मास्टर निदेशों
भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक ने जनवरी 2016 से सभी विनियामकीय मामलों पर मास्टर निदेश जारी करना शुरू किया है। मास्टर निदेशों में रिज़र्व बैंक बैंकिंग मुद्दों और विदेशी विनिमय लेनदेनों सहित विभिन्न अधिनियमों के अंतर्गत नियमों और विनियमों पर अनुदेश समेकित करता है।
मास्टर निदेश जारी करने की प्रक्रिया में प्रत्येक विषय के लिए एक मास्टर निदेश जारी करना शामिल है जिसमें उस विषय पर सभी अनुदेशों को कवर किया जाता है। वर्ष के दौरान नियमों, विनियमनों या नीति में किसी प्रकार के परिवर्तन की सूचना परिपत्रों/प्रेस प्रकाशनियों के माध्यम से दी जाती है। मास्टर निदेशों को उचित रूप से और नियमों/विनियमों में किसी प्रकार का बदलाव होने या नीति में किसी प्रकार का बदलाव होने के साथ ही अद्यतन किया जाएगा। सभी प्रकार के परिवर्तनों को भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक की वेबसाइट पर उपलब्ध मास्टर निदेशों में दर्शाया जाएगा और इसके साथ परिवर्तन होने वाली तारीख भी दर्शाई जाएगी।
मास्टर निदेशों के जारी होने के बाद बारंबार पूछे जाने वाले प्रश्नों (एफएक्यू) के माध्यम से नियमों और विनियमों के स्पष्टीकरणों को समझने में आसान भाषा में जारी किया जाएगा जहां आवश्यक होगा। विभिन्न विषयों पर जारी मौजूदा मास्टर परिपत्र उस विषय पर मास्टर निदेश के जारी होने के साथ ही वापस लिए माने जाएंगे।
मास्टर निदेशों
RBI/ 2025-26/229 DOR.CRE.REC.No. /07-01-003/2025-26 XX, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Chapter I - Preliminary 4 A. Short Title and Commencement 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 7 A. Role of Board 7 Chapter III - Digital Lending 8 A. General Requirements for bank-LSP Arrangements 8 B. Conduct and Customer Protection Requirements 9 C. Technology and Data Requirement 13 D. Reporting of Credit Information and DLAs 14 E. Loss sharing arrangement in case of default 16 F. General Provisions 20 Chapter IV - Lending against Gold and Silver Collateral 22 A. General Provisions 22 B. Restrictions and Ceilings 23 C. Valuation and Assaying of Gold and Silver collateral 24 D. Loan to Value Ratio (LTV) 24 E. Other Provisions 25 Chapter V - Microfinance 27 A. Definition of Microfinance 27 B. Assessment of Household Income 27 C. Limit on Loan Repayment Obligations of a Household 29 D. Other provisions 30 Chapter VI - Non-Fund Based (NFB) Credit Facilities 31 A. General Conditions 31 B. Guarantees 32 C. Usage of electronic-Guarantee 33 D. Guarantee favouring another RE and Timely Payment of Invoked Guarantee 35 E. Co-acceptances 35 F. Guarantee and related business involving overseas current or capital account transaction 35 Chapter VII - Credit Facility to Real Estate Sector 37 A. Quantum of Loan 37 Chapter VIII - Repeal and other provisions 38 A. Repeal and saving 38 B. Application of other laws not barred 38 C. Interpretations 38 Annex - I 40 Introduction Reserve Bank of India (Reserve Bank) is statutorily mandated to operate the credit system of the country to its advantage. In pursuit of this mandate, the Reserve Bank encourages innovation in the financial systems, credit products and delivery mechanisms while ensuring orderly growth, financial stability and the protection of depositors’ and borrowers’ interest. With the progressive deregulation of bank credit, prudential norms primarily serve as regulatory safeguards.
RBI/ 2025-26/229 DOR.CRE.REC.No. /07-01-003/2025-26 XX, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Facilities) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Chapter I - Preliminary 4 A. Short Title and Commencement 4 B. Applicability 4 C. Definitions 4 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 7 A. Role of Board 7 Chapter III - Digital Lending 8 A. General Requirements for bank-LSP Arrangements 8 B. Conduct and Customer Protection Requirements 9 C. Technology and Data Requirement 13 D. Reporting of Credit Information and DLAs 14 E. Loss sharing arrangement in case of default 16 F. General Provisions 20 Chapter IV - Lending against Gold and Silver Collateral 22 A. General Provisions 22 B. Restrictions and Ceilings 23 C. Valuation and Assaying of Gold and Silver collateral 24 D. Loan to Value Ratio (LTV) 24 E. Other Provisions 25 Chapter V - Microfinance 27 A. Definition of Microfinance 27 B. Assessment of Household Income 27 C. Limit on Loan Repayment Obligations of a Household 29 D. Other provisions 30 Chapter VI - Non-Fund Based (NFB) Credit Facilities 31 A. General Conditions 31 B. Guarantees 32 C. Usage of electronic-Guarantee 33 D. Guarantee favouring another RE and Timely Payment of Invoked Guarantee 35 E. Co-acceptances 35 F. Guarantee and related business involving overseas current or capital account transaction 35 Chapter VII - Credit Facility to Real Estate Sector 37 A. Quantum of Loan 37 Chapter VIII - Repeal and other provisions 38 A. Repeal and saving 38 B. Application of other laws not barred 38 C. Interpretations 38 Annex - I 40 Introduction Reserve Bank of India (Reserve Bank) is statutorily mandated to operate the credit system of the country to its advantage. In pursuit of this mandate, the Reserve Bank encourages innovation in the financial systems, credit products and delivery mechanisms while ensuring orderly growth, financial stability and the protection of depositors’ and borrowers’ interest. With the progressive deregulation of bank credit, prudential norms primarily serve as regulatory safeguards.
RBI/2025-26/230 DOR.AUT.REC.No.149/ 24-01-041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Debit Cards: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Board Approved Policy and Procedures 4 Chapter III – Issue of Debit Card by Banks 5 Chapter IV – Form Factor 6 Chapter V – Co-branding Arrangement 7 Chapter VI – General Guidelines for Debit Cards 9 Chapter VII – Repeal and Other Provisions 14 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks - Debit Card: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025. 2. These Directions shall come into force with immediate effect.
RBI/2025-26/230 DOR.AUT.REC.No.149/ 24-01-041/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Debit Cards: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 2 Chapter II – Board Approved Policy and Procedures 4 Chapter III – Issue of Debit Card by Banks 5 Chapter IV – Form Factor 6 Chapter V – Co-branding Arrangement 7 Chapter VI – General Guidelines for Debit Cards 9 Chapter VII – Repeal and Other Provisions 14 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks - Debit Card: Issuance and Conduct) Directions, 2025. 2. These Directions shall come into force with immediate effect.
RBI/ 2025-26/232 DOR.CRE.REC.151/07-02-003/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 6 Chapter III - Statutory Restrictions 7 Chapter IV - Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE) 11 Chapter V - Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) for Borrowers 17 Chapter VI - Valuation of Properties - Empanelment of Valuers 19 Chapter VII - Filing of Security Interest relating to Immovable (other than equitable mortgage), Movable, and Intangible Assets in CERSAI 21 Chapter VIII - Repeal and other provisions 23 Annex I 25 Introduction Local Area Banks (LABs), in the course of financial intermediation, are exposed to various financial and non-financial risks, of which credit risk is the one of the most significant risks. If not managed effectively, credit risk may have ramifications for a range of other risk categories too. As credit exposures of LABs encompass varied sectors, borrower types and products with their own idiosyncratic complexities as well as systemic implications due to interconnectedness among themselves, credit risk management of LABs involve a range of prudential tools, including statutory and regulatory restrictions / prohibitions on certain activities. Recognising this, the Reserve Bank has, from time to time, issued guidelines to strengthen credit risk management practices. Accordingly, in exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 20, 21 and 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (hereinafter called the Reserve Bank) in this regard, Reserve Bank being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby issues these Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I - Preliminary A. Short title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 2. These Directions shall come into effect immediately upon issuance.
RBI/ 2025-26/232 DOR.CRE.REC.151/07-02-003/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 2 Chapter II - Board Approved Policies 6 Chapter III - Statutory Restrictions 7 Chapter IV - Unhedged Foreign Currency Exposure (UFCE) 11 Chapter V - Legal Entity Identifier (LEI) for Borrowers 17 Chapter VI - Valuation of Properties - Empanelment of Valuers 19 Chapter VII - Filing of Security Interest relating to Immovable (other than equitable mortgage), Movable, and Intangible Assets in CERSAI 21 Chapter VIII - Repeal and other provisions 23 Annex I 25 Introduction Local Area Banks (LABs), in the course of financial intermediation, are exposed to various financial and non-financial risks, of which credit risk is the one of the most significant risks. If not managed effectively, credit risk may have ramifications for a range of other risk categories too. As credit exposures of LABs encompass varied sectors, borrower types and products with their own idiosyncratic complexities as well as systemic implications due to interconnectedness among themselves, credit risk management of LABs involve a range of prudential tools, including statutory and regulatory restrictions / prohibitions on certain activities. Recognising this, the Reserve Bank has, from time to time, issued guidelines to strengthen credit risk management practices. Accordingly, in exercise of the powers conferred by Sections 20, 21 and 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (hereinafter called the Reserve Bank) in this regard, Reserve Bank being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby issues these Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I - Preliminary A. Short title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Credit Risk Management) Directions, 2025 2. These Directions shall come into effect immediately upon issuance.
RBI/2025-26/237 DOR.LRG.No.156/13-10-009/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II – Role of Board 5 A. Responsibilities of the Board 5 B. Approval of policies, limits, and reviews 5 Chapter III – Asset Liability Management 6 A. Introduction 6 B. ALM Information Systems 6 C. ALM Organisation 7 D. ALM Process 8 Chapter IV – Liquidity Risk Management 9 A. Management of Liquidity Risk 9 B. Structural Liquidity Statement (SLS) 9 C. Short -Term Dynamic Liquidity (STDL) statement 10 D. Monitoring of Liquidity 10 Chapter V – Currency Risk Management 12 Chapter VI – Interest Rate Risk (IRR) Management 13 A. Introduction 13 B. Traditional Gap Analysis 13 C. Interest Rate Sensitivity (IRS) Statement 13 Chapter VII – Miscellaneous 15 A. Behavioural Patterns and Embedded Options 15 B. Internal Transfer Pricing (ITP) 15 Chapter VIII – Monitoring and Reporting 16 A. Preparation and Review of Statements 16 B. Regulatory Reporting and Periodicity of Returns 16 Chapter IX – Repeal and Other Provisions 17 A. Repeal and Saving 17 B. Application of other laws not barred 17 C. Interpretations 17 Annex – I: Structural Liquidity Statement 19 Annex – II: Short-term Dynamic Liquidity statement 23 Annex – III: Interest Rate Sensitivity Statement 25 Annex-IV: Maturity Profile – Liquidity 28 Annex V- Interest Rate Sensitivity 32 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, the RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025. 2. These Directions shall become effective from the date of issue.
RBI/2025-26/237 DOR.LRG.No.156/13-10-009/2025-26 November 28, 2025 Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I – Preliminary 3 A. Short Title and Commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II – Role of Board 5 A. Responsibilities of the Board 5 B. Approval of policies, limits, and reviews 5 Chapter III – Asset Liability Management 6 A. Introduction 6 B. ALM Information Systems 6 C. ALM Organisation 7 D. ALM Process 8 Chapter IV – Liquidity Risk Management 9 A. Management of Liquidity Risk 9 B. Structural Liquidity Statement (SLS) 9 C. Short -Term Dynamic Liquidity (STDL) statement 10 D. Monitoring of Liquidity 10 Chapter V – Currency Risk Management 12 Chapter VI – Interest Rate Risk (IRR) Management 13 A. Introduction 13 B. Traditional Gap Analysis 13 C. Interest Rate Sensitivity (IRS) Statement 13 Chapter VII – Miscellaneous 15 A. Behavioural Patterns and Embedded Options 15 B. Internal Transfer Pricing (ITP) 15 Chapter VIII – Monitoring and Reporting 16 A. Preparation and Review of Statements 16 B. Regulatory Reporting and Periodicity of Returns 16 Chapter IX – Repeal and Other Provisions 17 A. Repeal and Saving 17 B. Application of other laws not barred 17 C. Interpretations 17 Annex – I: Structural Liquidity Statement 19 Annex – II: Short-term Dynamic Liquidity statement 23 Annex – III: Interest Rate Sensitivity Statement 25 Annex-IV: Maturity Profile – Liquidity 28 Annex V- Interest Rate Sensitivity 32 In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 35A of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949, and all other provisions / laws enabling the Reserve Bank of India (‘RBI’) in this regard, the RBI being satisfied that it is necessary and expedient in the public interest so to do, hereby, issues the Directions hereinafter specified. Chapter I – Preliminary A. Short Title and Commencement 1. These Directions shall be called the Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Asset Liability Management) Directions, 2025. 2. These Directions shall become effective from the date of issue.
Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II - General Instructions 7 A. Role of the Board 7 B. Prudence in Lending and Consumer Education 7 C. Disclosure Requirements 10 Chapter III - Asset Classification 11 A. General Instructions on Asset Classification 11 B. Classification as non-performing asset 12 C. Accounts regularised near about the balance sheet date 14 D. Specific cases of asset classification 14 E. Categories of non-performing assets 20 F. Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs 21 Chapter IV - Provisioning Norms 22 A. General Principles for Provisioning 22 B. Provisions in respect of Standard assets 22 C. Provisions in respect of substandard assets 24 D. Provisions in respect of Doubtful Assets 24 E. Provisions in respect of Loss Assets 25 F. Prudential norms on creation and utilisation of floating provisions 25 G. Additional Provisions at higher than prescribed rates 26 H. Provisions under Special Circumstances 27 I. Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) 32 Chapter V - Income Recognition 33 A. General Principles for Income Recognition 33 B. Reversal of income upon classification as NPA 33 C. Interest application after NPA classification 34 D. Appropriation of recovery from NPAs 34 E. Income recognition in special cases 34 F. Tax treatment in respect of provisions 36 Chapter VI
Reserve Bank of India (Local Area Banks – Income Recognition, Asset Classification and Provisioning pertaining to Advances) Directions, 2025 Table of Contents Chapter I - Preliminary 3 A. Short title and commencement 3 B. Applicability 3 C. Definitions 3 Chapter II - General Instructions 7 A. Role of the Board 7 B. Prudence in Lending and Consumer Education 7 C. Disclosure Requirements 10 Chapter III - Asset Classification 11 A. General Instructions on Asset Classification 11 B. Classification as non-performing asset 12 C. Accounts regularised near about the balance sheet date 14 D. Specific cases of asset classification 14 E. Categories of non-performing assets 20 F. Upgradation of loan accounts classified as NPAs 21 Chapter IV - Provisioning Norms 22 A. General Principles for Provisioning 22 B. Provisions in respect of Standard assets 22 C. Provisions in respect of substandard assets 24 D. Provisions in respect of Doubtful Assets 24 E. Provisions in respect of Loss Assets 25 F. Prudential norms on creation and utilisation of floating provisions 25 G. Additional Provisions at higher than prescribed rates 26 H. Provisions under Special Circumstances 27 I. Provisioning Coverage Ratio (PCR) 32 Chapter V - Income Recognition 33 A. General Principles for Income Recognition 33 B. Reversal of income upon classification as NPA 33 C. Interest application after NPA classification 34 D. Appropriation of recovery from NPAs 34 E. Income recognition in special cases 34 F. Tax treatment in respect of provisions 36 Chapter VI
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