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External Investments and Operations Overview Banner

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External Investments and Operations Overview

About About

About

  • The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is the custodian of the country’s foreign exchange reserves and is vested with the responsibility of managing their investment. The basic parameters of the Reserve Bank’s policies for foreign exchange reserves management are safety, liquidity and returns. The legal provisions governing management of foreign exchange reserves are laid down in the RBI Act, 1934. In brief, the law broadly permits the following investment categories: update scenario

    a) deposits with other central banks and the BIS;

    b) deposits with commercial banks overseas;

    c) debt instruments representing sovereign/sovereign-guaranteed liability with residual maturity for the debt papers not exceeding 10 years;

    d) other instruments / institutions as approved by the Central Board of the RBI in accordance with the provisions of the Act;

    e) Investment, sale, purchase and deposits in gold; and

    f) dealing in certain types of derivatives.
  •  
  • While safety and liquidity continue to be the twin-pillars of reserves management, return optimisation has become an embedded strategy within this framework. The Reserve Bank has framed policy guidelines stipulating stringent eligibility criteria for issuers, counterparties, and investments to be made with them to enhance the safety and liquidity of reserves. The Reserve Bank, in consultation with the Government, continuously reviews the reserves management strategies.
  •  
    • In the RBI, the work related to the reserves management is handled in the Department of External Investments and Operations (DEIO).

External Investments and Operations Key Topics

Key Topics

RBI External Investments and Operations Overview Accordion

Date : April 18, 2025

Item As on April 18, 2025 Variation over
Week End-March 2025 Year
₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn. ₹ Cr. US$ Mn.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
1 Total Reserves 5857537 686145 23726 8310 145396 17819 512616 45812
1.1 Foreign Currency Assets # 4938465 578495 -10088 3516 87631 10938 256936 17635
1.2 Gold 721972 84572 33476 4575 53809 6396 247791 27764
1.3 SDRs 158509 18568 532 212 3220 399 7980 534
1.4 Reserve Position in the IMF 38591 4510 -194 7 736 87 -90 -121
* Difference, if any, is due to rounding off.
# Excludes (a) SDR holdings of the Reserve Bank, as they are included under the SDR holdings; (b) investment in bonds issued by IIFC (UK); and (c) amounts lent under the SAARC and ACU currency swap arrangements.

Date : April 18, 2025

(₹ Crore)
Item Outstanding as on Variation over
Week Financial Year so far Year-on-Year
2025 2024-25 2025-26* 2024 2025
Mar. 28 Apr. 18 Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount % Amount %
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Reserve Money 4836336 4861106 -13933 -0.3 28648 0.6 24770 0.5 238802 5.4 201012 4.3
1 Components (1.1+1.2+1.3)                        
1.1 Currency in Circulation 3720468 3787473 6864 0.2 55107 1.6 67005 1.8 111165 3.2 220905 6.2
1.2 Bankers' Deposits with RBI 1003762 969883 -21393 -2.2 -18275 -1.8 -33879 -3.4 109594 12.2 -37291 -3.7
1.3 ‘Other’ Deposits with RBI 112106 103750 597 0.6 -8184 -8.7 -8356 -7.5 18043 26.4 17398 20.1
2 Sources (2.1+2.2+2.3+2.4-2.5)                        
2.1 Net RBI Credit to Government 1388403 1626509 11524   28416   238106   -198470   404880  
2.1.1 Net RBI Credit to Centre 1362162 1589760 9924   17520   227598   -212820   385585  
2.2 RBI Credit to Banks & Commercial Sector 11418 -186413 -19174   9829   -197831   7376   -150096  
2.2.1 RBI's Net Claims on Banks -27049 -205693 -20042   13431   -178644   18364   -158571  
2.3 Net Foreign Exchange Assets of RBI 5526072 5692537 23315 0.4 -46743 -0.9 166464 3.0 565017 12.2 498197 9.6
2.4 Government’s Currency Liabilities to the Public 36632 36632     0 0.0 0 0.0 3146 10.4 3200 9.6
2.5 Net Non-Monetary Liabilities of RBI 2126189 2308158 29598 1.3 -37145 -2.1 181969 8.6 138267 8.6 555169 31.7

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