year Ahead
(Percentage of Respondents)
Survey period ended	Food	Non-Food	Households durables	Housing	Cost of services
Three Months Ahead
May-18	67.5	65.6	56.6	60.0	65.0
Nov-18	65.6	66.8	56.5	61.4	66.2
Dec-18	62.9	64.0	55.3	62.4	64.3
Mar-19	62.6	62.3	54.9	58.8	63.4
May-19	66.4	65.4	56.8	62.0	66.2
One Year Ahead
Mar-18	72.4	70.8	62.5	67.4	72.1
Nov-18	73.5	72.3	62.7	67.7	73.2
Dec-18	72.5	71.7	62.5	70.3	72.9
Mar-19	70.2	68.8	61.8	66.0	69.9
May-19	71.6	71.3	62.7	70.7	72.5
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

Table 5(a): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and Three Months Ahead Inflation Expectations: May 2019
Three Months Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)		<1	1-<2	2-<3	3-<4	4-<5	5-<6	6-<7	7-<8	8-<9	9-<10	10-<11	11-<12	12-<13	13-<14	14-<15	15-<16	>=16	No idea	Total
	<1	24	5	4	2	2	3	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	42
	1-<2	4	38	15	8	1	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	70
	2-<3	10	9	129	68	47	27	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	292
	3-<4	0	1	24	178	118	94	16	3	0	0	3	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	437
	4-<5	1	5	9	20	255	109	87	22	10	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	522
	5-<6	6	7	12	28	31	579	190	210	71	13	66	0	1	0	0	10	0	1	1225
	6-<7	4	0	0	5	8	13	210	123	65	15	16	0	4	0	0	0	0	0	463
	7-<8	0	1	1	1	7	11	4	198	130	60	43	3	6	0	1	0	0	1	467
	8-<9	0	0	0	3	2	7	6	6	141	65	111	9	10	3	1	1	1	0	366
	9-<10	1	0	0	2	0	2	2	0	1	84	39	22	10	1	2	3	1	1	171
	10-<11	1	0	4	1	0	22	0	7	18	4	347	51	137	37	8	107	41	0	785
	11-<12	0	0	1	0	0	1	1	0	0	0	2	23	13	10	2	7	5	0	65
	12-<13	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	23	6	21	25	5	0	84
	13-<14	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	6	3	8	3	0	20
	14-<15	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	8	6	12	0	28
	15-<16	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	0	0	6	0	3	2	0	54	72	0	140
	>=16	2	0	0	0	0	2	0	0	0	1	6	0	2	0	1	12	508	3	537
	Total	53	66	199	316	471	875	517	571	437	243	647	109	209	66	47	233	649	6	5714
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

Table 5(b): Cross-tabulation of Number of Respondents by Current Inflation Perception and One Year Ahead Inflation Expectations: May 2019
One Year Ahead Inflation Rate (per cent)
Current Inflation Rate (per cent)		<1	1-<2	2-<3	3-<4	4-<5	5-<6	6-<7	7-<8	8-<9	9-<10	10-<11	11-<12	12-<13	13-<14	14-<15	15-<16	>=16	No idea	Total
	<1	22	3	4	3	1	5	1	0	0	0	1	0	0	0	0	0	2	0	42
	1-<2	18	18	15	6	2	3	0	3	1	0	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	2	70
	2-<3	58	3	65	39	60	44	9	8	0	1	1	0	1	0	0	2	0	1	292
	3-<4	70	1	1	102	48	102	55	29	13	3	9	0	1	1	0	1	0	1	437
	4-<5	96	1	3	5	134	77	80	47	39	11	21	3	2	0	1	2	0	0	522
	5-<6	168	2	4	5	16	346	109	167	149	42	161	8	9	1	1	18	18	1	1225
	6-<7	62	0	0	1	4	4	125	89	74	40	41	7	6	0	1	8	1	0	463
	7-<8	64	1	0	1	1	2	5	117	88	81	67	8	16	1	5	8	2	0	467
	8-<9	49	0	0	0	1	5	0	5	87	31	114	23	21	12	0	12	6	0	366
	9-<10	21	0	0	0	0	2	1	1	1	58	21	28	20	5	5	4	4	0	171
	10-<11	76	0	0	0	0	5	3	10	7	2	227	26	94	34	26	154	120	1	785
	11-<12	5	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	1	0	2	17	6	14	4	8	7	0	65
	12-<13	7	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	20	6	8	24	18	1	84
	13-<14	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5	3	6	6	0	20
	14-<15	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	0	6	3	16	0	28
	15-<16	18	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	1	3	0	2	1	0	37	77	0	140
	>=16	59	1	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	0	3	0	0	0	1	7	461	4	537
	Total	794	30	92	162	267	596	388	477	461	270	673	120	199	80	61	295	738	11	5714
Note: Figures are based on sample observations

¹सर्वेक्षण, जो रिजर्व बैंक द्वारा नियमित अंतराल पर आयोजित किया जाता है, निकट भविष्य में मुद्रास्फीतिकारी दबाव पर उपयोगी निदेशात्मक जानकारी प्रदान करता है और अन्य आर्थिक संकेतकों का अनुपूरक होता है। तथापि, सर्वेक्षण में उल्लिखित मुद्रास्फीति की अपेक्षाएं उत्तरदाताओं द्वारा दिए गए उत्तरों पर आधारित है और उनकी स्वयं की खपत प्रवृत्ति को प्रतिबिंबित करती हैं। अतः इन्हें मुद्रास्फीति के आधिकारिक उपायों के लिए बेंचमार्क के रूप में नहीं माना जाना चाहिए।